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Regal (elm hybrid)
Encyclopedia
Ulmus 'Regal' is an American hybrid elm cultivar
developed by the University of Wisconsin–Madison
and released in 1983. 'Regal' was derived from seeds arising from the crossing of the Dutch hybrid clones 'Commelin' and '215' (Ulmus pumila × 'Hoersholmiensis') sent in 1960 by Hans M. Heybroek
of the De Dorschkamp Research Institute in the Netherlands
.
, 5 cm to 10 cm in length, fern green when young, changing to a glossy, trichome-free, dusky spinach green. The perfect, wind-pollinated apetalous flowers emerge in early March.
and verticillium wilt
, but is very susceptible to the Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola
in the USA. The tree's foliage was adjudged "resistant" to Black Spot by the Plant Diagnostic Clinic of the University of Missouri
http://soilplantlab.missouri.edu/plant/diseases/resistant.htm.
trials http://www.for.nau.edu/cms/content/view/512/706/ where, along with 'Frontier', it proved very tolerant of the hot and arid conditions in the eastern part of Arizona
, exhibiting minimal leaf scorch. In Europe, 'Regal' was introduced by the now-defunct Conrad-Appel nursery in Darmstadt
and grown under licence by several Dutch and German nurseries as one of the Resista series http://www.resista-ulmen.com/en/en_121.htm. It has enjoyed modest success in Germany
as a street tree http://www.diplomlandespfleger.de/englisch/ulmusregal.html http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.resista-ulmen.com/static_website/de/de_6.htm&ei=iFhZTJ3zMKK80gTQktHmCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CA8Q7gEwAg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Darshadi%2Bhillier%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG, but remains uncommon in the UK. 'Regal' also featured in trials in New Zealand
during the 1990s at the Hortresearch station, Palmerston North
.
champion is at Abbey Park
, Leicester
, measuring 14 m high, 26 cm d.b.h. in 2004.
Europe
Cultivar
A cultivar'Cultivar has two meanings as explained under Formal definition. When used in reference to a taxon, the word does not apply to an individual plant but to all those plants sharing the unique characteristics that define the cultivar. is a plant or group of plants selected for desirable...
developed by the University of Wisconsin–Madison
University of Wisconsin–Madison
The University of Wisconsin–Madison is a public research university located in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. Founded in 1848, UW–Madison is the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System. It became a land-grant institution in 1866...
and released in 1983. 'Regal' was derived from seeds arising from the crossing of the Dutch hybrid clones 'Commelin' and '215' (Ulmus pumila × 'Hoersholmiensis') sent in 1960 by Hans M. Heybroek
Hans M. Heybroek
Hans M. Heybroek is a Dutch botanist best known for his researches into the genus Ulmus at the Dorschkamp Research Institute for Forestry & Landscape Planning. Until his retirement in 1992, he was responsible for the raising and release of numerous elm hybrid cultivars, notably 'Columella'...
of the De Dorschkamp Research Institute in the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
.
Description
'Regal' has a strong central leader bestowing an upright columnar form similar to 'Commelin', making it particularly suitable for street planting . The foliage is distinctively sparse, allowing dappled sunlight beneath the canopy http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/SUL4.pdf. The leaves are narrowly ellipticalLeaf shape
In botany, leaf shape is characterised with the following terms :* Acicular : Slender and pointed, needle-like* Acuminate : Tapering to a long point...
, 5 cm to 10 cm in length, fern green when young, changing to a glossy, trichome-free, dusky spinach green. The perfect, wind-pollinated apetalous flowers emerge in early March.
Pests and diseases
'Regal' has a good resistance, rated 4 out of 5 , to Dutch elm diseaseDutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease is a disease caused by a member of the sac fungi category, affecting elm trees which is spread by the elm bark beetle. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease has been accidentally introduced into America and Europe, where it has devastated native...
and verticillium wilt
Verticillium wilt
Verticillium Wilt is a wilt disease of over 300 species of eudicot plants caused by one of two species of Verticillium fungus, V. dahliae and V. albo-atrum. Many economically important plants are susceptible including cotton, tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, peppers and ornamentals, as well as others...
, but is very susceptible to the Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola
Xanthogaleruca luteola
Xanthogaleruca luteola, commonly known as the Elm Leaf Beetle, is a serious pest of the elm. Indigenous to Europe, it was accidentally introduced to North America. Both the imagines and larvae feed on the emergent leaves of the elm...
in the USA. The tree's foliage was adjudged "resistant" to Black Spot by the Plant Diagnostic Clinic of the University of Missouri
University of Missouri
The University of Missouri System is a state university system providing centralized administration for four universities, a health care system, an extension program, five research and technology parks, and a publishing press. More than 64,000 students are currently enrolled at its four campuses...
http://soilplantlab.missouri.edu/plant/diseases/resistant.htm.
Cultivation
The tree performed particularly well in the Northern Arizona UniversityNorthern Arizona University
Northern Arizona University is a public university located in Flagstaff, Arizona, United States. It is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools, and has 39 satellite campuses in the state of Arizona. The university offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees.As of...
trials http://www.for.nau.edu/cms/content/view/512/706/ where, along with 'Frontier', it proved very tolerant of the hot and arid conditions in the eastern part of Arizona
Arizona
Arizona ; is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the western United States and the mountain west. The capital and largest city is Phoenix...
, exhibiting minimal leaf scorch. In Europe, 'Regal' was introduced by the now-defunct Conrad-Appel nursery in Darmstadt
Darmstadt
Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine Main Area.The sandy soils in the Darmstadt area, ill-suited for agriculture in times before industrial fertilisation, prevented any larger settlement from developing, until the city became the seat...
and grown under licence by several Dutch and German nurseries as one of the Resista series http://www.resista-ulmen.com/en/en_121.htm. It has enjoyed modest success in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
as a street tree http://www.diplomlandespfleger.de/englisch/ulmusregal.html http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.resista-ulmen.com/static_website/de/de_6.htm&ei=iFhZTJ3zMKK80gTQktHmCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CA8Q7gEwAg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Darshadi%2Bhillier%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG, but remains uncommon in the UK. 'Regal' also featured in trials in New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
during the 1990s at the Hortresearch station, Palmerston North
Palmerston North
Palmerston North is the main city of the Manawatu-Wanganui region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is an inland city with a population of and is the country's seventh largest city and eighth largest urban area. Palmerston North is located in the eastern Manawatu Plains near the north bank...
.
Notable trees
The UK TROBIThe Tree Register
The Tree Register, or more fully, the Tree Register of the British Isles , is a registered charity collating and updating a database of notable trees throughout Britain and Ireland...
champion is at Abbey Park
Abbey Park, Leicestershire
Abbey Park is a public park in Leicester, England, owned and managed by Leicester City Council through which the River Soar flows.The park contains the remains of the 12th century Leicester Abbey and the ruins of Cavendish House...
, Leicester
Leicester
Leicester is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands of England, and the county town of Leicestershire. The city lies on the River Soar and at the edge of the National Forest...
, measuring 14 m high, 26 cm d.b.h. in 2004.
North America
- Chicago Botanic GardenChicago Botanic GardenLocated at 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois, USA, the Chicago Botanic Garden is a living plant museum situated on nine islands featuring 24 display gardens and surrounded by four natural habitats: McDonald Woods, Dixon Prairie, Skokie River Corridor, and Lakes and Shores. The Garden is open...
, Glencoe, IllinoisGlencoe, IllinoisGlencoe is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, the village population was 8,723. Glencoe is located on suburban Chicago's North Shore. Glencoe is located within the New Trier High School District. Glencoe is regarded as one of the most affluent suburbs on...
. 3 trees, no other details available. - Holden ArboretumHolden ArboretumThe Holden Arboretum, in Kirtland, Ohio, USA, is one of the largest arboretums and botanical gardens in the United States, with over 3,500 acres , 600 acres of which are devoted to collections and gardens. Diverse natural areas and ecologically sensitive habitats make up the rest of the holdings...
. Acc. no. 85-189
Europe
- Brighton & HoveBrighton & HoveBrighton and Hove is a unitary authority area and city on the south coast of England. It is England's most populous seaside resort.In 1997 Brighton and Hove were joined to form the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove, which was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II as part of the millennium...
City Council, UK, NCCPG Elm Collection http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/index.cfm?request=c1108042. Some very big trees in Hangleton, Hove. - Cambridge Botanic Garden http://www.botanic.cam.ac.uk/, University of CambridgeUniversity of CambridgeThe University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally...
, UK, no accession details available. - Grange Farm ArboretumGrange Farm ArboretumThe Grange Farm Arboretum is a small private arboretum comprising 3 hectares accommodating over 800 trees, mostly native and ornamental species or cultivars, notably oaks, ashes, walnuts and elms, growing on a calcareous loam....
, Sutton St. James, Spalding, LincolnshireSpalding, LincolnshireSpalding is a market town with a population of 30,000 on the River Welland in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. Little London is a hamlet directly south of Spalding on the B1172 road....
, UK. - Rombergpark http://www.bgbm.org/BGBM/, DortmundDortmundDortmund is a city in Germany. It is located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. Its population of 585,045 makes it the 7th largest city in Germany and the 34th largest in the European Union....
, Germany. Details not known. - Royal Horticultural SocietyRoyal Horticultural SocietyThe Royal Horticultural Society was founded in 1804 in London, England as the Horticultural Society of London, and gained its present name in a Royal Charter granted in 1861 by Prince Albert...
Harlow Carr Arboretum http://www.rhs.org.uk/Gardens/Harlow-Carr, HarrogateHarrogateHarrogate is a spa town in North Yorkshire, England. The town is a tourist destination and its visitor attractions include its spa waters, RHS Harlow Carr gardens, and Betty's Tea Rooms. From the town one can explore the nearby Yorkshire Dales national park. Harrogate originated in the 17th...
, UK. Planted 1988.
Nurseries
North America- Johnson's Nursery http://www.johnsonsnursery.com/, Menomonee Falls, WisconsinMenomonee Falls, WisconsinMenomonee Falls is a village in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States, and is part of the Greater Milwaukee area. The population was 35,626 at the 2010 census, making it the most populous village in Wisconsin. It is the fourth largest community in Waukesha County...
- Klyn Nurseries http://www.klynnurseries.com/history.htm, Perry, OhioPerry, OhioPerry is a village in Lake County, Ohio, United States. The population was 1,195 at the 2000 census. It is named in honor of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry to commemorate his victory over the British fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie in September 1813. The battle was a turning point in the western...
- Lake County Nursery http://www.lakecountynursery.com/, Perry, Ohio
- Sun Valley Garden Centre http://www.qscaping.com/NetPS-Engine.asp?CCID=20000011&page=results&Keyword=ulmus&Category=&Type=&Spread=Any&SpreadDim=feet&Growth=&Hardiness=7&Height=Any&HeightDim=feet&Canopy=&Application=&Texture=&Wildlife=&Form=&Density=&FlowerColor=&FlowerColorJS=&FoliageColor=&FoliageColorJS=&FallColor=&FallColorJS=&FruitPeriod=&BarkColor=&BarkColorJS=&FlowerPeriod=&Variegation=&VariegationJS=&FruitColor=&FruitColorJS=&Edible=&BarkTexture=&SunShade=&Moisture=&Pollution=&SoilType=&pH=&Submit=Search],Eden Prairie, MinnesotaMinnesotaMinnesota is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. The twelfth largest state of the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with 5.3 million residents. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state...
Europe
- Bonte Hoek kwekerijen http://www.bontehoek.nl, GlimmenGlimmenGlimmen is a village that is part of the municipality of Haren, which lies in the province Groningen in the Netherlands. It is 10 kilometres to the city of Groningen and 5 kilometre to Haren. Glimmen has about 1700 inhabitants...
, Netherlands. - Eisele GmbH & Co KG DarmstadtDarmstadtDarmstadt is a city in the Bundesland of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine Main Area.The sandy soils in the Darmstadt area, ill-suited for agriculture in times before industrial fertilisation, prevented any larger settlement from developing, until the city became the seat...
, Germany. - Golden Hill Plants http://www.goldenhillplants.com/, Marden, KentMarden, KentMarden is a village about 13 km south of Maidstone and civil parish in the Maidstone District of Kent, England. The parish is located on the flood plain of the River Beult near Maidstone. It is on the B2079 road linking the A229 Maidstone with the A21 at Flimwell. It has its own railway...
, UK.
External links
- http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/SUL4.pdf Summary, inc. photographs, of elm cultivars resistant to Dutch elm disease available in the USA.
- http://fletcher.ces.state.nc.us/programs/nursery/metria/metria11/warren/elm.htm Warren, K., J. Frank Schmidt & Son Co. (2002). The Status of Elms in the Nursery Industry in 2000.