Renal chloride reabsorption - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Renal reabsorption of chloride (Cl^-

Chloride

The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine, a halogen, picks up one electron to form an anion Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and can also be called chlorides. The chloride ion, and its salts such as sodium chloride, are very soluble in water...

) is a part of renal physiology

Renal physiology

Renal physiology is the study of the physiology of the kidney. This encompasses all functions of the kidney, including reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules; regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes; regulation of fluid balance and blood pressure;...

, in order not to lose too much chloride in the urine

Urine

Urine is a typically sterile liquid by-product of the body that is secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra. Cellular metabolism generates numerous by-products, many rich in nitrogen, that require elimination from the bloodstream...

Overview table

Characteristics of Cl^- reabsorption
Characteristic	proximal tubule Proximal tubule The proximal tubule is the portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle.-Structure and appearance:...			loop of Henle Loop of Henle In the kidney, the loop of Henle is the portion of a nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. Named after its discoverer F. G. J...			Distal convoluted tubule Distal convoluted tubule The distal convoluted tubule is a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system.- Physiology :It is partly responsible for the regulation of potassium, sodium, calcium, and pH...	Collecting duct system Collecting duct system The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter. It participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone.There are several...
Characteristic	S1	S2	S3	descending limb Descending limb of loop of Henle The descending limb of loop of Henle is the portion of the renal tubule constituting the first part of the loop of Henle.-Physiology:The permeability is as follows:...	thin ascending limb Thin ascending limb of loop of Henle The thin ascending limb of loop of Henle is a sub-portion of the loop of Henle in the juxtamedullary nephron of the kidney. The thin ascending limb is impermeable to water, and is also permeable to ions in particular Na and Cl...	thick ascending limb Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle The thick ascending limb of loop of Henle also known as distal straight tubule, is a segment of the nephron in the kidney. It can be divided into two parts: that in the renal medulla, and that in the renal cortex.-Medullary thick ascending limb:...		connecting tubule Connecting tubule In the kidney, the collecting tubule is a tubular segment of the renal collecting duct system that connects the distal convoluted tubule to the cortical collecting duct.-Classification:...	initial collecting tubule	cortical collecting ducts	medullary collecting ducts
reabsorption (%)
reabsorption (mmoles Mole (unit) The mole is a unit of measurement used in chemistry to express amounts of a chemical substance, defined as an amount of a substance that contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 12 grams of pure carbon-12 , the isotope of carbon with atomic weight 12. This corresponds to a value... /day)
Concentration (mM)	115		135
electrical driving force Membrane potential Membrane potential is the difference in electrical potential between the interior and exterior of a biological cell. All animal cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with a variety of types of proteins embedded in it... (mV Volt The volt is the SI derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force. The volt is named in honor of the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta , who invented the voltaic pile, possibly the first chemical battery.- Definition :A single volt is defined as the... )	-3		+3			+15	-5 to +5			-40
chemical driving force Chemical potential Chemical potential, symbolized by μ, is a measure first described by the American engineer, chemist and mathematical physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs. It is the potential that a substance has to produce in order to alter a system... (mV Volt The volt is the SI derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force. The volt is named in honor of the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta , who invented the voltaic pile, possibly the first chemical battery.- Definition :A single volt is defined as the... )
electrochemical driving force (mV Volt The volt is the SI derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force. The volt is named in honor of the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta , who invented the voltaic pile, possibly the first chemical battery.- Definition :A single volt is defined as the... )	(positive)
apical transport proteins	(passively)		Cl-formate exchanger Cl-formate exchanger The Cl-formate exchanger is a transport protein present in the kidney, where it functions in the renal chloride reabsorption. It is also present in vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle .The true molecular nature of the protein is unknown.... Cl-oxalate exchanger Cl-oxalate exchanger The Cl-oxalate exchanger is a transport protein in the kidney, where it functions in e.g. renal chloride reabsorption-References:... Cl^-/HCO₃^- exchanger Cl^--OH^- exchanger Chloride hydroxyl exchanger A chloride hydroxyl exchanger is a purported membrane transport protein, responsible for the exchange of chloride and hydroxyl in the renal proximal tubule, functioning in renal chloride reabsorption. However, little is known about the protein responsible for this action..-References:...			Na-K-2Cl cotransporter	Na-Cl cotransporter			principal cells: paracellularily
basolateral transport proteins			chloride channel Chloride channel Chloride channels are a superfamily of poorly understood ion channels consisting of approximately 13 members.Chloride channels display a variety of important physiological and cellular roles that include regulation of pH, volume homeostasis, organic solute transport, cell migration, cell... s Cl-K cotransporter			chloride channel Chloride channel Chloride channels are a superfamily of poorly understood ion channels consisting of approximately 13 members.Chloride channels display a variety of important physiological and cellular roles that include regulation of pH, volume homeostasis, organic solute transport, cell migration, cell... s	chloride channel Chloride channel Chloride channels are a superfamily of poorly understood ion channels consisting of approximately 13 members.Chloride channels display a variety of important physiological and cellular roles that include regulation of pH, volume homeostasis, organic solute transport, cell migration, cell... s			chloride channel Chloride channel Chloride channels are a superfamily of poorly understood ion channels consisting of approximately 13 members.Chloride channels display a variety of important physiological and cellular roles that include regulation of pH, volume homeostasis, organic solute transport, cell migration, cell... s β intercalated cells: Cl-HCO₃^- exchanger
Other reabsorption features

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