René Rémond
Encyclopedia
René Rémond was a French historian and political economist.
, Rémond was the Secretary General of Jeunesses étudiantes Catholiques (JEC France in 1943) and a member of the International YCS Center of Documentation and Information in Paris, presently the International Secretariat of International Young Catholic
Students (http://www.iycs-jeci.org IYCS.) The author of books on French political, intellectual and religious history, he was elected to the Académie française
in 1998. He was also a founding member of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences
.
René Rémond is the author of the famous distinction of right-wing parties and movement into three different currents, each one appeared during a specific phase of French history: Legitimism
(or counter-revolutionaries), Orléanism
, and Bonapartism
. Boulangisme, for example, was according to him a type of Bonapartism, as was Gaullism
. These he considers as being authoritarian, needing a leader who has charisma, and presenting their movements as more "populist" than the others. Legitimism refers to the royalists who refused to accept the French Republic during the 19th century (The Action Française
royalist movement belongs to the Legitimists, who, being marginalized during the 20th century, managed however to take back some influence during the Vichy régime
). Similarly, he classes the Front National
(Le Pen
's party) in this group. Orléanists he refers to economic liberals
, which characterizes present-day conservative parties. This group presents itself as bourgeois rather than populist.
Biography
Born in Lons-le-SaunierLons-le-Saunier
Lons-le-Saunier is a commune and capital of the Jura department in eastern France.-Geography:The town is in the heart of the Revermont region, at the foot of the "premier plateau" of the Jura massif...
, Rémond was the Secretary General of Jeunesses étudiantes Catholiques (JEC France in 1943) and a member of the International YCS Center of Documentation and Information in Paris, presently the International Secretariat of International Young Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
Students (http://www.iycs-jeci.org IYCS.) The author of books on French political, intellectual and religious history, he was elected to the Académie française
Académie française
L'Académie française , also called the French Academy, is the pre-eminent French learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. The Académie was officially established in 1635 by Cardinal Richelieu, the chief minister to King Louis XIII. Suppressed in 1793 during the French Revolution,...
in 1998. He was also a founding member of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences
Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences
The Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences was established in January 1994 by Pope John Paul II. It is headquartered in the Casina Pio IV in the Vatican. Professor Edmond Malinvaud was its first president...
.
René Rémond is the author of the famous distinction of right-wing parties and movement into three different currents, each one appeared during a specific phase of French history: Legitimism
Legitimists
Legitimists are royalists in France who adhere to the rights of dynastic succession of the descendants of the elder branch of the Bourbon dynasty, which was overthrown in the 1830 July Revolution. They reject the claim of the July Monarchy of 1830–1848, whose kings were members of the junior...
(or counter-revolutionaries), Orléanism
Orléanist
The Orléanists were a French right-wing/center-right party which arose out of the French Revolution. It governed France 1830-1848 in the "July Monarchy" of king Louis Philippe. It is generally seen as a transitional period dominated by the bourgeoisie and the conservative Orleanist doctrine in...
, and Bonapartism
Bonapartism
Bonapartism is often defined as a political expression in the vocabulary of Marxism and Leninism, deriving from the career of Napoleon Bonaparte. Karl Marx was a student of Jacobinism and the French Revolution as well as a contemporary critic of the Second Republic and Second Empire...
. Boulangisme, for example, was according to him a type of Bonapartism, as was Gaullism
Gaullism
Gaullism is a French political ideology based on the thought and action of Resistance leader then president Charles de Gaulle.-Foreign policy:...
. These he considers as being authoritarian, needing a leader who has charisma, and presenting their movements as more "populist" than the others. Legitimism refers to the royalists who refused to accept the French Republic during the 19th century (The Action Française
Action Française
The Action Française , founded in 1898, is a French Monarchist counter-revolutionary movement and periodical founded by Maurice Pujo and Henri Vaugeois and whose principal ideologist was Charles Maurras...
royalist movement belongs to the Legitimists, who, being marginalized during the 20th century, managed however to take back some influence during the Vichy régime
Vichy France
Vichy France, Vichy Regime, or Vichy Government, are common terms used to describe the government of France that collaborated with the Axis powers from July 1940 to August 1944. This government succeeded the Third Republic and preceded the Provisional Government of the French Republic...
). Similarly, he classes the Front National
Front National (France)
The National Front is a political party in France. The party was founded in 1972, seeking to unify a variety of French far-right currents of the time. Jean-Marie Le Pen was the party's first leader and the undisputed centre of the party from its start until his resignation in 2011...
(Le Pen
Le Pen
Le Pen may refer to :*Le Pen , a Breton surname, meaning 'the head'.*Jean-Marie Le Pen, a French politician.*Marine Le Pen, a French politician, daughter of Jean-Marie.*Ulrich Le Pen, a French football player....
's party) in this group. Orléanists he refers to economic liberals
Economic liberalism
Economic liberalism is the ideological belief in giving all people economic freedom, and as such granting people with more basis to control their own lives and make their own mistakes. It is an economic philosophy that supports and promotes individual liberty and choice in economic matters and...
, which characterizes present-day conservative parties. This group presents itself as bourgeois rather than populist.
External links
- L'Académie française
- Intervention Colloque L’Europe en quête de son identité culturelle. Décembre 2005