Richard Altick
Encyclopedia
Richard Daniel Altick was an American literary scholar, known for his pioneering contributions to Victorian Studies
, as well as for championing both the joys and the rigorous methods of literary research.
, an area he would later recall in Of a Place and a Time (1991). He graduated from Franklin and Marshall College in 1936 and received a Ph.D.
in English from the University of Pennsylvania
in 1941 with a dissertation on the 18th-century poet Richard Owen Cambridge
.
He returned to Franklin and Marshall in 1941 to teach, but in 1945 joined the English faculty of Ohio State University
, where he would remain until his retirement in 1982. Altick's graduate course in bibliography and research methods, English 980, became known for the strenuous demands he made upon his students. Many of the materials developed for that course found their way into The Art of Literary Research, published in 1963. Ohio State would ultimately bestow upon Altick the title of Regents Professor of English, the only member of the English department to be so honored.
Despite infirmities that made writing difficult in his last years, he persisted in reviewing books for such papers as the Times Literary Supplement, maintaining correspondence, and assisted other scholars with their work.
, Christopher Marlowe
, and other major figures in English literature.
When Altick began writing about Victorian Britain in the 1950s, the subject had received scant scholarly attention. But the postwar period saw a revival of interest in the Victorians, as signaled by the founding of the journal Victorian Studies
at Indiana University
at Bloomington in 1957, a journal to which Altick was an adviser and contributor from that first issue.
Published that same year, his study, The English Common Reader (1957), showcased what his research methods could achieve. It brought together information about what sorts of books, magazines, newspapers, and ephemera ordinary Britons were reading during the first age of industrialized publishing, and presented it in a clear and thoughtful way. In his subsequent books, curiosity led him to explore a wide variety of subjects, most but not all Victorian, ranging from literary biography to the literary contexts of paintings to London panoramas to sensational murders. Among these, The Shows of London (1978), a study of public entertainments from 1600 to 1862, stands out as a major feat of research. The slender book, Victorian People and Ideas (1980), remains one of the best introductions to the period for undergraduates and general readers. Writers, Readers, and Occasions (1989) brought together essays he had published in various journals over the years. The concluding essay in that volume, "'Tis Forty Years Since," offers a retrospective on the evolution of scholarly interest in the Victorians in the twentieth century, from the perspective of a "scholar adventurer" who had played a major role in fostering that interest.
In retirement, Altick continued to indulge what he called his "incurable itch to set pen to paper" with personal reminiscences as well as major books on the literary uses of paintings, the journalistic contexts of Victorian novels, the Victorian origins of "sensational" crime stories, and the first ten years of Punch
, the British magazine.
Victorian era
The Victorian era of British history was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. It was a long period of peace, prosperity, refined sensibilities and national self-confidence...
, as well as for championing both the joys and the rigorous methods of literary research.
Life
Altick was born in Lancaster, PennsylvaniaLancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster is a city in the south-central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is the county seat of Lancaster County and one of the older inland cities in the United States, . With a population of 59,322, it ranks eighth in population among Pennsylvania's cities...
, an area he would later recall in Of a Place and a Time (1991). He graduated from Franklin and Marshall College in 1936 and received a Ph.D.
Doctor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
in English from the University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania is a private, Ivy League university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States,Penn is the fourth-oldest using the founding dates claimed by each institution...
in 1941 with a dissertation on the 18th-century poet Richard Owen Cambridge
Richard Owen Cambridge
Richard Owen Cambridge was a British poet.Cambridge was born in London. He was educated at Eton and at St John's College, Oxford. Leaving the university without taking a degree, he took up residence at Lincolns Inn in 1737. Four years later he married, and went to live at his country seat of...
.
He returned to Franklin and Marshall in 1941 to teach, but in 1945 joined the English faculty of Ohio State University
Ohio State University
The Ohio State University, commonly referred to as Ohio State, is a public research university located in Columbus, Ohio. It was originally founded in 1870 as a land-grant university and is currently the third largest university campus in the United States...
, where he would remain until his retirement in 1982. Altick's graduate course in bibliography and research methods, English 980, became known for the strenuous demands he made upon his students. Many of the materials developed for that course found their way into The Art of Literary Research, published in 1963. Ohio State would ultimately bestow upon Altick the title of Regents Professor of English, the only member of the English department to be so honored.
Despite infirmities that made writing difficult in his last years, he persisted in reviewing books for such papers as the Times Literary Supplement, maintaining correspondence, and assisted other scholars with their work.
Works
One of Altick's most enduringly popular books was written during his first years at Ohio State: The Scholar Adventurers (1950), a title he coined to describe the literary detectives whose work was resulting in new discoveries about James BoswellJames Boswell
James Boswell, 9th Laird of Auchinleck was a lawyer, diarist, and author born in Edinburgh, Scotland; he is best known for the biography he wrote of one of his contemporaries, the English literary figure Samuel Johnson....
, Christopher Marlowe
Christopher Marlowe
Christopher Marlowe was an English dramatist, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era. As the foremost Elizabethan tragedian, next to William Shakespeare, he is known for his blank verse, his overreaching protagonists, and his mysterious death.A warrant was issued for Marlowe's arrest on 18 May...
, and other major figures in English literature.
When Altick began writing about Victorian Britain in the 1950s, the subject had received scant scholarly attention. But the postwar period saw a revival of interest in the Victorians, as signaled by the founding of the journal Victorian Studies
Victorian Studies
Victorian Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal, published quarterly by Indiana University Press. It covers research on nineteenth-century Britain during the reign of Queen Victoria and publishes essays, forums, and reviews on a variety of topics concerning Victorianism, including...
at Indiana University
Indiana University
Indiana University is a multi-campus public university system in the state of Indiana, United States. Indiana University has a combined student body of more than 100,000 students, including approximately 42,000 students enrolled at the Indiana University Bloomington campus and approximately 37,000...
at Bloomington in 1957, a journal to which Altick was an adviser and contributor from that first issue.
Published that same year, his study, The English Common Reader (1957), showcased what his research methods could achieve. It brought together information about what sorts of books, magazines, newspapers, and ephemera ordinary Britons were reading during the first age of industrialized publishing, and presented it in a clear and thoughtful way. In his subsequent books, curiosity led him to explore a wide variety of subjects, most but not all Victorian, ranging from literary biography to the literary contexts of paintings to London panoramas to sensational murders. Among these, The Shows of London (1978), a study of public entertainments from 1600 to 1862, stands out as a major feat of research. The slender book, Victorian People and Ideas (1980), remains one of the best introductions to the period for undergraduates and general readers. Writers, Readers, and Occasions (1989) brought together essays he had published in various journals over the years. The concluding essay in that volume, "'Tis Forty Years Since," offers a retrospective on the evolution of scholarly interest in the Victorians in the twentieth century, from the perspective of a "scholar adventurer" who had played a major role in fostering that interest.
In retirement, Altick continued to indulge what he called his "incurable itch to set pen to paper" with personal reminiscences as well as major books on the literary uses of paintings, the journalistic contexts of Victorian novels, the Victorian origins of "sensational" crime stories, and the first ten years of Punch
Punch (magazine)
Punch, or the London Charivari was a British weekly magazine of humour and satire established in 1841 by Henry Mayhew and engraver Ebenezer Landells. Historically, it was most influential in the 1840s and 50s, when it helped to coin the term "cartoon" in its modern sense as a humorous illustration...
, the British magazine.
Works
- Professor Koeppen: The Adventures of a Danish Scholar in Athens and America (1938) with H. M. J. Klein
- Richard Owen Cambridge, Belated Augustan: A Dissertation in English (1941)
- A Literary History of England: IV The Nineteenth Century and After (1948) with Samuel Chew
- The Cowden Clarkes (1948)
- The Scholar Adventurers (1950)
- The English Common Reader: A Social History of the Mass Reading Public 1800-1900 (1957)
- Guide to Doctoral Dissertations in Victorian Literature 1886-1958 (1960) with William R. Matthews
- A Selective Bibliography for the Study of English and American Literature (1960) with Andrew Wright
- The Art of Literary Research (1963)
- Diction And Style in Writing (1967)
- Browning's Roman Murder Story: A Reading of The Ring & The Book (1968) with James Loucks
- A Preface to Critical Reading (1946)
- Lives and Letters. A History of Literary Biography in England & America (1969)
- To Be in England: An American Literary Man's Personal View (1969)
- Victorian Studies in Scarlet: Murders and Manners in the Age of Victoria (1970)
- Librarianship and the Pursuit of Truth (1972)
- The Shows of London: A Panoramic History of Exhibitions, 1699-1862 (1978)
- Victorian People And Ideas: A Companion for the Modern Reader of Victorian Literature (1980)
- Paintings from Books. Art and Literature in Britain 1760-1900 (1985)
- Deadly Encounters: Two Victorian Sensations (1986) also as Evil Encounters (UK)
- Writers, Readers and Occasions: Selected Essays on Victorian Literature and Life (1989)
- Of a Place and a Time: Remembering Lancaster (1991)
- The Presence of the Present: Topics of the Day in the Victorian Novel (1991)
- Punch: The Lively History of a British Institution 1842-1851 (1997)
- A Little Bit of Luck: The Making of an Adventurous Scholar (2002)