Richard Badiley
Encyclopedia
Richard Badiley was an English naval officer. He saw service during the First Anglo-Dutch War
.
lists of shipmasters in the 1620s. He first appears as master's mate
of the Increase, at Cadiz
in 1636, when he is described as being aged twenty and of Wapping
. He served as master of the Advance and Peregrine on trading voyages to the eastern Mediterranean in the period 1637–45, and fought actions with Turkish corsairs in 1637, 1640, and 1644. He won particular fame for one such encounter, where with just 44 seamen he apparently defended his ships from 500 'Turks'. He carried out trading voyages to North America as well, and by 1648 had become a younger brother of Trinity House, and by 1654 he was described as a freeman of the Fishmongers' Company. He continued to carry out commercial activities and leased several of his ships to the state. He does not seem to have taken a direct part in the Civil War
, but had strong puritan leanings and associations and is known to have supported parliament, and pressed for freedom and religious reforms.
Of his early service under the parliament, and whether on shore or afloat, nothing is known. His name does not appear in any published list of the parliamentary fleet down to May 1648, but we find him in April 1649 captain of the Happy Entrance and commander-in-chief of the fleet in the Downs
, specially charged with appointing and regulating the convoys of merchant ships and proposing measures to the council of state for capturing or destroying HMS Antelope
, one of the ships which had gone over to the Prince of Wales
, and was lying at Helvoetsluys. The attempt was made with success, and Antelope was destroyed by a party of seamen from Happy Entrance, commanded by her lieutenant, Stephen Rose, to whom a gold medal and a gratuity of 48l. was awarded as encouragement.
On 1 March 1650 he sailed for Portugal, as vice-admiral of Robert Blake's
expedition against Prince Rupert. At one point, having been dispatched with eight ships to revictual at Cadiz, he found and fought six French men-of-war. He sailed for England on 14 October, convoying several rich Portuguese prizes. In the summer of 1651 he served as vice-admiral to Blake in the Downs, guarding against a possible attack to support the Scots' invasion. Following the Scots' defeat at the Battle of Worcester
, he joined Blake with the reduction of Jersey before sailing in the Paragon in December, escorting a convoy to the Mediterranean.
, and so back towards Leghorn, where, having had news of the war with Holland, he hoped to effect a junction with Commodore Henry Appleton
.
Appleton could not or would not stir to meet him, and the Dutch, leaving two ships, which proved sufficient to hold Appleton in check, turned to attack Badiley, who had only four ships with which to oppose the ten or eleven now brought against him; leading to the Battle of Elba
. Off the island of Elba
the fight began about four o'clock in the afternoon of 27 August 1652, and continued till nightfall. The English ships, and the Paragon more especially, were singly superior to any of the Dutch who swarmed round them and endeavoured to carry them by force of numbers. The fighting was mostly hand to hand or at very short range. 'We discharged,' wrote Badiley, 'that day from this ship (the Paragon) 800 pieces of great ordnance, which must have done no small execution, having sometimes two of the enemy's best men-of-war aboard,, and all the rest within pistol and musket shot of us' (31 August) The Paragon had 26 killed and 57 wounded, out of a complement of 250; had fifty shot in the hull, many of them between wind and water, and her masts and rigging cut to pieces. Badiley thought and said that the other ships might and should have taken some of the pressure off the Paragon; but in fact they were severally as hard pressed as the Paragon, and had not her size and strength. They fired away almost all their ammunition, and towards evening the Dutch succeeded in capturing the Phoenix
. And so the fight ended; the English going the next day into Porto Longone in Elba. The Dutch contemplated attacking them there, and offered the governor a large sum of money to permit them. He, however, refused it, and allowed Badiley to strengthen his position by throwing up some batteries and landing some of his ship's guns.
Towards the end of October Badiley received orders from home to take command of the squadron at Leghorn, and, crossing over, he concerted measures with Appleton for the recapture of the Phoenix, the success of which led to the Grand Duke's ordering the English to quit the port. This they did, and were, with one exception, all captured by the Dutch, before Badiley, who was in the offing, but to leeward, could offer any assistance. After this there was nothing further to be done but to provide for the safety of the remaining ships, and Badiley accordingly went down the Mediterranean, and so home, arriving in the Downs in the early days of May 1653. His men, he wrote, were very turbulent and mutinous, refused all compromise, and were determined to go into the river to be paid off. They obtained their demands. 'We are paying off the Straits fleet,' wrote Commissioner Pett from Chatham on 1 June; 'they are the rudest people I ever saw. I hope the ring-leaders will be called to account.' About 120 of them were, however, immediately shipped off to join the main fleet with Blake. 'I have had no small trouble to quiet them,' wrote Major Bourne on 4 June; 'they are so enraged that they are sent away. I have promised them that as soon as the exigency of affairs permits they shall enjoy the liberty granted them.'
, and was then transferred to the Andrew
, in which, as second to Blake, he went to the Mediterranean, and was engaged in the reduction of Tunis
and the liberation of English captives along the northern coast of Africa. The Andrew came home and was paid off in the autumn of 1655.
as vice-admiral in the command of the fleet in the Downs. This ended his service. In April 1657 he was living at Milk Yard, Wapping, in poor health, and he died there ‘of an ulcer’ on 7 or 11 August. He was buried on 14 August at St John-at-Wapping.
William Badiley, presumably his elder brother, was for many years master attendant at Woolwich.
First Anglo-Dutch War
The First Anglo–Dutch War was the first of the four Anglo–Dutch Wars. It was fought entirely at sea between the navies of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces of the Netherlands. Caused by disputes over trade, the war began with English attacks on Dutch merchant shipping, but...
.
Early service
He was a merchant, ship-owner, and ship-captain, probably related to several Badileys who, appear in Trinity HouseTrinity House
The Corporation of Trinity House of Deptford Strond is the official General Lighthouse Authority for England, Wales and other British territorial waters...
lists of shipmasters in the 1620s. He first appears as master's mate
Master's mate
Master's mate is an obsolete rating which was used by the Royal Navy, United States Navy and merchant services in both countries for a senior petty officer who assisted the master...
of the Increase, at Cadiz
Cádiz
Cadiz is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the homonymous province, one of eight which make up the autonomous community of Andalusia....
in 1636, when he is described as being aged twenty and of Wapping
Wapping
Wapping is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets which forms part of the Docklands to the east of the City of London. It is situated between the north bank of the River Thames and the ancient thoroughfare simply called The Highway...
. He served as master of the Advance and Peregrine on trading voyages to the eastern Mediterranean in the period 1637–45, and fought actions with Turkish corsairs in 1637, 1640, and 1644. He won particular fame for one such encounter, where with just 44 seamen he apparently defended his ships from 500 'Turks'. He carried out trading voyages to North America as well, and by 1648 had become a younger brother of Trinity House, and by 1654 he was described as a freeman of the Fishmongers' Company. He continued to carry out commercial activities and leased several of his ships to the state. He does not seem to have taken a direct part in the Civil War
English Civil War
The English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists...
, but had strong puritan leanings and associations and is known to have supported parliament, and pressed for freedom and religious reforms.
Of his early service under the parliament, and whether on shore or afloat, nothing is known. His name does not appear in any published list of the parliamentary fleet down to May 1648, but we find him in April 1649 captain of the Happy Entrance and commander-in-chief of the fleet in the Downs
The Downs
The Downs are a roadstead or area of sea in the southern North Sea near the English Channel off the east Kent coast, between the North and the South Foreland in southern England. In 1639 the Battle of the Downs took place here, when the Dutch navy destroyed a Spanish fleet which had sought refuge...
, specially charged with appointing and regulating the convoys of merchant ships and proposing measures to the council of state for capturing or destroying HMS Antelope
HMS Antelope (1546)
The Antelope was originally built as a galleass of the English Tudor navy, launched in 1546. She was rebuilt three times, in 1558 , 1581 and 1618. She thus served in various forms from the time of King Henry VIII to the English Civil War...
, one of the ships which had gone over to the Prince of Wales
Charles II of England
Charles II was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland.Charles II's father, King Charles I, was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War...
, and was lying at Helvoetsluys. The attempt was made with success, and Antelope was destroyed by a party of seamen from Happy Entrance, commanded by her lieutenant, Stephen Rose, to whom a gold medal and a gratuity of 48l. was awarded as encouragement.
On 1 March 1650 he sailed for Portugal, as vice-admiral of Robert Blake's
Robert Blake (admiral)
Robert Blake was one of the most important military commanders of the Commonwealth of England and one of the most famous English admirals of the 17th century. Blake is recognised as the chief founder of England's naval supremacy, a dominance subsequently inherited by the British Royal Navy into...
expedition against Prince Rupert. At one point, having been dispatched with eight ships to revictual at Cadiz, he found and fought six French men-of-war. He sailed for England on 14 October, convoying several rich Portuguese prizes. In the summer of 1651 he served as vice-admiral to Blake in the Downs, guarding against a possible attack to support the Scots' invasion. Following the Scots' defeat at the Battle of Worcester
Battle of Worcester
The Battle of Worcester took place on 3 September 1651 at Worcester, England and was the final battle of the English Civil War. Oliver Cromwell and the Parliamentarians defeated the Royalist, predominantly Scottish, forces of King Charles II...
, he joined Blake with the reduction of Jersey before sailing in the Paragon in December, escorting a convoy to the Mediterranean.
Anglo-Dutch War
On 14 February 1651-2 he over-hauled an Algerine corsair, and having the greater force took out of her all the English captives. He then passed on to Zante, to SmyrnaSmyrna
Smyrna was an ancient city located at a central and strategic point on the Aegean coast of Anatolia. Thanks to its advantageous port conditions, its ease of defence and its good inland connections, Smyrna rose to prominence. The ancient city is located at two sites within modern İzmir, Turkey...
, and so back towards Leghorn, where, having had news of the war with Holland, he hoped to effect a junction with Commodore Henry Appleton
Henry Appleton (captain)
Henry Appleton was an English captain in the navy and commodore.-Biography:He was a townsman and presumably a native of Hull; but his name does not appear in any list of naval officers during the civil war or until 26 September 1650, when an order was sent by the parliament to the council of state...
.
Appleton could not or would not stir to meet him, and the Dutch, leaving two ships, which proved sufficient to hold Appleton in check, turned to attack Badiley, who had only four ships with which to oppose the ten or eleven now brought against him; leading to the Battle of Elba
Battle of Elba
The naval Battle of Elba was a naval battle which took place on 6 September 1652 between a Dutch fleet under Johan van Galen and an English fleet under Richard Badiley.- Battle :...
. Off the island of Elba
Elba
Elba is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, from the coastal town of Piombino. The largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago, Elba is also part of the National Park of the Tuscan Archipelago and the third largest island in Italy after Sicily and Sardinia...
the fight began about four o'clock in the afternoon of 27 August 1652, and continued till nightfall. The English ships, and the Paragon more especially, were singly superior to any of the Dutch who swarmed round them and endeavoured to carry them by force of numbers. The fighting was mostly hand to hand or at very short range. 'We discharged,' wrote Badiley, 'that day from this ship (the Paragon) 800 pieces of great ordnance, which must have done no small execution, having sometimes two of the enemy's best men-of-war aboard,, and all the rest within pistol and musket shot of us' (31 August) The Paragon had 26 killed and 57 wounded, out of a complement of 250; had fifty shot in the hull, many of them between wind and water, and her masts and rigging cut to pieces. Badiley thought and said that the other ships might and should have taken some of the pressure off the Paragon; but in fact they were severally as hard pressed as the Paragon, and had not her size and strength. They fired away almost all their ammunition, and towards evening the Dutch succeeded in capturing the Phoenix
HMS Phoenix (1647)
HMS Phoenix was a fourth rate frigate of the English Royal Navy, built by Peter Pett II at Woolwich and launched in 1647. The term 'frigate' during the period of this ship referred to a method of construction, rather than a role which did not develop until the following century...
. And so the fight ended; the English going the next day into Porto Longone in Elba. The Dutch contemplated attacking them there, and offered the governor a large sum of money to permit them. He, however, refused it, and allowed Badiley to strengthen his position by throwing up some batteries and landing some of his ship's guns.
Towards the end of October Badiley received orders from home to take command of the squadron at Leghorn, and, crossing over, he concerted measures with Appleton for the recapture of the Phoenix, the success of which led to the Grand Duke's ordering the English to quit the port. This they did, and were, with one exception, all captured by the Dutch, before Badiley, who was in the offing, but to leeward, could offer any assistance. After this there was nothing further to be done but to provide for the safety of the remaining ships, and Badiley accordingly went down the Mediterranean, and so home, arriving in the Downs in the early days of May 1653. His men, he wrote, were very turbulent and mutinous, refused all compromise, and were determined to go into the river to be paid off. They obtained their demands. 'We are paying off the Straits fleet,' wrote Commissioner Pett from Chatham on 1 June; 'they are the rudest people I ever saw. I hope the ring-leaders will be called to account.' About 120 of them were, however, immediately shipped off to join the main fleet with Blake. 'I have had no small trouble to quiet them,' wrote Major Bourne on 4 June; 'they are so enraged that they are sent away. I have promised them that as soon as the exigency of affairs permits they shall enjoy the liberty granted them.'
Rear-Admiral
The campaign in the Mediterranean had ended so disastrously, and Appleton was so vehement in his accusations, that Badiley's conduct was formally inquired into. The charges recoiled on Appleton, and Badiley was not only cleared of all blame but was on 7 December promoted to be rear-admiral of the fleet, a rank equivalent then to what was afterwards known as admiral of the blue squadron. He served for a few mouths in the VanguardHMS Vanguard (1631)
HMS Vanguard was a 40-gun ship of the English Royal Navy, launched in 1631 at Woolwich, and was the second vessel to bear the name. Officially she was rebuilt from the first Vanguard, but likely only shared some of the timber and fittings from the previous ship. By 1660, her armament had been...
, and was then transferred to the Andrew
HMS St Andrew (1622)
HMS St Andrew was a 42-gun great ship of the English Royal Navy, built by Andrew Burrell at Deptford and launched in 1622. By 1660, she was armed with 56 guns.St Andrew was wrecked in 1666....
, in which, as second to Blake, he went to the Mediterranean, and was engaged in the reduction of Tunis
Tunis
Tunis is the capital of both the Tunisian Republic and the Tunis Governorate. It is Tunisia's largest city, with a population of 728,453 as of 2004; the greater metropolitan area holds some 2,412,500 inhabitants....
and the liberation of English captives along the northern coast of Africa. The Andrew came home and was paid off in the autumn of 1655.
Later life
In the summer of 1656 Badiley superseded John LawsonJohn Lawson (Naval officer)
Sir John Lawson was an English Naval Officer and Republican.Lawson was in command of ships in the parliament's service during and after the English Civil War, 1642-6, 1651-3, 1654-6. He was dismissed from the public service, apparently on political grounds in 1656...
as vice-admiral in the command of the fleet in the Downs. This ended his service. In April 1657 he was living at Milk Yard, Wapping, in poor health, and he died there ‘of an ulcer’ on 7 or 11 August. He was buried on 14 August at St John-at-Wapping.
William Badiley, presumably his elder brother, was for many years master attendant at Woolwich.