Rohatyn
Encyclopedia
Rohatyn is a city
located on the Hnyla Lypa River in the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
, in western Ukraine
. It is the administrative center
of the Rohatyn Raion (district
).
The current estimated population is around 8,800 (as of 2001).
rule, it was granted the Magdeburg rights
, and subsequently developed into an important trading and manufacturing town. In 1520 Roxolana, a native of Rohatyn, was captured there by the Tatars
and sold to the Turkish
sultan
of which she became first concubine, then haseki
and finally official wife. In the 16th century a renowned school of icon
painting arose in Rohatyn, and in the 1580s an Orthodox brotherhood was founded obtaining the stauropegion (a monastery exempt from the control of the local bishop) status. After the First Partition of Poland
in 1772, Rohatyn was annexed by Austria
, and became a county center. A Ukrainian gymnasium was established there in 1909, and a minor theological seminary in 1931. During the interwar period
the town was under Polish rule. In 1939 it became part of Soviet Ukraine and was granted city status. Today it is an important highway junction; 26 percent of its inhabitants work in the transportation industry.
Regional orientation
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
located on the Hnyla Lypa River in the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast is an oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. As is the case with most other oblasts of Ukraine this region has the same name as its administrative center – which was renamed by the Soviets after the Ukrainian writer, nationalist...
, in western Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. It is the administrative center
Capital City
Capital City was a television show produced by Euston Films which focused on the lives of investment bankers in London living and working on the corporate trading floor for the fictional international bank Shane-Longman....
of the Rohatyn Raion (district
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
).
The current estimated population is around 8,800 (as of 2001).
History
It was first mentioned in historical documents in the 12th century. Its name seems to be derived from Ruthenia, name of the region of location. In 1415, under PolishPoland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
rule, it was granted the Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg Rights or Magdeburg Law were a set of German town laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted by a local ruler. Modelled and named after the laws of the German city of Magdeburg and developed during many centuries of the Holy Roman Empire, it was...
, and subsequently developed into an important trading and manufacturing town. In 1520 Roxolana, a native of Rohatyn, was captured there by the Tatars
Tatars
Tatars are a Turkic speaking ethnic group , numbering roughly 7 million.The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of around 5.5 million, about 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan.Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,...
and sold to the Turkish
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
sultan
Sultan
Sultan is a title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", and "dictatorship", derived from the masdar سلطة , meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who...
of which she became first concubine, then haseki
Haseki
Haseki was the favourite concubine of an Ottoman Emperor in the times of Ottoman Empire. The haseki had an important place in the palace, being the second most powerful woman of the harem after the valide sultan, the mother of the emperor. Hasekis usually had chambers close to the Emperor's chamber...
and finally official wife. In the 16th century a renowned school of icon
Icon
An icon is a religious work of art, most commonly a painting, from Eastern Christianity and in certain Eastern Catholic churches...
painting arose in Rohatyn, and in the 1580s an Orthodox brotherhood was founded obtaining the stauropegion (a monastery exempt from the control of the local bishop) status. After the First Partition of Poland
First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland or First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. Growth in the Russian Empire's power, threatening the Kingdom of Prussia and the...
in 1772, Rohatyn was annexed by Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
, and became a county center. A Ukrainian gymnasium was established there in 1909, and a minor theological seminary in 1931. During the interwar period
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland refers to Poland between the two world wars; a period in Polish history in which Poland was restored as an independent state. Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland , the Polish state was...
the town was under Polish rule. In 1939 it became part of Soviet Ukraine and was granted city status. Today it is an important highway junction; 26 percent of its inhabitants work in the transportation industry.
Monuments
- stone Church of the Nativity of the TheotokosTheotokosTheotokos is the Greek title of Mary, the mother of Jesus used especially in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic Churches. Its literal English translations include God-bearer and the one who gives birth to God. Less literal translations include Mother of God...
(end of the 14th century) - remnants of the town walls and gate from the 13th and 14th centuries
- wooden Church of the Holy Spirit (1644–5) with a magnificent iconostasisIconostasisIn Eastern Christianity an iconostasis is a wall of icons and religious paintings, separating the nave from the sanctuary in a church. Iconostasis also refers to a portable icon stand that can be placed anywhere within a church...
(1647–50) - the ruins of the Dominican monastery (1614)
- Roman Catholic Saint Nicholas’s Church in the Renaissance style (1666)
- wooden Saint Nicholas's Church (1729).
Location
Local orientationRegional orientation