Roman Catholic Diocese of Tivoli
Encyclopedia
The diocese of Tivoli is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Latium
, Italy
, which has existed since the 2nd century. In 2002 territory was added to it from the Territorial Abbey of Subiaco
. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Rome.
was strongly fortified by Belisarius
in the Gothic War, but almost destroyed by Totila
in 340. After the Lombard invasion it was in the power of the Byzantines and formed part of the patrimony of St. Peter. It had a count, representing the emperor. In 916 Pope John X
won a victory there over the Saracens.
It rebelled at times against the popes, under Emperor Henry IV and Emperor Henry V, and against Pope Innocent II
; at other times it fought against the Roman rebels, as under Pope Eugene III
and Pope Adrian IV
. In the 13th century the Senate of Rome succeeded (under Pope Innocent IV
) in imposing a tribute on the city, and arrogated to itself the right of appointing a count to govern it in conjunction with the local consuls.
In the 14th century it sided with the Guelphs and strongly supported Pope Urban VI
against Pope Clement VII
. King Ladislaus of Naples was twice, and later Braccio da Montone
once, repulsed from the city. But its strength was undermined by internal factions, in consequence of which Pope Pius II
constructed the fortress which still exists. Pope Alexander VI
withdrew it from the jurisdiction of the Roman Senate. In 1527 it was sacked by bands of the supporters of the emperor and the Colonna, important archives being destroyed during the attack. In 1547 it was again occupied by the Duke of Alba
in a war against Pope Paul IV
, and in 1744 by the Austrians
.
The first known bishop was Candidus (465); among his successors were:
Latium
Lazio is one of the 20 administrative regions of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country. With about 5.7 million residents and a GDP of more than 170 billion euros, Lazio is the third most populated and the second richest region of Italy...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, which has existed since the 2nd century. In 2002 territory was added to it from the Territorial Abbey of Subiaco
Subiaco, Italy
Subiaco is a town and comune in the Province of Rome, in Lazio, Italy, from Tivoli alongside the river Aniene. It is mainly renowned as a tourist and religious resort for its sacred grotto , in the St. Benedict's Abbey, and the other Abbey of St. Scholastica...
. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Rome.
History
TivoliTivoli, Italy
Tivoli , the classical Tibur, is an ancient Italian town in Lazio, about 30 km east-north-east of Rome, at the falls of the Aniene river where it issues from the Sabine hills...
was strongly fortified by Belisarius
Belisarius
Flavius Belisarius was a general of the Byzantine Empire. He was instrumental to Emperor Justinian's ambitious project of reconquering much of the Mediterranean territory of the former Western Roman Empire, which had been lost less than a century previously....
in the Gothic War, but almost destroyed by Totila
Totila
Totila, original name Baduila was King of the Ostrogoths from 541 to 552 AD. A skilled military and political leader, Totila reversed the tide of Gothic War, recovering by 543 almost all the territories in Italy that the Eastern Roman Empire had captured from his Kingdom in 540.A relative of...
in 340. After the Lombard invasion it was in the power of the Byzantines and formed part of the patrimony of St. Peter. It had a count, representing the emperor. In 916 Pope John X
Pope John X
Pope John X, Pope from March 914 to May 928, was deacon at Bologna when he attracted the attention of Theodora, the wife of Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, the most powerful noble in Rome, through whose influence he was elevated first to the see of Bologna and then to the archbishopric of...
won a victory there over the Saracens.
It rebelled at times against the popes, under Emperor Henry IV and Emperor Henry V, and against Pope Innocent II
Pope Innocent II
Pope Innocent II , born Gregorio Papareschi, was pope from 1130 to 1143, and was probably one of the clergy in personal attendance on the antipope Clement III .-Early years:...
; at other times it fought against the Roman rebels, as under Pope Eugene III
Pope Eugene III
Pope Blessed Eugene III , born Bernardo da Pisa, was Pope from 1145 to 1153. He was the first Cistercian to become Pope.-Early life:...
and Pope Adrian IV
Pope Adrian IV
Pope Adrian IV , born Nicholas Breakspear or Breakspeare, was Pope from 1154 to 1159.Adrian IV is the only Englishman who has occupied the papal chair...
. In the 13th century the Senate of Rome succeeded (under Pope Innocent IV
Pope Innocent IV
Pope Innocent IV , born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was pope from June 25, 1243 until his death in 1254.-Early life:...
) in imposing a tribute on the city, and arrogated to itself the right of appointing a count to govern it in conjunction with the local consuls.
In the 14th century it sided with the Guelphs and strongly supported Pope Urban VI
Pope Urban VI
Pope Urban VI , born Bartolomeo Prignano, was Pope from 1378 to 1389.-Biography:Born in Itri, he was a devout monk and learned casuist, trained at Avignon. On March 21, 1364, he was consecrated Archbishop of Acerenza in the Kingdom of Naples...
against Pope Clement VII
Pope Clement VII
Clement VII , born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was a cardinal from 1513 to 1523 and was Pope from 1523 to 1534.-Early life:...
. King Ladislaus of Naples was twice, and later Braccio da Montone
Braccio da Montone
frame|Braccio da Montone.Braccio da Montone , born Andrea Fortebracci, and also known as Braccio Fortebraccio, was an Italian condottiero.-Biography:...
once, repulsed from the city. But its strength was undermined by internal factions, in consequence of which Pope Pius II
Pope Pius II
Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini was Pope from August 19, 1458 until his death in 1464. Pius II was born at Corsignano in the Sienese territory of a noble but decayed family...
constructed the fortress which still exists. Pope Alexander VI
Pope Alexander VI
Pope Alexander VI , born Roderic Llançol i Borja was Pope from 1492 until his death on 18 August 1503. He is one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, and his Italianized surname—Borgia—became a byword for the debased standards of the Papacy of that era, most notoriously the Banquet...
withdrew it from the jurisdiction of the Roman Senate. In 1527 it was sacked by bands of the supporters of the emperor and the Colonna, important archives being destroyed during the attack. In 1547 it was again occupied by the Duke of Alba
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba
Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3rd Duke of Alba was a Spanish general and governor of the Spanish Netherlands , nicknamed "the Iron Duke" in the Low Countries because of his harsh and cruel rule there and his role in the execution of his political opponents and the massacre of several...
in a war against Pope Paul IV
Pope Paul IV
Pope Paul IV, C.R. , né Giovanni Pietro Carafa, was Pope from 23 May 1555 until his death.-Early life:Giovanni Pietro Carafa was born in Capriglia Irpina, near Avellino, into a prominent noble family of Naples...
, and in 1744 by the Austrians
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
.
The first known bishop was Candidus (465); among his successors were:
- Gaulterus (1000), under whom the feast of St. Lawrence, patron of the city, was instituted;
- Guido of Pisa (1124–1139) - during whose episcopacy the see of Tivoli belonged to the suburbicarian sees
- Otto (1148), during whose episcopacy Eugene IV died at Tivoli;
- Giovanni da Gabenna O. P. (1337), who died in the odour of sanctity;
- Filippo de' Rufini, O. P. (1367), sent by the Romans to Gregory IX to induce him to return to Rome;
- Fra Lorenzo, O. M. (1450), reformer of the clergy;
- Cardinal Giulio RomaGiulio RomaGiulio Roma was an Italian Catholic Cardinal and Bishop of Recanati and Loreto.Roma was born 16 September 1584, in Milan, one of 16 children born to noble parents and was educated at the University of Pavia and the University of PerugiaAt a young age he became a chamberlain to Cardinal Federico...
(1634), restorer of the cathedral and founder of the seminary; - Cardinal Marcello di Santacroce (1652), who completed the work of his predecessor;
- Gregorio Barnaba Chiaramonti (1782), afterwards Pius VII.