Rudbar
Encyclopedia
Rudbar is a city in and the capital of Rudbar County
, Gilan Province
, Iran
. At the 2006 census, its population was 11,454, in 3,303 families.
Rudbar is 268 kilometres (167 mi) from Tehran
and with a variable climate. It is located on the fringes of a valley through which the Sefid River
(Rud-e Safid) flows. Rudbar can be considered as a gateway to the Gīlān Province from central Iran.
Its name (meaning "by the river" in Persian) is a reference to the river named Sepid Rood (Sepid Roud) that passes by the town. Rudbar is also called "Roodbar Zeitoun (olive
)" for the olive gardens in the area.
Rudbar's local economy notably includes olives and olive-based products. Groves of olive trees surround the city. Olive oil is produced locally. Rudbar is also known for its cream-hued, handcrafted carpets of fine quality. Despite the olive gardens that may suggest presence of a Mediterranean climate, the winters are very cold in the area. The winds in the Sepid Rood valley (Manjil
) are well known in the country.
Many of the people of Rudbar are Tats
and speak Tati
.
. The Marlik bowl, a famous archeological artifact and one of the oldest gold bowls in the world from 1st millennium BC
, was found there. With the advent of Islam
, tribes from Damascus
and Halab immigrated and became settlers there. Later, Nizari
Isma'ili da'wa made inroads and eventually established a Hashshashin
stronghold. In the era of Nader Shah Afshar
, groups from the Kurds of Quchan
and areas of northern Khorassan
also settled there.
Rudbar was near the epicenter of the Manjil-Rudbar earthquake
of magnitude 7.3 Richter
(MS=7.7, MW=7.3, mb=6.4) at 12:31am local time on June 21, 1990, that killed at least 6,000 and injured 10,000 city residents. Despite reconstruction, it has not regained its former glory.
Rudbar or Rubar County was formed after a meeting between some Rudbari politicians such as Ziaeddin Tavakkoli
and Reza Shah
.
Rudbar County
Rudbar County is a county in Gilan Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Rudbar. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 101,884, in 27,902 families. The county is subdivided into four districts: the Central District, Rahmatabad and Blukat District, Amarlu District, and Khorgam...
, Gilan Province
Gilan Province
Gilan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It lies along the Caspian Sea, just west of the province of Mazandaran, east of the province of Ardabil, north of the provinces of Zanjan and Qazvin....
, Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
. At the 2006 census, its population was 11,454, in 3,303 families.
Rudbar is 268 kilometres (167 mi) from Tehran
Tehran
Tehran , sometimes spelled Teheran, is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With an estimated population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, one of the largest cities in Western Asia, and is the world's 19th largest city.In the 20th century, Tehran was subject to...
and with a variable climate. It is located on the fringes of a valley through which the Sefid River
Sefid River
The Sefīd-Rūd is a river approximately long, rising in northwestern Iran and flowing generally northeast to meet the Caspian Sea at Rasht. The river is Iran's second longest river after the Karun....
(Rud-e Safid) flows. Rudbar can be considered as a gateway to the Gīlān Province from central Iran.
Its name (meaning "by the river" in Persian) is a reference to the river named Sepid Rood (Sepid Roud) that passes by the town. Rudbar is also called "Roodbar Zeitoun (olive
Olive
The olive , Olea europaea), is a species of a small tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean Basin as well as northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian Sea.Its fruit, also called the olive, is of major agricultural importance in the...
)" for the olive gardens in the area.
Rudbar's local economy notably includes olives and olive-based products. Groves of olive trees surround the city. Olive oil is produced locally. Rudbar is also known for its cream-hued, handcrafted carpets of fine quality. Despite the olive gardens that may suggest presence of a Mediterranean climate, the winters are very cold in the area. The winds in the Sepid Rood valley (Manjil
Manjil
Manjil is a city in the Central District of Rudbar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16,028, in 4,447 families.-History and Geography:Manjil is located between N36º45´18˝-N36º41´42˝ and E49º23´6˝ and E49º31´ 48˝...
) are well known in the country.
Many of the people of Rudbar are Tats
Tats
Tats are an Iranian people, presently living within Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Russia ....
and speak Tati
Tati
Tati can refer to:* Tati Concessions Land, in present Botswana* Tati language, a disambiguation page* Tats, an Iranian people* Tati , a stringed instrument used in traditional folk music by the Naga people in North Eastern India and north-western Myanmar* Tati a 2005 album by Italian trumpeter...
.
History
The civilization of Rudbar and its surroundings date back to 2000 years BCECommon Era
Common Era ,abbreviated as CE, is an alternative designation for the calendar era originally introduced by Dionysius Exiguus in the 6th century, traditionally identified with Anno Domini .Dates before the year 1 CE are indicated by the usage of BCE, short for Before the Common Era Common Era...
. The Marlik bowl, a famous archeological artifact and one of the oldest gold bowls in the world from 1st millennium BC
1st millennium BC
The 1st millennium BC encompasses the Iron Age and sees the rise of many successive empires, and spanned from 1000 BC to 1 BC.The Neo-Assyrian Empire, followed by the Achaemenids. In Greece, Classical Antiquity begins with the colonization of Magna Graecia and peaks with the rise of Hellenism. The...
, was found there. With the advent of Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
, tribes from Damascus
Damascus
Damascus , commonly known in Syria as Al Sham , and as the City of Jasmine , is the capital and the second largest city of Syria after Aleppo, both are part of the country's 14 governorates. In addition to being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Damascus is a major...
and Halab immigrated and became settlers there. Later, Nizari
Nizari
'The Shī‘a Imami Ismā‘īlī Tariqah also referred to as the Ismā‘īlī or Nizārī , is a path of Shī‘a Islām, emphasizing social justice, pluralism, and human reason within the framework of the mystical tradition of Islam. The Nizari are the second largest branch of Shia Islam and form the majority...
Isma'ili da'wa made inroads and eventually established a Hashshashin
Hashshashin
The Assassins were an order of Nizari Ismailis, particularly those of Persia that existed from around 1092 to 1265...
stronghold. In the era of Nader Shah Afshar
Nader Shah
Nāder Shāh Afshār ruled as Shah of Iran and was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty. Because of his military genius, some historians have described him as the Napoleon of Persia or the Second Alexander...
, groups from the Kurds of Quchan
Quchan
Quchan is a city in and capital of Quchan County, in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. It is located due south of the border city of Ashgabat. At the 2006 census, its population was 96,953, in 25,066 families.-Population:...
and areas of northern Khorassan
Greater Khorasan
Greater Khorasan or Ancient Khorasan is a historical region of Greater Iran mentioned in sources from Sassanid and Islamic eras which "frequently" had a denotation wider than current three provinces of Khorasan in Iran...
also settled there.
Rudbar was near the epicenter of the Manjil-Rudbar earthquake
1990 Manjil-Rudbar earthquake
The Manjil-Rudbar Earthquake occurred at 00:30:09 on June 21, 1990 . It caused widespread damage in areas within a one hundred kilometer radius of the epicenter near the city of Rasht and about two hundred kilometers northwest of Tehran. The cities of Rudbar, Manjil, and Lushan and 700 villages...
of magnitude 7.3 Richter
Richter
Richter can refer to:* the Richter magnitude scale, a scale measuring the strength of earthquakes.* Richter , an electro-rock band from Buenos Aires, Argentina.-Richter as a surname:...
(MS=7.7, MW=7.3, mb=6.4) at 12:31am local time on June 21, 1990, that killed at least 6,000 and injured 10,000 city residents. Despite reconstruction, it has not regained its former glory.
Shahrestan Rudbar
ShahrestanShahrestan
Shahrestan or Shahristan may refer to:*Counties of Iran*Shahristan District*Shahrestan, Afghanistan...
Rudbar or Rubar County was formed after a meeting between some Rudbari politicians such as Ziaeddin Tavakkoli
Ziaeddin Tavakkoli
Ziaeddin Tavakkoli Bivarzeni , was a Northern Iranian Politician and Merchant. He was one of the guys that tried to encourage Reza Shah the Iranian king to approve Rudbar as a Shahrestan....
and Reza Shah
Reza Shah
Rezā Shāh, also known as Rezā Shāh Pahlavi and Rezā Shāh Kabir , , was the Shah of the Imperial State of Iran from December 15, 1925, until he was forced to abdicate by the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran on September 16, 1941.In 1925, Reza Shah overthrew Ahmad Shah Qajar, the last Shah of the Qajar...
.