Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria
Encyclopedia
Rudolf I of Bavaria a member of the Wittelsbach
dynasty, was Duke of Bavaria
and Count Palatine of the Rhine (1294–1317). Rudolf was the son of Louis II
, Duke of Upper Bavaria, and Matilda
, a daughter of King Rudolph I
.
.
He succeeded his father in 1294 and supported his father-in-law king Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg
against his uncle, the Habsburg
Albert of Austria
. After Adolf’s death Rudolf joined Albert’s party but the strong dynastic policy of the new king caused a new conflict. Since Albert put pressure on Rudolf he had to accept his younger brother Louis IV
as co-regent in 1301. After Albert’s assassination in 1308 Rudolf voted for Henry of Luxemburg
and then accompanied the new king to Italy.
A civil war against his brother Louis IV due to new disputes on the partition of their lands was ended in 1313, when peace was made at Munich. Louis IV was elected German king in 1314 but Rudolf had voted for his opponent Frederick of Austria
. In 1317 after another long controversy with Louis IV he lost the Palatinate and it was agreed that Rudolf gave up his rule until the conflict of Louis with Habsburg was ended. But then Rudolf died in 1319, presumably in England
.
But by the Treaty of Pavia
in 1329, Louis granted the Palatinate
to Rudolf’s sons Rudolf II the Blind
and Rupert I
and Rudolf’s grandson Rupert II, a son of Adolf
. This way finally Rudolf I and his grandson Rupert II became the ancestors of the older (Palatinate) line of the Wittelsbach dynasty, which returned to power also in Bavaria in 1777 after the extinction of the younger (Bavarian) line, the descendants of Louis IV.
1 September 1294 to Mechtild of Nassau
, daughter of king Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg
and had the following children:
Wittelsbach
The Wittelsbach family is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria.Members of the family served as Dukes, Electors and Kings of Bavaria , Counts Palatine of the Rhine , Margraves of Brandenburg , Counts of Holland, Hainaut and Zeeland , Elector-Archbishops of Cologne , Dukes of...
dynasty, was Duke of Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
and Count Palatine of the Rhine (1294–1317). Rudolf was the son of Louis II
Louis II, Duke of Bavaria
Duke Louis II of Bavaria was Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1253. Born in Heidelberg, he was a son of duke Otto II and Agnes of the Palatinate...
, Duke of Upper Bavaria, and Matilda
Matilda of Habsburg
Matilda of Habsburg or Melchilde was the eldest daughter of Rudolph I of Germany and Gertrude of Hohenburg...
, a daughter of King Rudolph I
Rudolph I of Germany
Rudolph I was King of the Romans from 1273 until his death. He played a vital role in raising the Habsburg dynasty to a leading position among the Imperial feudal dynasties...
.
Life
Rudolf was born in BaselBasel
Basel or Basle In the national languages of Switzerland the city is also known as Bâle , Basilea and Basilea is Switzerland's third most populous city with about 166,000 inhabitants. Located where the Swiss, French and German borders meet, Basel also has suburbs in France and Germany...
.
He succeeded his father in 1294 and supported his father-in-law king Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg
Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg
Adolf was the King of Germany from 1292 until 1298. Though his title in his lifetime was Rex Romanorum , he is usually known as Adolf of Nassau...
against his uncle, the Habsburg
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg , also found as Hapsburg, and also known as House of Austria is one of the most important royal houses of Europe and is best known for being an origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1438 and 1740, as well as rulers of the Austrian Empire and...
Albert of Austria
Albert I of Germany
Albert I of Habsburg was King of the Romans and Duke of Austria, the eldest son of German King Rudolph I of Habsburg and his first wife Gertrude of Hohenburg.-Life:...
. After Adolf’s death Rudolf joined Albert’s party but the strong dynastic policy of the new king caused a new conflict. Since Albert put pressure on Rudolf he had to accept his younger brother Louis IV
Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Louis IV , called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was the King of Germany from 1314, the King of Italy from 1327 and the Holy Roman Emperor from 1328....
as co-regent in 1301. After Albert’s assassination in 1308 Rudolf voted for Henry of Luxemburg
Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry VII was the King of Germany from 1308 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1312. He was the first emperor of the House of Luxembourg...
and then accompanied the new king to Italy.
A civil war against his brother Louis IV due to new disputes on the partition of their lands was ended in 1313, when peace was made at Munich. Louis IV was elected German king in 1314 but Rudolf had voted for his opponent Frederick of Austria
Frederick I of Austria (Habsburg)
Frederick the Handsome or the Fair , from the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria and Styria from 1308 as Frederick I as well as King of Germany from 1314 as Frederick III until his death.-Biography:He was the second son of King Albert I of Germany with his wife Elisabeth of...
. In 1317 after another long controversy with Louis IV he lost the Palatinate and it was agreed that Rudolf gave up his rule until the conflict of Louis with Habsburg was ended. But then Rudolf died in 1319, presumably in England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
.
But by the Treaty of Pavia
Treaty of Pavia (1329)
The Treaty of Pavia which divided the House of Wittelsbach two branches, was signed in Pavia in 1329. Under the accord, Emperor Louis IV granted during his stay in Italy the Palatinate including the Bavarian Upper Palatinate to his brother Duke Rudolph's descendants, Rudolph II, Rupert I and...
in 1329, Louis granted the Palatinate
Count palatine
Count palatine is a high noble title, used to render several comital styles, in some cases also shortened to Palatine, which can have other meanings as well.-Comes palatinus:...
to Rudolf’s sons Rudolf II the Blind
Rudolf II, Duke of Bavaria
Rudolf II "the blind" was Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1329 to 1353....
and Rupert I
Rupert I, Elector Palatine of the Rhine
Rupert I, "the Red" , Elector Palatine was Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1353 to 1390....
and Rudolf’s grandson Rupert II, a son of Adolf
Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine
Adolf of the Rhine from the house of Wittelsbach was formally Count Palatine of the Rhine in 1319–1327.He was the second son of Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria and his wife Mechtild of Nassau...
. This way finally Rudolf I and his grandson Rupert II became the ancestors of the older (Palatinate) line of the Wittelsbach dynasty, which returned to power also in Bavaria in 1777 after the extinction of the younger (Bavarian) line, the descendants of Louis IV.
Family and children
He was married in NurembergNuremberg
Nuremberg[p] is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. Situated on the Pegnitz river and the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal, it is located about north of Munich and is Franconia's largest city. The population is 505,664...
1 September 1294 to Mechtild of Nassau
Mechtild of Nassau
Mechtild of Nassau was the youngest child of Adolf of Germany and his wife Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg. Mechtild is also known as Matilda of Nassau. She was Duchess consort of Bavaria, by her marriage to Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria.- Family :Mechtild's paternal grandparents were Walram II of Nassau...
, daughter of king Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg
Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg
Adolf was the King of Germany from 1292 until 1298. Though his title in his lifetime was Rex Romanorum , he is usually known as Adolf of Nassau...
and had the following children:
- Ludwig (1297–before 5 April 1311).
- Adolf, Count Palatine of the RhineAdolf, Count Palatine of the RhineAdolf of the Rhine from the house of Wittelsbach was formally Count Palatine of the Rhine in 1319–1327.He was the second son of Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria and his wife Mechtild of Nassau...
(27 September 1300, WolfratshausenWolfratshausenWolfratshausen is a town of the district of Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen, located in Bavaria, Germany. The town had a population of 17,118 as of 31 December 2003.-History:...
–29 January 1327). - Rudolf II the BlindRudolf II, Duke of BavariaRudolf II "the blind" was Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1329 to 1353....
(8 August 1306, Wolfratshausen–4 October 1353, Neustadt). - Rupert I the RedRupert I, Elector Palatine of the RhineRupert I, "the Red" , Elector Palatine was Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1353 to 1390....
(9 June 1309, Wolfratshausen–16 February 1390). - Mathilde (1312–25 November 1375), married 1330/1 to Count John III of Sponheim.
- Anna (1318–1319).