Rutuls
Encyclopedia
Rutuls are an ethnic group in Dagestan
(Russia
) and some parts of Azerbaijan
. According to the 2002 Russian Census
, there were 29,929 Rutuls in Russia (47,200 in 2010). In Azerbaijan there are more than 45.000 Rutuls. Today, total population of rutuls in the world - more than 97 500 people. The Rutul language
is a member of the Northeast Caucasian language family
; its speakers often have a good command of Azeri and Russian
, as Rutul was not a written language until 1990. The Rutul culture is close to that of the Tsakhur and other peoples who inhabit the basin
of the upper reaches of the Samur River
. Most of the Rutuls are engaged in cattle breeding (mostly sheep husbandry
), farming, and gardening
.
.
The earliest attempts of Arabs to affirm as Dagestan concern VII century, and in rutul's territory they made the greatest success. The earliest monument of Muslim culture testifies to it on caucasus - a tombstone of sheikh Magomeda-ibn-Asada-ibn-Mugal, buried in Khnov in 675 d.C. About early islamisation of rutuls the earliest testify also in mountains of Dagestan monuments building epygraphic, found in some rutul villages. It is a stone in a wall of a building of a mosque of settlement village Luchek on which the chronograph text in the Arabian language is cut, Islam
carrying the statement here to 128 of Hijra, that is 745-746. Other stone with the chronograph text has remained in a settlement Ihrek mosque of Ihrek, in it is spoken «about restoration of the destroyed mosque in 407 of Hijra
»
Dagestan
The Republic of Dagestan is a federal subject of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region. Its capital and the largest city is Makhachkala, located at the center of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea...
(Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
) and some parts of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
. According to the 2002 Russian Census
Russian Census (2002)
Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics .-Resident population:...
, there were 29,929 Rutuls in Russia (47,200 in 2010). In Azerbaijan there are more than 45.000 Rutuls. Today, total population of rutuls in the world - more than 97 500 people. The Rutul language
Rutul language
Rutul is a language spoken by the Rutuls, an ethnic group living in Dagestan and some parts of Azerbaijan. It is spoken by 29,400 people in Dagestan and the remaining 110 in Azerbaijan...
is a member of the Northeast Caucasian language family
Northeast Caucasian languages
The Northeast Caucasian languages constitute a language family spoken in the Russian republics of Dagestan, Chechnya, Ingushetia, northern Azerbaijan, and in northeastern Georgia, as well as in diaspora populations in Russia, Turkey, and the Middle East...
; its speakers often have a good command of Azeri and Russian
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
, as Rutul was not a written language until 1990. The Rutul culture is close to that of the Tsakhur and other peoples who inhabit the basin
Drainage basin
A drainage basin is an extent or an area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean...
of the upper reaches of the Samur River
Samur River
Samur is a river in Russia's Dagestan Republic, partially flowing throughAzerbaijan.-Overview:Samur river made from glaciers and mountain springs starts in the Greater Caucasus mountains. It originates in the northeastern part of Guton Mount at elevation . Descending from the mountains for , the...
. Most of the Rutuls are engaged in cattle breeding (mostly sheep husbandry
Sheep husbandry
Sheep husbandry is a subcategory of animal husbandry specifically dealing with the raising and breeding of domestic sheep. Sheep farming is primarily based on raising lambs for meat, or raising sheep for wool. Sheep may also be raised for milk or to sell to other farmers.-Shelter and...
), farming, and gardening
Gardening
Gardening is the practice of growing and cultivating plants. Ornamental plants are normally grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance; useful plants are grown for consumption , for their dyes, or for medicinal or cosmetic use...
.
Religion
The Rutuls adhere to Sunni IslamSunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam. Sunni Muslims are referred to in Arabic as ʾAhl ūs-Sunnah wa āl-Ǧamāʿah or ʾAhl ūs-Sunnah for short; in English, they are known as Sunni Muslims, Sunnis or Sunnites....
.
The earliest attempts of Arabs to affirm as Dagestan concern VII century, and in rutul's territory they made the greatest success. The earliest monument of Muslim culture testifies to it on caucasus - a tombstone of sheikh Magomeda-ibn-Asada-ibn-Mugal, buried in Khnov in 675 d.C. About early islamisation of rutuls the earliest testify also in mountains of Dagestan monuments building epygraphic, found in some rutul villages. It is a stone in a wall of a building of a mosque of settlement village Luchek on which the chronograph text in the Arabian language is cut, Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
carrying the statement here to 128 of Hijra, that is 745-746. Other stone with the chronograph text has remained in a settlement Ihrek mosque of Ihrek, in it is spoken «about restoration of the destroyed mosque in 407 of Hijra
Hijra
Hijra as an Arabic word meaning migration or flight may refer to:* The Hijra is the emigration of Muhammad and his followers to the city of Medina in 622 CE, marking the first year of the Islamic calendar, 1 AH * Hijri year, marks the start of the Hijri year of the Islamic calendar*...
»
Famous people
- Gasret AlievGasret AlievAliev Gasret Agaevich .Gasret Aliev - the participant Great Patriotic War, the army scout of 496th separate prospecting group, 236th shooting division, 46th armies Steppe front, the Red Army man ....
- the Hero of Soviet Union, the 1st secretary of the CPSU in Rutul 1957-1961, the resident of village HinHinHin may refer to:* Hin, a sub-divided unit of the hekat, an ancient Egyptian volume unit* Dilijan, Armenia* Hot Import Nights...
, the participant of the World War IIWorld War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
.
Science
- Saeed Efendi I (v. Shinaz, XIII century, dynasty of Saeedar) - the medieval philosopher, rhetoric, the physicist, the astronomer, the poet. It had been opened in village Shinaz medieval university, an observatory and library. Last scientist from this dynasty Ismail Efendi have buried in 1929.
- Verdiev Mikail Gadjimagomedovich - Heads physics chair at the Dagestan State technical university (since July, 2004), the senior lecturer of engineering science, the professor, the full member of the International academy the Colds (M.O.V.E.), the Deserved inventor of the Russian Federation and Republic of DagestanDagestanThe Republic of Dagestan is a federal subject of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region. Its capital and the largest city is Makhachkala, located at the center of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea...
. - Musaev Gamzat Magomedsaidovich - the senior lecturer of chair of history of DagestanDagestanThe Republic of Dagestan is a federal subject of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region. Its capital and the largest city is Makhachkala, located at the center of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea...
State University.
Other scientists
- Gasan Gagaev
- Kamal Efendiev (v. Ihrek)
- Ali Sultanov
- Alisultan Alisultanov
- Fatima Magomedova
- Farida Guseynova
- Svetlana Mahmudova (v. Rutul)
- Serker Gadjiev
- Ahmed Bazaev
- Abdulkasum Balamamedov
- Efendi Hasmamedov (v. Shinaz)
- Balasi Tagirov
- Tel'man Kafarov
- Eldigar Agabalaev (v. Hin)
- Gadji Gadjiev
- Verdiev Verdi (v. Myuhrek)
Sports
- Vagif Abdullaev (birth 1983-11-20) (village Luchek) - the World champion on a kickboxingKickboxingKickboxing refers to a group of martial arts and stand-up combat sports based on kicking and punching, historically developed from karate, Muay Thai and western boxing....
, the Champion of Europe on Full Contact (WPKA) 2005 in an absolute category and in a category to 82 kg, the World champion on Full Contact (IAKSA) 2007. Trains in fight club "Salang" (Surgut, Russia), the participant of the International Tournament of Single combats. - Kurban Agaev (village HinHinHin may refer to:* Hin, a sub-divided unit of the hekat, an ancient Egyptian volume unit* Dilijan, Armenia* Hot Import Nights...
) - the numerous champion of the USSR on free-style wrestling. - Vagab Kazibekov - the deserved master of sports of the USSR, the champion of the USSR and Europe.
- Saniyat Ganachueva (village Shinaz) - the first russian world champion among women on free-style wrestling.
- Abduselim Rizvanov - the deserved trainer of Russia.
- Caucas Sultanmagomedov - the absolute world champion by MMAMixed martial artsMixed Martial Arts is a full contact combat sport that allows the use of both striking and grappling techniques, both standing and on the ground, including boxing, wrestling, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, muay Thai, kickboxing, karate, judo and other styles. The roots of modern mixed martial arts can be...
. - Asef Pirsaidov - Master of Sports Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
on free-style wrestling.
Rutuls in Turkey
- Ibrahim Shinasi I (XIX century) - the large military leader of TurkeyTurkeyTurkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
. Was lost under Shumla. - Ibrahim ShinasiŞinasiİbrahim Şinasi was a well-known Ottoman author, journalist, and translator. He was one of the primary authors of the Tanzimat.-Biography:...
(junior) - after study in France began to let out the most popular newspaper in Turkey «Gyasfiru efkyar» («the Image of thoughts»). Shinazi has taken a great interest in reform of Turkish language, creation of the present Turkish literature and achieved, that books wrote not for the elite, and for the people. Besides, Shinazi with Namyk Kemal was engaged in reform of a state system of TurkeyTurkeyTurkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
and became the founder of tanzimat, continued by Ataturk in 1918-1919.
Rutuls in Syria
- Ulfat IdilbiUlfat idilbiUlfat Idilbi was a Syrian novel writer. She wrote books that became best sellers in the Arabic-speaking world, such as "Dimashq ya Basimat el Huzn" , which was translated into many languages and filmed as "Basimat al Huzn" .- Biography :Born in 1912, to a traditional Damascene...
- the famous writer. Elfat has not torn with the ethnic native land of the ancestors, has visited village Shinaz, is interested in a life and customs of rutuls. - Sheikh Gadzhimagomed Chelebi (great-grandfather Elfat Edelbi) - has got to Turkey as the emissary of imam Shamil, as the proxy envoy to the Turkish sultan.
- Shamil Dagestani
Culture. Art
- Kur Radjab Ihrekdy - the classic of rutul poetry which verses sing till now poets of Dagestan and Azerbaijan. His used huge popularity in second half XVIII - the beginning of XIX centuries in Dagestan and Azerbaijan.
- Hazarchi - the national poet (first half XX century)
- Gadzhiev - the national poet (first half XX century)
- Jamiseb Sallarov - the national poet (first half XX century)
- SamedSAMEDSAMED is the economic institution of the PLO. It represents the PLO at economic conferences in Arab countries. SAMED is also involved in the political, cultural, and social fields....
- the national poet (first half XX century) - Nurahmed Ramazanov - the national poet (first half XX century)
- Gerei Fezli - the poet.
- Ismail Dagestanly - the honoured artist of the USSR, the winner of the Lenin award.
- Yosoof Ihrekdy - the writer, the poet. Creativity - 1960-1990
- Shafi Amsarsdy - the poet and the composer. Creativity - 1960-1990
- Kavha (Abdulmanaf) Vurushdy - the poet, the writer, the composer. Creativity - 1960-1990
- Sakit Hinavi - the poet, the writer, the composer, «the Nightingale of Dagestan and Azerbaijan».
Others famous rutuls
- K.Magomedov - a member of the Russian academy of public service at the president of the Russian Federation
- G.Gadzhimuradov - the deputy minister of trade of Degestan Republic (Russia)
- I.Ibragimov - the head of department at Government of Degestan Republic (Russia)
- D.Tairov - the chief of department Minnatsinformvneshsvjazi of Degestan Republic (Russia)
- T.Ashurbekov - the head of department of republican Office of Public Prosecutor
- M.Babayev - the colonel, chief of Department Makhachkala-customs
- I.Garunov - a member of Supreme Court of Degestan Republic (Russia)
- N.Magomedov - the head of joint-stock company "Arsi".
- R.Aliev - the deputy director of joint-stock company "Yugstalkonstructsia"
- M.Mamadaev - the colonel
- J.Magomedov - the judge of the Kirov (DagestanDagestanThe Republic of Dagestan is a federal subject of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region. Its capital and the largest city is Makhachkala, located at the center of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea...
, RussiaRussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
) regional court