SEAgel
Encyclopedia
SEAgel is one of a class of high-tech foam
materials known as aerogel
s. It is an excellent thermal insulator
and among the least dense solids known. SEAgel was invented by Robert Morrison at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
in 1992. SEAgel is made of agar
, a carbohydrate material that comes from kelp
and red algae
, and contains from one and a half to fifty milligrams of material per cubic centimeter of solid (in other words, it has a density of 1.5-50 mg/cm3).
SEAgel can be made lighter than air using hydrogen - causing it to float or hang in the air. It insulates against temperature, noise, and electrical current. SEAgel is also completely biodegradable, as it is made entirely of biological material and can even be eaten.
Initially, SEAgel starts out as a gelatin-like mixture of agar and water. After it is freeze-dried
to remove the water, it is left as a honeycomb of dried agar filled with air, with cell sizes two to three micrometers (2-3 µm) in diameter.
SEAgel can have many different uses. Laboratory scientists use SEAgel as targets for x-ray
laser experiments because it can be doped
with other materials, such as selenium
. In order to eliminate the volatile hydrodynamics that occur when a solid-density target explodes before it reaches the density required for lasing
, scientists are trying to develop an x-ray laser target with a density that is less than the critical density of laser light (4×1021 electrons/cm3 for 0.53-µm light). SEAgel can help them achieve a more uniform plasma
, which will ultimately improve the quality of the x-ray laser beam.
SEAgel could also be used as food packaging or the encapsulating material of timed-release medical pills, as it is safe to digest. SEAgel could also replace balsa wood to insulate supertankers and to provide sound damping in high-speed trains.
SEAgel is covered under U.S. patents
5,382,285 ("Biofoam") and 5,360,828 ("Biofoam II").
Foam
-Definition:A foam is a substance that is formed by trapping gas in a liquid or solid in a divided form, i.e. by forming gas regions inside liquid regions, leading to different kinds of dispersed media...
materials known as aerogel
Aerogel
Aerogel is a synthetic porous material derived from a gel, in which the liquid component of the gel has been replaced with a gas. The result is a solid with extremely low density and thermal conductivity...
s. It is an excellent thermal insulator
Thermal insulation
Thermal insulation is the reduction of the effects of the various processes of heat transfer between objects in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence. Heat transfer is the transfer of thermal energy between objects of differing temperature...
and among the least dense solids known. SEAgel was invented by Robert Morrison at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , just outside Livermore, California, is a Federally Funded Research and Development Center founded by the University of California in 1952...
in 1992. SEAgel is made of agar
Agar
Agar or agar-agar is a gelatinous substance derived from a polysaccharide that accumulates in the cell walls of agarophyte red algae. Throughout history into modern times, agar has been chiefly used as an ingredient in desserts throughout Asia and also as a solid substrate to contain culture medium...
, a carbohydrate material that comes from kelp
Kelp
Kelps are large seaweeds belonging to the brown algae in the order Laminariales. There are about 30 different genera....
and red algae
Red algae
The red algae are one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae, and also one of the largest, with about 5,000–6,000 species of mostly multicellular, marine algae, including many notable seaweeds...
, and contains from one and a half to fifty milligrams of material per cubic centimeter of solid (in other words, it has a density of 1.5-50 mg/cm3).
SEAgel can be made lighter than air using hydrogen - causing it to float or hang in the air. It insulates against temperature, noise, and electrical current. SEAgel is also completely biodegradable, as it is made entirely of biological material and can even be eaten.
Initially, SEAgel starts out as a gelatin-like mixture of agar and water. After it is freeze-dried
Freeze drying
Freeze-drying is a dehydration process typically used to preserve a perishable material or make the material more convenient for transport...
to remove the water, it is left as a honeycomb of dried agar filled with air, with cell sizes two to three micrometers (2-3 µm) in diameter.
SEAgel can have many different uses. Laboratory scientists use SEAgel as targets for x-ray
X-ray
X-radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz and energies in the range 120 eV to 120 keV. They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than gamma...
laser experiments because it can be doped
Doping (semiconductor)
In semiconductor production, doping intentionally introduces impurities into an extremely pure semiconductor for the purpose of modulating its electrical properties. The impurities are dependent upon the type of semiconductor. Lightly and moderately doped semiconductors are referred to as extrinsic...
with other materials, such as selenium
Selenium
Selenium is a chemical element with atomic number 34, chemical symbol Se, and an atomic mass of 78.96. It is a nonmetal, whose properties are intermediate between those of adjacent chalcogen elements sulfur and tellurium...
. In order to eliminate the volatile hydrodynamics that occur when a solid-density target explodes before it reaches the density required for lasing
Laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of photons. The term "laser" originated as an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation...
, scientists are trying to develop an x-ray laser target with a density that is less than the critical density of laser light (4×1021 electrons/cm3 for 0.53-µm light). SEAgel can help them achieve a more uniform plasma
Plasma (physics)
In physics and chemistry, plasma is a state of matter similar to gas in which a certain portion of the particles are ionized. Heating a gas may ionize its molecules or atoms , thus turning it into a plasma, which contains charged particles: positive ions and negative electrons or ions...
, which will ultimately improve the quality of the x-ray laser beam.
SEAgel could also be used as food packaging or the encapsulating material of timed-release medical pills, as it is safe to digest. SEAgel could also replace balsa wood to insulate supertankers and to provide sound damping in high-speed trains.
SEAgel is covered under U.S. patents
United States Patent and Trademark Office
The United States Patent and Trademark Office is an agency in the United States Department of Commerce that issues patents to inventors and businesses for their inventions, and trademark registration for product and intellectual property identification.The USPTO is based in Alexandria, Virginia,...
5,382,285 ("Biofoam") and 5,360,828 ("Biofoam II").