The SLC-2 Radar is a counter-battery radar

Counter-battery radar

A counter-battery radar detects artillery projectiles fired by one or more guns, howitzers, mortars and rocket launchers and from their trajectories locates the position on the ground of the gun, etc., that fired it. Alternatively, or in addition, it may determine where the projectile will land...

 designed to accurately locate hostile artillery, rocket and ground-to-ground missile launchers immediately after enemy firing, and to support friendly artillery by providing guidance of counter-fire.

SLC-2 radar can also be applied in adjusting firing of friendly weapons or rockets. With slight modification to software parameters, SLC-2 radar can also be used to detect and track low flying targets such as light aircraft, helicopters and RPVs.

SLC-2 systems have sometimes been mounted on a Dongfang EQ2102 3.5 ton truck.

Development

Four AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder radar

AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder radar

AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder is a mobile radar system manufactured by ThalesRaytheonSystems . The system is a long-range version of “weapon-locating radar,” designed to detect and track incoming artillery and rocket fire to determine the point of origin for counterbattery fire...

 have been sold to China and this had become the foundation of SLC-2 radar development. Aside from political reasons, the US$ 10 million plus unit price tag of TPQ-37 (including after sale logistic support) was simply too costly for Chinese. Decision was made to develop a domestic equivalent after mastering the technologies of TPQ-37. After the initial test of TPQ-37 in Tangshan (汤山) Range near Nanjing

Nanjing

' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...

 in 1988, and in Xuanhua District

Xuanhua District

Xuanhua is a district in Zhangjiakou prefecture-level city in Hebei Province, China.Xuanhua is 180 km North-West of Beijing. It has a population of 274,000 people. Xuanhua is a very old city with a rich military and agricultural history...

 in October of the same year, several shortcomings of TPQ-37 were discovered and further intensive tests were conducted and completed in 1994.

The requirement of the Chinese domestic equivalent was subsequently modified to address these issues revealed in trials. Due to the limitation of the Chinese industrial capability at the time, decision was made to develop the Chinese domestic equivalent in several steps. The first step was to develop a smaller one, which would result in the Chinese equivalent of AN/TPQ-36 Firefinder radar

AN/TPQ-36 Firefinder radar

AN/TPQ-36 Firefinder is a mobile radar system manufactured by Northrop Grumman and ThalesRaytheonSystems . The system is a "weapon-locating radar", designed to detect and track incoming artillery and rocket fire to determine the point of origin for counterbattery fire...

, and based on the experience gained from this program, a more capable larger version in the same class of AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder radar

AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder radar

AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder is a mobile radar system manufactured by ThalesRaytheonSystems . The system is a long-range version of “weapon-locating radar,” designed to detect and track incoming artillery and rocket fire to determine the point of origin for counterbattery fire...

 would be developed, which eventually resulted in SLC-2 series.

Type 373 Radar

This is the predecessor of SLC-2 radar. Type 373 radar is fielded after the Type 704 Radar

Type 704 Radar

The Type 704 is a counter battery radar by NORINCO designed to accurately locate the hostile artillery, rocket and ground-to-ground missile launcher immediately after the firing of enemy, and support friendly artillery by providing guidance of counter fire...

 series, which Type 373 radar is based on. Type 373 radar is designed to specifically improve the performance of TPQ-37 by solving the shortcoming revealed in tests. One of limitations of TPQ-37 revealed in tests was that the it was less effective against projectiles with flat trajectory, so it is much more effective against howitzer and mortar rounds than rounds from 130 mm towed field gun M1954 (M-46)

130 mm towed field gun M1954 (M-46)

The 130 mm towed field gun M-46 M1954 is a manually loaded, towed 130 mm artillery piece, manufactured in the Soviet Union in the 1950s. It was first observed by the west in 1954...

and its Chinese derivative Type 59-1. Type 373 radar is designed to improve the capability against rounds with flat trajectory.

Another problem revealed in the tests was that the reliability of TPQ-37 is much lower than what was claimed. The reason was that when TPQ-37 was deployed in environments with high humidity and high level of rainfall (southern China), high salinity (coastal regions), high altitude (southwestern China), and subjected to daily high temperature differences (northwestern China), malfunctions occurs more frequently. Type 373 radar was designed specifically to improve the reliability against these harsh environmental factors.

SLC-2

As Chinese capability in microelectronics matured, an updated version of passive phased array Type 373 radar is developed, designated as SLC-2. This is a fully solid-state, highly digitized version that adopts planar active phased array antenna.

One of the shortcomings of TPQ-37 revealed in tests was in its multi-targeting capability. When enemy artillery batteries located more than two hundred meters apart fires simultaneously, TPQ-37 could provide accurate coordinate for distance, but coordinates for positions were less accurate. This would not be a problem for most users because TPQ-37 can be used in pairs in conjunction, provide accurate coordinates for locations. However, these costly radars could not be purchased in large numbers and China thus developed the capability for SLC-2 to provide accurate coordinates for both distance and position.

Specifications

• S - band
• Detection range: (for 80% detection probability against 81-mm mortar rounds sized target)
  • For artillery—35 km
  • For rockets—50 km
• Accuracy: 0.35% of range (for range more than 10 km)
  • 35 m (for range less than 10 km)
• Peak power: 45 kW
• Noise: 3dB
• Clutter improvement factor: 55 dB
• Other features:
  • Active phased array antenna with electronic scanning both in azimuth and elevation
  • Sophisticated computer-controlled digital signal processing
  • Comprehensive online or offine BITE
  • Automatic/manual height correction with digital/video map
  • Various effective ECCM
  • Tracking while scanning