SUMKA
Encyclopedia
SUMKA is an Iran
ian neo-Nazi group that is otherwise known as Hezb-e Sosialist-e Melli-ye Kargaran-e Iran or the Iran National-Socialist Workers group.
, a professor at Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich
, who served with the SS and had been injured fighting in Berlin
. Before this the name had been used informally to refer to those in Iran who supported and help funded Adolf Hitler
during the Second World War. Monshizadeh would go on to serve as a Professor of Persian Studies at Alexandria University
. Despite building up a minor support base in Iranian universities, the party did not last long. It has been claimed that the party enjoyed funding directly from Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
for a time. Funding was also provided indirectly by the United States government through their operation in the area codenamed BEDMAN.
, who would later rise to prominence, an early member. Monshizadeh was known as something of a Hitler worshipper and was fond of many of the ways of the Nazi Party, such as their militarism and salute, as well as attempting to approximate Hitler's physical appearance. On this basis the group adopted the swastika
and black shirt as part of their uniforms. Alongside this, however, the part was also known for their loyalty to the monarchy and were branded "Shah worshippers".
They were firmly opposed to the rule of Mohammed Mossadegh during their brief period of influence and the group worked alongside Fazlollah Zahedi
in his opposition to Mossadegh. Indeed in 1953 they were part of a large crowd of Zahedi supporters who marched to the palace of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi demanding the ousting of Mossadegh. The party would become associated with street violence against the supporters of Mossadegh and the Tudeh Party.
The party eventually passed out of existence, although much of their membership was absorbed by the 'Arya' movement of Brigadier General Hasan Arfa
, a largely military-based group that had some pro-Nazi tendencies.
s and Turks
in keeping with the anti-Islamic and Aryan
identity politics of the original party. This group is not connected to the equally minor Iranian National Socialist Party
or the Aryan League
. This party is against any form of Communism.
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
ian neo-Nazi group that is otherwise known as Hezb-e Sosialist-e Melli-ye Kargaran-e Iran or the Iran National-Socialist Workers group.
Foundation
The group was formed in 1952 by Davud MonshizadehDavud Monshizadeh
Davud Monshizadeh an iranian persian ethnic was one of the principal founders of Sumka .-Background:Monshizadeh helped form the Sumka in 1952...
, a professor at Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich
Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich
The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich , commonly known as the University of Munich or LMU, is a university in Munich, Germany...
, who served with the SS and had been injured fighting in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
. Before this the name had been used informally to refer to those in Iran who supported and help funded Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , commonly referred to as the Nazi Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and head of state from 1934 to 1945...
during the Second World War. Monshizadeh would go on to serve as a Professor of Persian Studies at Alexandria University
Alexandria University
Alexandria University is a university in Alexandria, Egypt. It was established in 1938 as a satellite of Fuad University , becoming an independent entity in 1942. It was known as Farouk University until the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 when its name was changed to the University of Alexandria...
. Despite building up a minor support base in Iranian universities, the party did not last long. It has been claimed that the party enjoyed funding directly from Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Mohammad Rezā Shāh Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, Shah of Persia , ruled Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979...
for a time. Funding was also provided indirectly by the United States government through their operation in the area codenamed BEDMAN.
Development
The group briefly attracted the support of young nationalists in Iran, with Daryoush HomayounDaryoush Homayoun
Daryoush Homayoun was an Iranian journalist, author, intellectual, and politician. He was the Minister of Information and Tourism in the cabinet of Jamshid Amouzegar, founder of the daily newspaper Ayandegan, and one-time high-ranking member of the Rastakhiz party. In exile he became one of the...
, who would later rise to prominence, an early member. Monshizadeh was known as something of a Hitler worshipper and was fond of many of the ways of the Nazi Party, such as their militarism and salute, as well as attempting to approximate Hitler's physical appearance. On this basis the group adopted the swastika
Swastika
The swastika is an equilateral cross with its arms bent at right angles, in either right-facing form in counter clock motion or its mirrored left-facing form in clock motion. Earliest archaeological evidence of swastika-shaped ornaments dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization of Ancient...
and black shirt as part of their uniforms. Alongside this, however, the part was also known for their loyalty to the monarchy and were branded "Shah worshippers".
They were firmly opposed to the rule of Mohammed Mossadegh during their brief period of influence and the group worked alongside Fazlollah Zahedi
Fazlollah Zahedi
Mohammad Fazlollah Zahedi was an Iranian general and statesman who replaced democratically elected Iranian Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadeq through a western-backed coup d'état, in which he played a major role.-Early years:Born in Hamedan in 1897, Fazlollah Zahedi was the son of Abol Hassan...
in his opposition to Mossadegh. Indeed in 1953 they were part of a large crowd of Zahedi supporters who marched to the palace of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi demanding the ousting of Mossadegh. The party would become associated with street violence against the supporters of Mossadegh and the Tudeh Party.
The party eventually passed out of existence, although much of their membership was absorbed by the 'Arya' movement of Brigadier General Hasan Arfa
Hasan Arfa
Hasan Arfa was an Iranian general and ambassador of the Pahlavi dynasty.-Early life:Born in Tbilisi, Georgia, of an Anglo-Russian mother and Iranian father, Hasan Arfa was a career military officer in the Iranian army and who achieved the rank of general...
, a largely military-based group that had some pro-Nazi tendencies.
Current group
A group calling itself SUMKA and claiming to be direct heirs of the original still exists. Although it remains to be seen how far this revival extended beyond the internet. They now present their three main enemies as being Jews, ArabArab
Arab people, also known as Arabs , are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing...
s and Turks
Turkish people
Turkish people, also known as the "Turks" , are an ethnic group primarily living in Turkey and in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire where Turkish minorities had been established in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Romania...
in keeping with the anti-Islamic and Aryan
Aryan race
The Aryan race is a concept historically influential in Western culture in the period of the late 19th century and early 20th century. It derives from the idea that the original speakers of the Indo-European languages and their descendants up to the present day constitute a distinctive race or...
identity politics of the original party. This group is not connected to the equally minor Iranian National Socialist Party
or the Aryan League
Aryan League
The Aryan League is an Iranian Neo-Nazi political party. It was founded by former members of the Pan-Iranist Party who left that group due to their racialist beliefs. Their stated goal is, "To return to Iran and her Aryan people their pride & glorious legacy of six thousand years past...
. This party is against any form of Communism.