Sailing/Yachting

Sailing

Sailing is the propulsion of a vehicle and the control of its movement with large foils called sails. By changing the rigging, rudder, and sometimes the keel or centre board, a sailor manages the force of the wind on the sails in order to move the boat relative to its surrounding medium and...

is a Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad

Olympiad

An Olympiad is a period of four years, associated with the Olympic Games of Classical Greece. In the Hellenistic period, beginning with Ephorus, Olympiads were used as calendar epoch....

 (1896 Olympics in Athens ). With the exception of 1904

1904 Summer Olympics

The 1904 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States from 1 July 1904, to November 23, 1904, at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University...

 and possible 1916

1916 Summer Olympics

The anticipated 1916 Summer Olympics, which were to be officially known as the Games of the VI Olympiad, were to have been held in Berlin, Germany. However, due to the outbreak of World War I, the games were cancelled.-History:...

 sailing was always a part of the Olympic program.
The Sailing program of 1932 consisted of a total of four sailing classes (disciplines). For each class races were scheduled from 5–12 August of the coast of Los Angeles Harbor on the Pacific Ocean.

Venue

The venue of the X^th Olympiad sailing event was off the coast of Los Angeles Harbor. For the Star, 6 and 8 Metre the races were held on the broad Pacific. For the Snowbird-monotype the course area was near the coast sheltered by the San Pedro Breakwater.

Many of the sailors lived, during the Olympics, near the harbor area. For those who lived in the Olympic village

Olympic Village

An Olympic Village is an accommodation centre built for an Olympic Games, usually within an Olympic Park or elsewhere in a host city. Olympic Villages are built to house all participating athletes, as well as officials, athletic trainers, and other staff. Since the Munich Massacre at the 1972...

 transport was arranged.

For the Olympics in general and sailing specific, having the Olympics in the USA, in the midst of the financial crisis

Financial crisis

The term financial crisis is applied broadly to a variety of situations in which some financial institutions or assets suddenly lose a large part of their value. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many financial crises were associated with banking panics, and many recessions coincided with these...

, was a challenge. The safe choice of using the Metre classes turned out to be a very expensive one. Transporting the yachts to Los Angeles was hardly possible in the economical climate. The new Olympic Star was hardly used in Europe and not many sailors knew how to handle this difficult keelboat. With a significant effort, by the Southern California Yachting Association, arrangements were made for foreign country to use local Stars, 6 and 8 Metres. Thirty Snowbirds were provided by the Olympic Committee but only eleven were needed.

But at the end of the day sailing proved to be strong enough to survive this period in time by showing good sailing and good management of the event. At the next Olympics Sailing was stronger than ever.

For the first time the all Olympic sports

Olympic sports

Olympic sports, as defined by the International Olympic Committee, are all the sports contested in the Summer and Winter Olympic Games. The Summer Olympics, as of 2012, will include 26 sports, with two additionall sports due to be added in 2016...

 were held in the same period of the year. Sailing was now a complete integrated part of the Olympics.

Overview

Continents	Countries	Classes	Boats	Male	Female
3	11	4	23	?	0

Countries

>

Classes (equipment)

At first the International 14

International 14

The International 14 is 14-foot double-handed racing dinghy. The class originated in England in the early part of the 20th century. It is sailed and raced in many countries around the world and was one of the very first true international racing dinghy classes recognised by International Sailing...

 Dinghy was chosen for the monotype races. However this idea was abandoned since this is normally a double handed boat. Finally the Snowbird, a small V-bottom Catboat, was selected for the task. As double handed one design the Star made her first appearance at the Olympics.

Class	Type	Event	Sailors	Trapeze	Mainsail	Jib/Genoa	Spinnaker	First OG	Olympics so far
Snowbird Snowbird (sailboat) In the early 1920’s, a local yachtsman who was searching for a suitable small boat for his young sons, came across a set of plans to scale in the 1921 issue of Rudder magazine. He had a local builder, Tom Broadway, build several boats and the class became immediately popular. In 1926, G.V. Johnson...	Dinghy		1	0	+	–	–	1932	1
Star Star (sailboat) The International Star is a 6.9 m one-design racing keelboat for two people.The boat must weigh at least 671 kg with a maximum total sail area of 26.5 m . It is sloop-rigged, with a mainsail larger in proportional size than any other boat of its length...	Dinghy		2	0	+	+	–	1932	1
6 Metre	Keelboat		4	0	+	+	+	1908	6
8 Metre	Keelboat		6	0	+	+	+	1908	6

= Male, = Female, = Open

Medal summary

Snowbird:
Star:	Gilbert Gray Gilbert Gray Gilbert T. Gray was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Jupiter which won the gold medal in the Star class.-External links:*... Andrew Libano Andrew Libano Andrew Jackson Libano, Jr. was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.He died in New Orleans, Louisiana....	George Colin Ratsey George Colin Ratsey George Colin Ratsey , educated at Brighton College, was a British sailor and sail maker who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics. He won the silver medal in the Star class.-External links:* at Olympic Database-See also:... Peter Jaffe Peter Jaffe James Peter "Peter" Jaffe was a British competitive sailor and Olympic medalist....	Gunnar Asther Gunnar Asther Gunnar Anton Edvard Asther was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the Swedish boat Swedisk Star which won the bronze medal in the Star class.-External links:... Daniel Sundén-Cullberg Daniel Sundén-Cullberg Daniel Hjalmar Sundén-Cullberg was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the Swedish boat Swedisk Star which won the bronze medal in the Star class....
6 Metre:	Tore Holm Tore Holm Tore Anton Holm was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1920, 1928, 1932, 1936 and in the 1948 Summer Olympics.... Martin Hindorff Martin Hindorff Martin Leonard Hindorff was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics, in the 1936 Summer Olympics, in the 1948 Summer Olympics, and in the 1952 Summer Olympics... Olle Åkerlund Olle Åkerlund Olle Erik Cyrus Åkerlund was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the Swedish boat Bissbi which won the gold medal in the 6 metre class.... Åke Bergqvist Åke Bergqvist Åke Carl Magnus Bergqvist was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the Swedish boat Bissbi which won the gold medal in the 6 metre class.-External links:*...	Robert Carlson Robert Carlson (sailor) Robert Carlson was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Gallant which won the silver medal in the 6 metre class.-External links:*... Temple Ashbrook Temple Ashbrook Temple W. Ashbrook was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Gallant which won the silver medal in the 6 metre class.-External links:*... Frederic Conant Frederic Conant Frederic Warren Conant was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Gallant which won the silver medal in the 6 metre class.-External links:*... Charles Smith Charles Smith (sailor) Charles E. Smith was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Gallant which won the silver medal in the 6 meter class.-External links:*... Donald Douglas Donald Wills Douglas, Jr. Donald Wills Douglas, Jr. was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Gallant which won the silver medal in the 6 metre class.... Emmett Davis Emmett Davis (sailor) Emmett S. Davis was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.He was born in Maryland and died in Los Angeles, California....	Philip Rogers Gerald Wilson Gardner Boultbee Gardner Boultbee Jack Gardner Boultbee was a Canadian sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the Canadian boat Caprice which won the bronze medal in the 6 metre class.-External links:*... Kenneth Glass
8 Metre:	John Biby John Biby John Edward Biby, Jr. , was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the Angelita which won the gold medal in the 8-metre class.... William Cooper William Cooper (sailor) William H. Cooper was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Angelita which won the gold medal in the 8 metre class.-External links:*... Carl Dorsey Carl Dorsey Carl James Dorsey was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Angelita which won the gold medal in the 8 metre class.-External links:*... Owen Churchill Owen Churchill Owen Porter Churchill was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Angelita which won the gold medal in the 8 metre class.- Swim Fin :... Robert Sutton Robert Sutton (sailor) Robert Manvel Sutton was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Angelita which won the gold medal in the 8 metre class.-External links:*... Pierpont Davis Pierpont Davis Pierpont Davis was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Angelita which won the gold medal in the 8 metre class.-External links:*... Alan Morgan Alan Morgan (sailor) Alan C. Morgan was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.He was born in California and died in Riverside County, California.... Alphonse Burnand Alphonse Burnand Alphonse A. Burnand, Jr. was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.He was born in Colorado and died in Orange, California.... Thomas Webster Thomas Webster (sailor) Thomas Campbell Webster was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Angelita which won the gold medal in the 8 metre class.-External links:... John Huettner John Huettner John E. Huettner was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Angelita which won the gold medal in the 8 metre class.-External links:*... Richard Moore Kenneth Carey Kenneth Carey Kenneth A. Carey was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Angelita which won the gold medal in the 8 metre class....	Ernest Cribb Ernest Cribb Ernest Frank Cribb was a Canadian sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the Canadian boat Santa Maria which won the silver medal in the 8 metre class. He died in Vancouver.-External links:**... Harry Jones Peter Gordon Peter Gordon (sailor) Peter Dawson Gordon was a Canadian sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.Born in Ontario he was a crew member of the Canadian boat Santa Maria which won the silver medal in the 8 metre class in 1932. He died in Vancouver.-External links:*... Hubert Wallace Hubert Wallace Hubert Alfred Wallace was a Canadian sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.Born in Vancouver, he was a crew member of the Canadian boat Santa Maria which won the silver medal in the 8 metre class in 1932. He died in Oak Bay, British Columbia.-External links:*... Ronald Maitland Ronald Maitland Ronald Monteith Maitland was a Canadian sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the Canadian boat Santa Maria which won the silver medal in the 8 metre class.... George Gyles George Gyles George Frederick Gyles was a Canadian sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the Canadian boat Santa Maria which won the silver medal in the 8 metre class. He died in Vancouver.-External links:**...	none awarded

Sailing 1932

1		2	1	0	3
2		1	0	1	2
3		1	0	0	1
4		0	1	1	2
5		0	1	0	1
		0	1	0	1
7		0	0	1	1
Total		4	4	3	11

Sailing 1896–1932

1		12	5	1	18
2		9	3	2	14
3		5	7	7	19
4		5	4	3	12
5		2	3	1	6
6		2	2	1	5
7	USA	2	1	1	4
8		1	0	0	1
		1	0	0	1
10		0	3	0	3
11		0	1	4	5
12		0	1	1	2
13		0	1	0	1
14		0	0	1	1
		0	0	1	1
		0	0	1	1
Total	16	39	31	24	94

Remarks

• For the first time a consistent point system for all races in all events was used (1932 Olympic scoring system).
• The Olympic creed was well spread during this Olympics. Maybe ironic to see that by the next time Los Angeles was the home of the Olympics, it also marked a turning point in the Olympic movement and winning became more and more important.
• In the officiel report is mentioned that the NAVY vessels took nicely care that the course area of the Snowbirds was free of traffic. In the book of Hugh Drake the Canadian Snowbird sailor complains that the huge NAVY vessels created a lot of wind shadow over the course.
• During the US 8 Metre trials the team of Owen Churchill
  Owen Churchill
  Owen Porter Churchill was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Angelita which won the gold medal in the 8 metre class.- Swim Fin :...
  
   beat the team of his brother in law Pierpont Davis
  Pierpont Davis
  Pierpont Davis was an American sailor who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.In 1932 he was a crew member of the American boat Angelita which won the gold medal in the 8 metre class.-External links:*...
  
  . During the Olympics a team for the 8 Metre could have a reserve for every position. By combining the teams for the Olympics and smart exchange of crewmembers for every race, each crewmember of the trials won a gold medal.

Sailors

During the Sailing regatta's at the 1932 Summer Olympics among others the following persons were competing in the various classes: