Sailing at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Encyclopedia
Sailing/Yachting
is a Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad
(1896 Olympics in Athens
). With the exception of 1904
and possible 1916
sailing was always a part of the Olympic program.
The Sailing program of 1988 consisted of a total of eight sailing classes (disciplines). For each class seven races were scheduled from September 20, 1988 to September 27, 1988
of the coast of Busan
and was the first time that a separate event was allocated exclusively for women (sailed in the 470 class
).
The sailing was done on the triangular type Olympic courses.
are not very suitable for Olympic sailing Busan was chosen for the 1988 Sailing event.
A total of x race areas were created of the coast of Busan.
Busan in Korea was reportedly a light wind venue but no one realised until too late that this information came from the airport which was located in a sheltered valley. It turned out to be that the 1988 Olympic Games were one of the windiest ever with one day of racing postponed due to too much wind. one day of racing saw around 30 knots of wind with 5 knots of current going against the wind. There was a lot of equipment damage and rescues for many classes resulting in many DNF's and requests for redress.
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Sailing
Sailing is the propulsion of a vehicle and the control of its movement with large foils called sails. By changing the rigging, rudder, and sometimes the keel or centre board, a sailor manages the force of the wind on the sails in order to move the boat relative to its surrounding medium and...
is a Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad
Olympiad
An Olympiad is a period of four years, associated with the Olympic Games of Classical Greece. In the Hellenistic period, beginning with Ephorus, Olympiads were used as calendar epoch....
(1896 Olympics in Athens
Athens
Athens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state...
). With the exception of 1904
1904 Summer Olympics
The 1904 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States from 1 July 1904, to November 23, 1904, at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University...
and possible 1916
1916 Summer Olympics
The anticipated 1916 Summer Olympics, which were to be officially known as the Games of the VI Olympiad, were to have been held in Berlin, Germany. However, due to the outbreak of World War I, the games were cancelled.-History:...
sailing was always a part of the Olympic program.
The Sailing program of 1988 consisted of a total of eight sailing classes (disciplines). For each class seven races were scheduled from September 20, 1988 to September 27, 1988
of the coast of Busan
Busan
Busan , formerly spelled Pusan is South Korea's second largest metropolis after Seoul, with a population of around 3.6 million. The Metropolitan area population is 4,399,515 as of 2010. It is the largest port city in South Korea and the fifth largest port in the world...
and was the first time that a separate event was allocated exclusively for women (sailed in the 470 class
470 (dinghy)
The 470 is a double-handed monohull planing dinghy with a centreboard, Bermuda rig, and centre sheeting. The name is the overall length of the boat in centimetres . The hull is fibreglass with integral buoyancy tanks. The 470 is equipped with spinnaker and trapeze, making teamwork necessary to...
).
The sailing was done on the triangular type Olympic courses.
Venue
According to the IOC statutes the contests in all sport disciplines must be held either in, or as close as possible to the city which the IOC has chosen. Since the sailing conditions of the coast near SeoulSeoul
Seoul , officially the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. A megacity with a population of over 10 million, it is the largest city proper in the OECD developed world...
are not very suitable for Olympic sailing Busan was chosen for the 1988 Sailing event.
A total of x race areas were created of the coast of Busan.
Busan in Korea was reportedly a light wind venue but no one realised until too late that this information came from the airport which was located in a sheltered valley. It turned out to be that the 1988 Olympic Games were one of the windiest ever with one day of racing postponed due to too much wind. one day of racing saw around 30 knots of wind with 5 knots of current going against the wind. There was a lot of equipment damage and rescues for many classes resulting in many DNF's and requests for redress.
Overview
| Continents | Countries | Classes | Boats | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 60 | 8 | 214 | 360 | 43 |
Continents
- AfricaAfricaAfrica is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
- AsiaAsiaAsia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
- Australian continentAustralia (continent)Australia is the world's smallest continent, comprising the mainland of Australia and proximate islands including Tasmania, New Guinea, the Aru Islands and Raja Ampat Islands...
- EuropeEuropeEurope is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
- North AmericaNorth AmericaNorth America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
- South AmericaSouth AmericaSouth America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
Countries
Classes (equipment)
| Class | Type | Event | Sailors | Trapeze | Mainsail | Jib/Genoa | Spinnaker | First OG | Olympics so far |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division II Division II (windsurf board) The 1988 Olympics, saw the introduction of Lechner Division II boards. The Division II class used a 6.5m sail and were round bottomed boards designed for upwind sailing in light to moderate winds.... |
Surfboard |  |
1 | 0 | + | - | - | 1988 | 1 |
| Finn Finn (dinghy) The Finn dinghy is the men's single-handed, cat-rigged Olympic class for sailing. It was designed by Swedish canoe designer, Rickard Sarby, in 1949 for the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki... |
Dinghy | |
1 | 0 | + | - | - | 1952 | 10 |
| 470 470 (dinghy) The 470 is a double-handed monohull planing dinghy with a centreboard, Bermuda rig, and centre sheeting. The name is the overall length of the boat in centimetres . The hull is fibreglass with integral buoyancy tanks. The 470 is equipped with spinnaker and trapeze, making teamwork necessary to... |
Dinghy |  |
2 | 1 | + | + | + | 1976 | 4 |
| Flying Dutchman Flying Dutchman (dinghy) thumbthumbThe Flying Dutchman is a 20-foot one-design high-performance two-person monohull racing dinghy. Developed in the early 1950s, its large sail area per unit weight allow it to plane easily when sailing upwind. The boat utilizes a trapeze harness for the crew and hiking straps for the... |
Dinghy | 2 | 1 | + | + | + | 1960 | 7 | |
| Tornado Tornado (sailboat) The Tornado is an two person multihull class recognised as an International Class by the International Sailing Federation. It was used for the Olympic Catamaran discpline for over 30 years.-Background:... |
Catamaran | 2 | 1 | + | + | - | 1976 | 4 | |
| Star Star (sailboat) The International Star is a 6.9 m one-design racing keelboat for two people.The boat must weigh at least 671 kg with a maximum total sail area of 26.5 m . It is sloop-rigged, with a mainsail larger in proportional size than any other boat of its length... |
Keelboat | 2 | 0 | + | + | - | 1932 | 12 | |
| Soling Soling A Soling is a class of open keelboat designed by Jan Linge of Norway in 1965. In 1968, it was chosen from among many other boats to be the men's triple-handed boat for the 1972 Olympics... |
Keelboat | 3 | 0 | + | + | + | 1972 | 5 | |
Men's events
| Division II: |
|||
| Finn: |
|||
| 470: |
Thierry Peponnet Thierry Peponnet Thierry Peponnet is a French sailor and Olympic champion.He won a gold medal in the 470 Class at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, together with Luc Pillot. They received bronze medals in 1984.-References:... Luc Pillot Luc Pillot Luc Pillot is a French sailor and Olympic champion.He won a gold medal in the 470 Class at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, together with Thierry Peponnet. They received bronze medals in 1984.... |
Tõnu Tõniste Tõnu Tõniste Tõnu Tõniste is retired sailor from Estonia, who competed in four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1988. He won a silver and a bronze medal in the men's 470 class, for the Soviet Union and for Estonia . He did so with his twin brother Toomas Tõniste.-References:*... Toomas Tõniste Toomas Tõniste Toomas Tõniste is retired sailor and a politician from Estonia, who competed in four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1988. He won a silver and a bronze medal in the men's 470 class, for the Soviet Union and for Estonia . He did so with his twin brother Tõnu Tõniste... |
John Shadden John Shadden John Thomas Shadden is a former American competitive sailor and Olympic bronze medalist.-Career:... Charles McKee Charles McKee Charles McKee is an American sailor and Olympic medalist. He competed in the 470 class at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul and received a bronze medal.... |
Women's event
470: |
Allison Jolly Allison Jolly Allison Jolly is an American sailor and Olympic champion. Jolly began sailing at the age of 10 and attended the University of Florida where she won the National Collegiate sailing championships in 1975 and 1976. In 1976 she placed second in the European women's championship, and also took second... Lynne Jewell Lynne Jewell Lynne Jewell is an American sailor and Olympic champion.She won a gold medal in the 470 Class at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, together with Allison Jolly.-References:... |
Marit Söderström Marit Söderström Marit Söderström is a Swedish sailor. She won a silver medal in the 470 class at the 1988 Summer Olympics with Birgitta Bengtsson.-References:* at sports-reference.com... Birgitta Bengtsson Birgitta Bengtsson Birgitta Bengtsson is a Swedish sailor. She won a silver medal in the 470 class at the 1988 Summer Olympics with Marit Söderström.-References:* at sports-reference.com... |
Larisa Moskalenko Irina Shunikhovskaya |
Open events
Flying Dutchman: |
Jørgen Bojsen-Møller Jørgen Bojsen-Møller Jørgen Bojsen-Møller is a Danish sailor and Olympic Champion. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul and won a gold medal in the Flying Dutchman class, together with Christian Grønborg. At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona he received a bronze medal in the Flying Dutchman, together... Christian Grønborg Christian Grønborg Christian Grønborg is a Danish sailor and Olympic Champion. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul and won a gold medal in the Flying Dutchman class, together with Jørgen Bojsen-Møller.-References:... |
Ole Pollen Erik Björkum |
Frank McLaughlin Frank McLaughlin (sailor) Frank Joseph McLaughlin is a Canadian sailor. He won a bronze medal in the Flying Dutchman Class at the 1988 Summer Olympics with John Millen. He also finished 9th with in the same category at the 1992 Summer Olympics and 15th at the 1984 Summer Olympics... John Millen John Millen (sailor) John Millen is a Canadian sailor. He won a bronze medal in the Flying Dutchman Class at the 1988 Summer Olympics with Frank McLaughlin. He also finished 9th with in the same category at the 1992 Summer Olympics.-External links:... |
| Tornado: |
Jean Le Deroff Nicolas Hénard Nicolas Hénard Nicolas Hénard is a French sailor. He is two times olympic gold winner. First in the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, winning the Tornado Class with Jean-Yves Le Déroff. Second in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, winning the Tornado Class with Yves Loday.-References:... |
Chris Timms Chris Timms Christopher Ian Timms was a yachtsman from New Zealand. He won a gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, and a silver medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.-References:... Rex Sellers Rex Sellers Rex Samuel Sellers MNZM is a yachtman from New Zealand. He won a gold medal in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, and a silver medal in the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.... |
Lars Grael Lars Grael Lars Schmidt Grael is a former sailor and Brazilian politician. His brother, Torben Grael, is also a sailor.... Clinio Freitas Clinio Freitas Clinio Freitas is a Brazilian sailor. He received a bronze medal in the Tornado Class at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea with Lars Grael.-References:... |
| Star: |
Michael McIntyre Michael McIntyre (sailor) Michael McIntyre is a British sailor and Olympic champion. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul and won a gold medal in the Star class, together with Bryn Vaile.-References:... Bryn Vaile Bryn Vaile Philip Bryn Vaile is a British sailor and Olympic Champion. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul and won a gold medal in the Star class, together with Michael McIntyre.-References:... |
Mark Reynolds Mark Reynolds (sailor) Mark Reynolds is an American Star class sailor and Olympic champion. He has sailed Stars since age four, training with his father who was the 1971 World Champion .... Harold Haenel Harold Haenel Harold Haenel is an American sailor and Olympic Champion. He competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona and won a gold medal in the Star class with Mark Reynolds. He received a silver medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.-References:... |
Torben Grael Torben Grael Torben Schmidt Grael is one of the most well known Brazilian sailors, renowned in international competitions. A descendant of Danes, he was taken sailing by his grandfather at five years old on the sailboat Aileen, of the extinct 6 meter class, which was the boat used by the silver medal winning... Nelson Falcão Nelson Falcão Nelson Falcão is a Brazilian sailor. He received a bronze medal in the Star Class at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea with Torben Grael.-References:... |
Soling: |
Jochen Schümann Jochen Schümann Jochen Schümann is a German sailor and olympic champion.He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, where he won a gold medal in the finn class.... Thomas Flach Thomas Flach Thomas Flach is a German sailor and olympic champion.He competed in the Soling class together with Jochen Schümann and Bernd Jäkel at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, where they won the gold medal. The same crew participated at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where they also received a gold... Bernd Jäkel Bernd Jäkel Bernd Jäkel is a German sailor and Olympic champion.He competed in the Soling class together with Jochen Schümann and Thomas Flach at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, where they won the gold medal. The same crew participated at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where they also received a gold... |
John Kostecki John Kostecki John Paul Kostecki is an American competitive sailor.-Career:Kostecki started his sailing career in the windy and tide-swept waters of San Francisco Bay, California.... William Baylis William Baylis William Henry Baylis is a former American competitive sailor and Olympic silver medalist.-Career:... Robert Billingham Robert Billingham Robert Iain Colin Billingham is a former American competitive sailor and Olympic silver medalist.-Career:... |
Jesper Bank Jesper Bank Jesper Bank is a Danish sailor and Olympic champion.He received a bronze medal in the Soling Class at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.... Jan Mathiasen Jan Mathiasen Jan Mathiasen is a Danish competitive sailor and Olympic medalist. He won a bronze medal in the Soling class at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, together with Jesper Bank and Steen Secher.-References:... Steen Secher Steen Secher Steen Klaaborg Secher is a Danish sailor and Olympic champion.He received a bronze medal in the Soling Class at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. He won a gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.-References:*... |
Sailing 1988
| 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |
| 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | |
| 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
| 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
| 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 8 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
| 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | 8 | 8 | 8 | 24 |
|---|
Sailing 1896–1988
| 1 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 40 | |
| 2 | 15 | 11 | 1 | 27 | |
| 3 | 15 | 8 | 7 | 30 | |
| 4 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 29 | |
| 5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 24 | |
| 6 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 19 | |
| 7 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 8 | |
| 8 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 10 | |
| 9 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 11 | |
| 10 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 8 | |
| 11 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | |
| 12 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 | |
| 13 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 | |
| 14 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | |
| 15 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 | |
| 16 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 | |
| 17 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | |
| 18 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 8 | |
| 19 | (EUA) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||
| 22 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
| 23 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 24 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | |
| 25 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 7 | |
| 26 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
| 27 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| 28 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 32 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Total | 34 | 106 | 98 | 91 | 279 |
|---|
Medal table
| 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |
| 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | |
| 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
| 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
| 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 8 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
| 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Sailing
- Finally after 92 years Olympic history, a specific female event 470 female470 (dinghy)The 470 is a double-handed monohull planing dinghy with a centreboard, Bermuda rig, and centre sheeting. The name is the overall length of the boat in centimetres . The hull is fibreglass with integral buoyancy tanks. The 470 is equipped with spinnaker and trapeze, making teamwork necessary to...
was on the program.