Salvelinus
Encyclopedia
Salvelinus is a genus
of salmonid
fish
often called char or charr; some species are called "trout
". Salvelinus is a member of the Salmoninae subfamily of the Salmonidae
family. Charr may be identified by light cream pink or red spots over a darker body. Scales tend to be small, with 115-200 along the lateral line
. Pectoral, pelvic, anal, and lower aspect of caudal fin
are trimmed in snow white or cream leading edges.
Many members of this genus are popular sports fish, and a few, such as the lake trout
(S. namaycush), are the object of commercial fisheries and aquaculture
. Occasionally such fish escape and become invasive species
.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of salmonid
Salmonidae
Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish, the only living family currently placed in the order Salmoniformes. It includes salmon, trout, chars, freshwater whitefishes and graylings...
fish
Fish
Fish are a paraphyletic group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic vertebrate animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as various extinct related groups...
often called char or charr; some species are called "trout
Trout
Trout is the name for a number of species of freshwater and saltwater fish belonging to the Salmoninae subfamily of the family Salmonidae. Salmon belong to the same family as trout. Most salmon species spend almost all their lives in salt water...
". Salvelinus is a member of the Salmoninae subfamily of the Salmonidae
Salmonidae
Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish, the only living family currently placed in the order Salmoniformes. It includes salmon, trout, chars, freshwater whitefishes and graylings...
family. Charr may be identified by light cream pink or red spots over a darker body. Scales tend to be small, with 115-200 along the lateral line
Lateral line
The lateral line is a sense organ in aquatic organisms , used to detect movement and vibration in the surrounding water. Lateral lines are usually visible as faint lines running lengthwise down each side, from the vicinity of the gill covers to the base of the tail...
. Pectoral, pelvic, anal, and lower aspect of caudal fin
Fin
A fin is a surface used for stability and/or to produce lift and thrust or to steer while traveling in water, air, or other fluid media, . The first use of the word was for the limbs of fish, but has been extended to include other animal limbs and man-made devices...
are trimmed in snow white or cream leading edges.
Many members of this genus are popular sports fish, and a few, such as the lake trout
Lake trout
Lake trout is a freshwater char living mainly in lakes in northern North America. Other names for it include mackinaw, lake char , touladi, togue, and grey trout. In Lake Superior, they can also be variously known as siscowet, paperbellies and leans...
(S. namaycush), are the object of commercial fisheries and aquaculture
Aquaculture
Aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants. Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the...
. Occasionally such fish escape and become invasive species
Invasive species
"Invasive species", or invasive exotics, is a nomenclature term and categorization phrase used for flora and fauna, and for specific restoration-preservation processes in native habitats, with several definitions....
.
Species
These species were recognised by FishBase in February 2010:- Salvelinus agassizi – Silver troutSilver troutThe silver trout is an extinct trout species last seen in Dublin Pond, New Hampshire, in 1930, in a catch of six. The only properly confirmed occurrence of the fish was also in Dublin Pond....
(extinct) - Salvelinus albus Glubokovsky, 1977 – White char
- Salvelinus alpinusArctic charArctic char or Arctic charr is both a freshwater and saltwater fish in the Salmonidae family, native to Arctic, sub-Arctic and alpine lakes and coastal waters. No other freshwater fish is found as far north. It is the only species of fish in Lake Hazen, on Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic...
– Arctic char, "Dolly VardenDolly VardenDolly Varden may refer to:* Dolly Varden , a character in the novel Barnaby Rudge by Charles Dickens. The original usage.* Dolly Vardens , a group of Black women baseball players that comprised the first professional baseball team* Dolly Varden , a musical group from Chicago, Illinois* Dolly Varden...
" (historical use)- Salvelinus alpinus erythrinus (Georgi, 1775) – Davatchan
- Salvelinus alpinus oquassa – Sunapee trout, Blueback char
- Salvelinus alpinus taranetzi – Dwarf Arctic charDwarf Arctic charThe Dwarf Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus taranetzi, and the Taranets char, also Salvelinus alpinus taranetzi are one of three widely recognized subspecies of the Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus that are found in North America...
, Taranets char
- Salvelinus anaktuvukensis – Angayukaksurak charAngayukaksurak charThe angayukaksurak char is a species of fish in the Salmonidae family. It is endemic to Alaska found in a few select brooks range headwaters. Its fin is often harvested to make shampoo.-Source:...
- Salvelinus aureolus (Bean 1887) (often included in S. alpinus)
- Salvelinus boganidae Berg, 1926 – Boganida char
- Salvelinus colii (Günther, 1863)
- Salvelinus confluentus (Suckley, 1859) – Bull troutBull troutThe bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus, is a char of the family Salmonidae native to northwestern North America. Historically, S. confluentus has been known as the "Dolly Varden" , but was re-classified as a separate species in 1980. Bull trout are listed as a threatened species under the U.S....
, "Dolly VardenDolly VardenDolly Varden may refer to:* Dolly Varden , a character in the novel Barnaby Rudge by Charles Dickens. The original usage.* Dolly Vardens , a group of Black women baseball players that comprised the first professional baseball team* Dolly Varden , a musical group from Chicago, Illinois* Dolly Varden...
" (historical use) - Salvelinus curilus (Pallas, 1814)
- Salvelinus czerskii Drjagin, 1932 – Cherskii's char
- Salvelinus drjagini Logashev, 1940 – Dryanin's char
- Salvelinus elgyticus Viktorovsky & Glubokovsky, 1981 – Small-mouth char
- Salvelinus evasus Freyhof & Kottelat, 2005
- Salvelinus fimbriatus Regan, 1908
- Salvelinus fontinalisBrook troutThe brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, is a species of fish in the salmon family of order Salmoniformes. In many parts of its range, it is known as the speckled trout or squaretail. A potamodromous population in Lake Superior are known as coaster trout or, simply, as coasters...
– Brook troutBrook troutThe brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, is a species of fish in the salmon family of order Salmoniformes. In many parts of its range, it is known as the speckled trout or squaretail. A potamodromous population in Lake Superior are known as coaster trout or, simply, as coasters...
, coaster trout, speckled trout - Salvelinus gracillimus Regan, 1909
- Salvelinus grayi (Günther, 1862)
- Salvelinus gritzenkoi Vasil'eva & Stygar, 2000
- Salvelinus inframundus Regan, 1909
- Salvelinus jacuticus Borisov, 1935 – Yakutian char
- Salvelinus japonicus – Kirikuchi charKirikuchi charThe kirikuchi char, Salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus, is a kind of freshwater fish in the Salmonidae family. It is endemic to the Kii Peninsula of central Honshu in Japan. It is the southernmost population of the char genus Salvelinus and is considered a relict in its region...
(sometimes included in S. leucomaenis) - Salvelinus killinensis (Günther, 1866)
- Salvelinus krogiusae Glubokovsky, Frolov, Efremov, Ribnikova & Katugin, 1993
- Salvelinus kronocius Viktorovsky, 1978
- Salvelinus kuznetzovi Taranetz, 1933
- Salvelinus leucomaenisSalvelinus leucomaenisSalvelinus leucomaenis is a Japanese trout in the genus of Salvelinus called Iwana in Japanese and whitespotted char in English. Iwana is widely fished in Japan....
(Pallas, 1814) – Whitespotted char - Salvelinus levanidovi Chereshnev, Skopets & Gudkov, 1989
- Salvelinus lonsdalii Regan, 1909
- Salvelinus mallochi Regan, 1909
- Salvelinus malma – Dolly Varden troutDolly Varden troutThe Dolly Varden trout, Salvelinus malma malma, is a subspecies of anadromous fish in the salmon family, and is technically a char. Although many of the fish are anadromous, the fish also exists in landlocked waters.- Range :The subspecies S. m...
(modern use)- Salvelinus malma lordi – Southern Dolly VardenSouthern Dolly VardenThe Southern Dolly Varden is a subspecies of anadromous fish in the salmon family....
- Salvelinus malma miyabei Oshima, 1938 – Miyabe char
- Salvelinus malma lordi – Southern Dolly Varden
- Salvelinus maxillaris Regan, 1909
- Salvelinus murta (Saemundsson, 1909)
- Salvelinus namaycush – lake troutLake troutLake trout is a freshwater char living mainly in lakes in northern North America. Other names for it include mackinaw, lake char , touladi, togue, and grey trout. In Lake Superior, they can also be variously known as siscowet, paperbellies and leans...
, lake char, touladi, togue, grey trout, siscowet, paperbelly, "mackinaw", "lean" - Salvelinus neiva Taranetz, 1933 – Neiva
- Salvelinus neocomensis Freyhof & Kottelat, 2005
- Salvelinus obtusus Regan, 1908
- Salvelinus perisii (Günther, 1865)
- Salvelinus profundus (Schillinger, 1901)
- Salvelinus scharffi Regan, 1908
- Salvelinus schmidti Viktorovsky, 1978
- Salvelinus struanensis (Maitland, 1881)
- Salvelinus taimyricus Mikhin, 1949
- Salvelinus thingvallensis (Saemundsson, 1909)
- Salvelinus tolmachoffi Berg, 1926 – Esei lake char
- Salvelinus trevelyani Regan, 1908
- Salvelinus umbla (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Salvelinus vasiljevae Safronov & Zvezdov, 2005 – Sakhalinian char
- Salvelinus willoughbii (Günther, 1862)
- Salvelinus youngeri (Friend, 1965)
- Salvelinus charsmithus (Anderson, 2009)
Hybrids
- Salvelinus alpinus × Salvelinus fontinalis – Alsatian char
- Salvelinus namaycush × Salvelinus fontinalis – SplakeSplakeThe splake is a hybrid of two fish species resulting from the crossing of a male brook trout and a female lake trout...
, brookinaw - Salvelinus fontinalis × Salmo truttaBrown troutThe brown trout and the sea trout are fish of the same species....
– Tiger troutTiger troutThe tiger trout is a sterile, intergeneric hybrid of the brown trout and the brook trout . The name derives from the pronounced vermiculations, evoking the stripes of a tiger. It is a rare phenomenon in the wild, with the brook trout having 84 chromosomes and the brown trout 80...