Samanhoedi
Encyclopedia
Hadji Samanhoedi was founder of Sarekat Dagang Islam, a mass organization in Indonesia
that was previously an association for batik
traders in Surakarta
.
Born in Lawiyan, Solo (Surakarta) as Soedarno Nadi, he was educated until SR (Sekolah Rakyat) but he didn't graduate. After that he learned Islam
in Surabaya
. At the same time he traded batik.
Around 1911 there was an unhealthy competition between Indonesian traders and Chinese traders. Indonesian traders were oppressed by Dutch
geovernment, while Chinese traders were helped. Hence Indonesian traders couldn't expand. Seeing this imbalanced condition, Samanhoedi made an effort to arrange strength in trade
and religion
. In 1911, he established Sarekat Dagang Islam in Solo. This organization's aim was to defend Indonesian traders' interest.
SDI's birth was answered extraordinarily. In the short time ith branches were founded in outer Solo. The Dutch government was shocked to see this development. After that, SDI was promoted to political party
. On September 10, 1912, SDI was changed to SI (Sarekat Islam
; Islamic Union). H. Samanhoedi was elected to be its chairman until 1914. After that, SDI was led by H.O.S. Tjokroaminoto, and grew to be mass party.
Since 1920, H. Samanhoedi wasn't active in the party. His health was bad, but his interest to national movement never calmed down. For a long time his name never appeared. After Indonesia's independence, he was active again. To defend Republic of Indonesia facing Dutch aggression, Samanhoedi formed Solo Branch of Indonesian Rebel Front (Barisan Pemberontak Indonesia Cabang Solo) and Pancasila Union Branch (Cabang Persatuan Pancasila). When the Netherlands launched Clash II, he formed an army named Hawk Union Movement (Gerakan Kesatuan Alap-alap). That army was assigned to provide equipments mainly foods for army union fighting in the front line. There were many services he gave when Indonesian National Revolution
took place.
He died in Klaten
(28 December 1956) and was buried in Banaran, Grogol, Sukoharjo
.
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
that was previously an association for batik
Batik
Batik is a cloth that traditionally uses a manual wax-resist dyeing technique. Batik or fabrics with the traditional batik patterns are found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, China, Azerbaijan, India, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Nigeria, Senegal, and Singapore.Javanese traditional batik, especially from...
traders in Surakarta
Surakarta
Surakarta, also called Solo or Sala, is a city in Central Java, Indonesia of more than 520,061 people with a population density of 11,811.5 people/km2. The 44 km2 city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency to the east and...
.
Born in Lawiyan, Solo (Surakarta) as Soedarno Nadi, he was educated until SR (Sekolah Rakyat) but he didn't graduate. After that he learned Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
in Surabaya
Surabaya
Surabaya is Indonesia's second-largest city with a population of over 2.7 million , and the capital of the province of East Java...
. At the same time he traded batik.
Around 1911 there was an unhealthy competition between Indonesian traders and Chinese traders. Indonesian traders were oppressed by Dutch
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
geovernment, while Chinese traders were helped. Hence Indonesian traders couldn't expand. Seeing this imbalanced condition, Samanhoedi made an effort to arrange strength in trade
Trade
Trade is the transfer of ownership of goods and services from one person or entity to another. Trade is sometimes loosely called commerce or financial transaction or barter. A network that allows trade is called a market. The original form of trade was barter, the direct exchange of goods and...
and religion
Religion
Religion is a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and worldviews that establishes symbols that relate humanity to spirituality and, sometimes, to moral values. Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life or to...
. In 1911, he established Sarekat Dagang Islam in Solo. This organization's aim was to defend Indonesian traders' interest.
SDI's birth was answered extraordinarily. In the short time ith branches were founded in outer Solo. The Dutch government was shocked to see this development. After that, SDI was promoted to political party
Political party
A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions...
. On September 10, 1912, SDI was changed to SI (Sarekat Islam
Sarekat Islam
Sarekat Islam, formerly Sarekat Dagang Islam, was a Javanese batik traders's cooperative in Indonesia.Sarekat Dagang Islam was founded by Haji Samanhudi, a businessman in Surakarta, in 1905 or 1912. His business was trading in batik, the traditional cloth made in Java...
; Islamic Union). H. Samanhoedi was elected to be its chairman until 1914. After that, SDI was led by H.O.S. Tjokroaminoto, and grew to be mass party.
Since 1920, H. Samanhoedi wasn't active in the party. His health was bad, but his interest to national movement never calmed down. For a long time his name never appeared. After Indonesia's independence, he was active again. To defend Republic of Indonesia facing Dutch aggression, Samanhoedi formed Solo Branch of Indonesian Rebel Front (Barisan Pemberontak Indonesia Cabang Solo) and Pancasila Union Branch (Cabang Persatuan Pancasila). When the Netherlands launched Clash II, he formed an army named Hawk Union Movement (Gerakan Kesatuan Alap-alap). That army was assigned to provide equipments mainly foods for army union fighting in the front line. There were many services he gave when Indonesian National Revolution
Indonesian National Revolution
The Indonesian National Revolution or Indonesian War of Independence was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between Indonesia and the Dutch Empire, and an internal social revolution...
took place.
He died in Klaten
Klaten
Klaten is a regency in Central Java province in Indonesia. Its capital is Klaten.-Geograpy:Klaten borders on Boyolali Regency in the North, Sukoharjo Regency and Wonogiri Regency in the East, and Special Region of Yogyakarta to the South and West...
(28 December 1956) and was buried in Banaran, Grogol, Sukoharjo
Grogol, Sukoharjo
Grogol is a subdistrict in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The housing estate, Solo Baru is located here and this subdistrict is a satellite city of Surakarta....
.