Sangama Dynasty
Encyclopedia
The Sangama Dynasty was the first dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire
. Founded by the brothers, Harihara I
(also called Vira Harihara or Hakka Raya) and Bukka Raya I, they were sons of Bhavana Sangama. This is stated in inscriptions that they were from the Kuruba
clan.
clan and commanders of the King of Warangal's army, where after the King of Warangal
was defeated by Muhammad bin Tughlaq, he captured both Bukka and his brother as prisoners and send them to Delhi were both were forced to follow Islam. However, Bukka and Hakka eventually escaped and retained their Hindu traditions and founded the Vijayanagara
Empire under the influence of the Brahmin sage Vidyaranya
. Another account says that the brothers were instead in connection with the Hoysalas and were born from Karnataka
near the Hampi
territory, and that they were the successors to the Hoysala sovereignty by natural process. Harihara, the first emperor extended the Vijayanagara lands from Kaveri to Krishna
, though he continually come into conflict with the Bahamani sultans. Afterwards he was succeeded by his brother Bukka, who continually expanded the empire throughout south India
. This included conquering Madhurai and extending his territory into the south all the way to Rameswaram, defeating the Shambuvaraya Kingdom of Arcot and the Reddis of Kondavidu, conquering Goa
and the kingdom of Orissa
, as well as forcing Ceylon and Malabar to pay tributes to the empire.
, continued Bukka's campaign through southern India and managed to take control of coastal Andhra between Nellore
and Kalinga
and conquer the Addanki and Srisailam
areas as well as most of the territory between the peninsula to the south of the Krishna River
. Harihara II also managed to conquer many Indian ports such as that of Goa, Chaul
, and Dabhol.
After Harihara II died the throne was in conflict between Virupaksha Raya
, Bukka Raya II
, and Deva Raya
of which Deva Raya eventually would come out as victor. During his reign, Deva Raya managed to successfully control the vast amount of territory in the empire. The kings after Deva Raya on the other hand did not manage to do anything significant at all for the kingdom. This was until Deva Raya II
, who would bring about the golden age of the Sangama Dynasty. Under Deva Raya II's rule, the empire would succeed in completely conquering southern India such as conquering Kondavidu, defeating the ruler of Quilon
as well as other chieftains, extending the empire from Orissa to Malabar and from Ceylon to Gulbarga
, and also taking over a lot of the major Indian ports. However after Deva Raya II, his incompetent successors would eventually lead to the destruction of the dynasty with the Bahamani Kingdoms continually taking over much of the Vijayanaga territory.
Vijayanagara Empire
The Vijayanagara Empire , referred as the Kingdom of Bisnaga by the Portuguese, was an empire based in South Indian in the Deccan Plateau region. It was established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I of the Yadava lineage. The empire rose to prominence as a culmination of attempts...
. Founded by the brothers, Harihara I
Harihara I
Harihara I , also called Hakka ಹಕ್ಕ and Vira Harihara I, was the founder of the Vijayanagara empire. He was Bhavana Sangama’s eldest son, belonged to the Kuruba clan and was founder of the Sangama dynasty, the first among the four dynasties that ruled Vijayanagara...
(also called Vira Harihara or Hakka Raya) and Bukka Raya I, they were sons of Bhavana Sangama. This is stated in inscriptions that they were from the Kuruba
Kuruba
Kuruba / Kuruba Gowda or Kuruma is a caste of Hindus who mainly were shepherds in the past. The community is present in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. They are known as Dhangars in Maharashtra, Kurumba / Kurumans / Kurumbar in Tamil Nadu, Kuruba Gowda or Halumatha Gowda in...
clan.
Foundation and early history
The Sangama Dynasty was founded by Harihara I and Bukka, though there are many debated theories of how the dynasty was truly founded. One theory states that Bukka and Hakka were born from the KurubaKuruba
Kuruba / Kuruba Gowda or Kuruma is a caste of Hindus who mainly were shepherds in the past. The community is present in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. They are known as Dhangars in Maharashtra, Kurumba / Kurumans / Kurumbar in Tamil Nadu, Kuruba Gowda or Halumatha Gowda in...
clan and commanders of the King of Warangal's army, where after the King of Warangal
Warangal
Warangal is a city and a municipal corporation in Warangal district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Warangal is located northeast of the state capital of Hyderabad and is the administrative headquarters of Warangal District. This district is a combination of three cities: Warangal,...
was defeated by Muhammad bin Tughlaq, he captured both Bukka and his brother as prisoners and send them to Delhi were both were forced to follow Islam. However, Bukka and Hakka eventually escaped and retained their Hindu traditions and founded the Vijayanagara
Vijayanagara
Vijayanagara is in Bellary District, northern Karnataka. It is the name of the now-ruined capital city "which was regarded as the second Rome" that surrounds modern-day Hampi, of the historic Vijayanagara empire which extended over the southern part of India....
Empire under the influence of the Brahmin sage Vidyaranya
Vidyaranya
' is variously known as being a kingmaker, patron saint and high priest to Harihara Raya I and Bukka Raya I, the founders of the Vijayanagar Empire. He was the 12th Jagadguru of the Sringeri Sharada Peetham from 1380 to 1386 A.D. He was born to and in in 1268 CE. Another account has it that he...
. Another account says that the brothers were instead in connection with the Hoysalas and were born from Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...
near the Hampi
Hampi
Hampi is a village in northern Karnataka state, India. It is located within the ruins of Vijayanagara, the former capital of the Vijayanagara Empire. Predating the city of Vijayanagara, it continues to be an important religious centre, housing the Virupaksha Temple, as well as several other...
territory, and that they were the successors to the Hoysala sovereignty by natural process. Harihara, the first emperor extended the Vijayanagara lands from Kaveri to Krishna
Krishna
Krishna is a central figure of Hinduism and is traditionally attributed the authorship of the Bhagavad Gita. He is the supreme Being and considered in some monotheistic traditions as an Avatar of Vishnu...
, though he continually come into conflict with the Bahamani sultans. Afterwards he was succeeded by his brother Bukka, who continually expanded the empire throughout south India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. This included conquering Madhurai and extending his territory into the south all the way to Rameswaram, defeating the Shambuvaraya Kingdom of Arcot and the Reddis of Kondavidu, conquering Goa
Goa
Goa , a former Portuguese colony, is India's smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Located in South West India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its...
and the kingdom of Orissa
Orissa
Orissa , officially Odisha since Nov 2011, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BC. The modern state of Orissa was established on 1 April...
, as well as forcing Ceylon and Malabar to pay tributes to the empire.
Successors
Bukka's successor, Harihara IIHarihara II
Harihara II was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from the Sangama Dynasty. He patronised Kannada poet Madhura, a Jaina. An important work on Vedas was completed during his time...
, continued Bukka's campaign through southern India and managed to take control of coastal Andhra between Nellore
Nellore
Nellore , is a city and headquarters of Potti Sri Ramulu Nellore District, formerly Nellore district.And in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Ancient name of Nellore was "Vikrama Simhapuri"....
and Kalinga
Kalinga (India)
Kalinga was an early state in central-eastern India, which comprised most of the modern state of Orissa/Utkal , as well as the Andhra region of the bordering state of Andhra Pradesh. It was a rich and fertile land that extended from the river Damodar/Ganges to Godavari and from Bay of Bengal to...
and conquer the Addanki and Srisailam
Srisailam
Srisailam is a holy town and mandal, situated in Nallamala Hills of Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located on the banks of River Krishna, about 232 km south of Hyderabad....
areas as well as most of the territory between the peninsula to the south of the Krishna River
Krishna River
The Krishna River , is one of the longest rivers in central-southern India, about . It is also referred to as Krishnaveni in its original nomenclature...
. Harihara II also managed to conquer many Indian ports such as that of Goa, Chaul
Chaul
Chaul is a former city of Portuguese India, now in ruins. It is located 60 km south of Mumbai, in Raigad District of Maharashtra state in western India....
, and Dabhol.
After Harihara II died the throne was in conflict between Virupaksha Raya
Virupaksha Raya
Virupaksha Raya was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from the Sangama Dynasty.With the death of Harihara II, the throne for the Vijayanagara Empire was disputed among his sons, including Deva Raya I, Bukka Raya II, and Virupaksha Raya...
, Bukka Raya II
Bukka Raya II
Bukka Raya II was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from the Sangama Dynasty.After the death of Harihara II the succession of the throne was disputed among Harihara II's sons. Virupaksha Raya managed to rule for a few months before he was murdered by his own sons. After Virupaksha's death,...
, and Deva Raya
Deva Raya
Deva Raya I was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from the Sangama Dynasty.Like his grandfather Harihara II, he patronised the Jain Kannada poet Madhura...
of which Deva Raya eventually would come out as victor. During his reign, Deva Raya managed to successfully control the vast amount of territory in the empire. The kings after Deva Raya on the other hand did not manage to do anything significant at all for the kingdom. This was until Deva Raya II
Deva Raya II
Deva Raya II was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from the Sangama Dynasty. Perhaps the greatest of the Sangama dynasty rulers, he patronised some of the famous Kannada and Telugu poets of the time...
, who would bring about the golden age of the Sangama Dynasty. Under Deva Raya II's rule, the empire would succeed in completely conquering southern India such as conquering Kondavidu, defeating the ruler of Quilon
Venad
Venad Swarupam was one of the three prominent late medieval Hindu feudal kingdoms on Malabar Coast, south India, along with Kingdom of Calicut and Kingdom of Cannanore. In the early 14th century, Venad ruler Ravi Varma Kulasekhara had established a short-lived supremacy over southern India...
as well as other chieftains, extending the empire from Orissa to Malabar and from Ceylon to Gulbarga
Gulbarga
Gulbarga is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the administrative headquarters of Gulbarga District. It was formerly part of Nizam's Hyderabad state...
, and also taking over a lot of the major Indian ports. However after Deva Raya II, his incompetent successors would eventually lead to the destruction of the dynasty with the Bahamani Kingdoms continually taking over much of the Vijayanaga territory.
External links
- http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history_medieval.html
- History of KArnataka, Arthikaje
- http://prabhu.50g.com/vijayngr/vij_sangama.html