Santa Fe Institute
Encyclopedia
The Santa Fe Institute is an independent, nonprofit theoretical research institute located in Santa Fe
(New Mexico
, United States
) and dedicated to the multidisciplinary study of the fundamental principles of complex adaptive systems
, including physical, computational, biological, and social systems.
The Institute houses a small number of resident faculty, who collaborate with many affiliated and visiting scholars. Although theoretical scientific research is the Institute's primary focus, it hosts a number of complex systems summer schools, internships, and other educational programs throughout the year.
The Institute's annual funding is derived primarily from private donors, grant-making foundations, government science agencies, and companies affiliated with its Business Network.
, David Pines
, Stirling Colgate
, Murray Gell-Mann
, Nick Metropolis, Herb Anderson, Peter A. Carruthers
, and Richard Slansky. All but Pines and Gell-Mann were scientists with Los Alamos National Laboratory
. In conceiving of the Institute, the scientists sought a forum to conduct theoretical research outside the traditional disciplinary boundaries of academic departments and government agency science budgets.
Historically, researchers affiliated with the Institute played roles to varying degrees in the development and use of methods for studying complex systems, including agent-based modeling, network theory
, computational immunology
, the physics of financial markets, genetic algorithms, the physics of computation, computational chemistry and drug discovery, and machine learning
.
The Institute also studies foundational topics in the physics and mathematics of complex systems, using tools from related disciplines such as information theory
, combinatorics
, computational complexity theory
and condensed matter physics
. Recent research in this area has included studies of phase transitions in NP-hard problems.
Some of the Institute's accomplishments are:
referred to at SFI as "complexity science". Subsequent to the Institute's founding, a number of complexity institutes and departments were begun, including:
Santa Fe, New Mexico
Santa Fe is the capital of the U.S. state of New Mexico. It is the fourth-largest city in the state and is the seat of . Santa Fe had a population of 67,947 in the 2010 census...
(New Mexico
New Mexico
New Mexico is a state located in the southwest and western regions of the United States. New Mexico is also usually considered one of the Mountain States. With a population density of 16 per square mile, New Mexico is the sixth-most sparsely inhabited U.S...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
) and dedicated to the multidisciplinary study of the fundamental principles of complex adaptive systems
Complex systems
Complex systems present problems in mathematical modelling.The equations from which complex system models are developed generally derive from statistical physics, information theory and non-linear dynamics, and represent organized but unpredictable behaviors of systems of nature that are considered...
, including physical, computational, biological, and social systems.
The Institute houses a small number of resident faculty, who collaborate with many affiliated and visiting scholars. Although theoretical scientific research is the Institute's primary focus, it hosts a number of complex systems summer schools, internships, and other educational programs throughout the year.
The Institute's annual funding is derived primarily from private donors, grant-making foundations, government science agencies, and companies affiliated with its Business Network.
History
The Santa Fe Institute was founded in 1984 by scientists George CowanGeorge Cowan
George A. Cowan is an American physical chemist, a businessman and philanthropist. He conducted early research in the Manhattan Project. George served 39 years at Los Alamos National Laboratory as director of chemistry, associate director of research and senior laboratory fellow. He participated...
, David Pines
David Pines
David Pines is the Founding Director of the Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter and the International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter , Distinguished Professor of Physics, UC Davis, Research Professor of Physics and Professor...
, Stirling Colgate
Stirling Colgate
Stirling Colgate is an American physicist at Los Alamos National Laboratory and a professor emeritus of physics at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology . He was America's premier diagnostician of thermonuclear weapons during the early years at the Lawrence Livermore National...
, Murray Gell-Mann
Murray Gell-Mann
Murray Gell-Mann is an American physicist and linguist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles...
, Nick Metropolis, Herb Anderson, Peter A. Carruthers
Peter A. Carruthers
Peter Carruthers was an American physicist best known for leading the theoretical division of Los Alamos National Laboratory from 1973 until 1980.-Early life and education:...
, and Richard Slansky. All but Pines and Gell-Mann were scientists with Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos National Laboratory is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory, managed and operated by Los Alamos National Security , located in Los Alamos, New Mexico...
. In conceiving of the Institute, the scientists sought a forum to conduct theoretical research outside the traditional disciplinary boundaries of academic departments and government agency science budgets.
Research
Research at the Institute focuses on systems commonly described as complex adaptive systems. Recent research has included studies of the processes leading to the emergence of early life, evolutionary computation, metabolic and ecological scaling laws, the fundamental properties of cities, the evolutionary diversification of viral strains, the interactions and conflicts of primate social groups, the history of languages, the structure and dynamics of species interactions including food webs, the dynamics of financial markets, and the emergence of hierarchy and cooperation in the human species, and biological and technological innovation.Historically, researchers affiliated with the Institute played roles to varying degrees in the development and use of methods for studying complex systems, including agent-based modeling, network theory
Network theory
Network theory is an area of computer science and network science and part of graph theory. It has application in many disciplines including statistical physics, particle physics, computer science, biology, economics, operations research, and sociology...
, computational immunology
Computational immunology
In academia, computational immunology is a field of science that encompasses high-throughput genomic and bioinformatics approaches to immunology...
, the physics of financial markets, genetic algorithms, the physics of computation, computational chemistry and drug discovery, and machine learning
Machine learning
Machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, is a scientific discipline concerned with the design and development of algorithms that allow computers to evolve behaviors based on empirical data, such as from sensor data or databases...
.
The Institute also studies foundational topics in the physics and mathematics of complex systems, using tools from related disciplines such as information theory
Information theory
Information theory is a branch of applied mathematics and electrical engineering involving the quantification of information. Information theory was developed by Claude E. Shannon to find fundamental limits on signal processing operations such as compressing data and on reliably storing and...
, combinatorics
Combinatorics
Combinatorics is a branch of mathematics concerning the study of finite or countable discrete structures. Aspects of combinatorics include counting the structures of a given kind and size , deciding when certain criteria can be met, and constructing and analyzing objects meeting the criteria ,...
, computational complexity theory
Computational complexity theory
Computational complexity theory is a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science and mathematics that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty, and relating those classes to each other...
and condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics deals with the physical properties of condensed phases of matter. These properties appear when a number of atoms at the supramolecular and macromolecular scale interact strongly and adhere to each other or are otherwise highly concentrated in a system. The most familiar...
. Recent research in this area has included studies of phase transitions in NP-hard problems.
Some of the Institute's accomplishments are:
- SFI's complexity research led to efforts to create artificial lifeArtificial lifeArtificial life is a field of study and an associated art form which examine systems related to life, its processes, and its evolution through simulations using computer models, robotics, and biochemistry. The discipline was named by Christopher Langton, an American computer scientist, in 1986...
modeling real organisms and ecosystems in the 1980s and 1990s. - Foundational contributions to the complexity economicsComplexity economicsComplexity economics is the application of complexity science to the problems of economics. It studies computer simulations to gain insight into economic dynamics, and avoids the assumption that the economy is a system in equilibrium.- Models :...
school of thought. - The "Evolution of Human Languages" project, an attempt to trace all human language to a common root (cf. Proto-World).
Resident faculty
- Tanmoy Bhattacharya
- Sam BowlesSamuel Bowles (economist)Samuel Bowles is an American economist and Professor Emeritus at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst where he taught courses on microeconomics and the theory of institutions.- Biography :...
- George CowanGeorge CowanGeorge A. Cowan is an American physical chemist, a businessman and philanthropist. He conducted early research in the Manhattan Project. George served 39 years at Los Alamos National Laboratory as director of chemistry, associate director of research and senior laboratory fellow. He participated...
- Jennifer A. Dunne
- Douglas ErwinDouglas ErwinDouglas Erwin is a paleobiologist and Curator of Paleozoic Invertebrates at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.He has written two books: Extinction: How Life on Earth Nearly Ended 250 Million Years Ago in 2006, and The Great Paleozoic Crisis: Life and Death in the Permian in 1993....
- J. Doyne FarmerJ. Doyne FarmerJ. Doyne Farmer is an American physicist and entrepreneur, with interest in chaos theory and complexity. He is a professor at the Santa Fe Institute. He was also a member of Eudaemonic Enterprises.-Biography:...
- Jessica Flack
- Murray Gell-MannMurray Gell-MannMurray Gell-Mann is an American physicist and linguist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles...
- David Krakauer
- Fabrizio Lillo
- John H. Miller
- Cristopher Moore
- Jerry SabloffJerry SabloffJeremy "Jerry" Arac Sabloff is an American anthropologist and president of the Santa Fe Institute in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Sabloff is an expert on ancient Maya civilization and pre-industrial urbanism...
- Paula Sabloff
- Geoffrey WestGeoffrey WestGeoffrey Brian West is a British theoretical physicist, former president and distinguished professor of the Santa Fe Institute. He is one of the leading scientists working on a scientific model of cities...
- Chris Wood
Other affiliated scientists
- Phil AndersonPhilip Warren AndersonPhilip Warren Anderson is an American physicist and Nobel laureate. Anderson has made contributions to the theories of localization, antiferromagnetism and high-temperature superconductivity.- Biography :...
- W. Brian ArthurW. Brian ArthurWilliam Brian Arthur is an economist credited with influencing and describing the modern theory of increasing returns. He has lived and worked in Northern California for many years. He is an authority on economics in relation to complexity theory, technology and financial markets...
- Nihat Ay
- Sander F.A. Bais
- Aviv Bergman
- Carl BergstromCarl BergstromCarl T. Bergstrom is a theoretical and evolutionary biologist and a professor at the University of Washington , with a secondary appointment at the Santa Fe Institute. His work concerns the flow of information through biological and social networks and the ecology and evolution, including the...
- Luis Bettencourt
- Lawrence E. BlumeLawrence E. BlumeLawrence E. Blume is a Goldwin Smith Professor of Economics at Cornell University, USA.He is a Visiting Research Professor at IHS and a member of the external faculty at the Santa Fe Institute, where he has served as Co-Director of the Economics Program and on the Institute's steering committee...
- Robert Boyd
- Elizabeth Bradley
- James BrownJames Brown (ecologist)James Hemphill Brown , is an American biologist and academic.He is an ecologist, and a Distinguished Professor of Biology at the University of New Mexico...
- Timothy G. Buchman
- David K. Campbell
- Carlos Castillo-ChavezCarlos Castillo-ChavezCarlos Castillo-Chavez is a Regents Professor, and Joaquin Bustoz Jr. Professor of Mathematical Biology at Arizona State University and the executive director of the Mathematical and Theoretical Biology Institute and Institute for Strengthening the Understanding of Mathematics and Science as well...
- Morten Christiansen
- Linda Cordell
- James P. Crutchfield
- Lisa CurranLisa CurranLisa Curran is an American tropical forester, and Roger and Cynthia Lang Professor in Environment & Anthropology, at Stanford University.She graduated from Harvard University, and Princeton University with a Ph.D....
- Raissa D'Souza
- Vincent Danos
- Rob de Boer
- Andrew Dobson
- Santiago F. Elena
- Brian J. Enquist
- Joshua M. EpsteinJoshua M. EpsteinJoshua M. Epstein is Professor of Emergency Medicine at Johns Hopkins University, and a member of the External Faculty of the Santa Fe Institute.- Early life and Education:Epstein was born in New York City and grew up in Amherst....
- Nina FedoroffNina FedoroffNina Vsevolod Fedoroff is an American professor at Penn State university known for her research in life sciences and biotechnology. She received in 2006 the National Medal of Science in the field of Biological Sciences, the highest award for lifetime achievement in scientific research in the...
- Marcus W. Feldman
- Duncan Foley
- Walter Fontana
- Stephanie Forrest
- Steven Frank
- John GeanakoplosJohn GeanakoplosJohn Geanakoplos is the James Tobin Professor of Economics at Yale University. Before the Late-2000s financial crisis, he was known primarily for his contributions to General equilibrium theory, particularly Incomplete markets general equilibrium theory...
- Herbert GintisHerbert GintisHerbert Gintis is an American behavioral scientist, educator, and author. He is notable for his foundational views on Altruism, Cooperation, Epistemic Game Theory, Gene-culture coevolution, Efficiency wages, Strong reciprocity, and Human capital theory. Gintis has also written extensively on...
- Deborah M. Gordon
- Jessica Green
- David GrossDavid GrossDavid Jonathan Gross is an American particle physicist and string theorist. Along with Frank Wilczek and David Politzer, he was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery of asymptotic freedom. He is currently the director and holder of the Frederick W...
- George Gumerman
- Peter Hammerstein
- Bailin Hao
- John Harte
- James HartleJames HartleJames Burkett Hartle is an American physicist. He has been a professor of physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara since 1966, and he is currently a member of the external faculty of the Santa Fe Institute...
- Juris HartmanisJuris HartmanisJuris Hartmanis is a prominent computer scientist and computational theorist who, with Richard E. Stearns, received the 1993 ACM Turing Award "in recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of computational complexity theory".Hartmanis was born in Latvia...
- Dirk HelbingDirk HelbingDirk Helbing is a physicist, and professor of sociology, in particular for modelling and simulation.- Biography :Dirk Helbing studied physics and mathematics at the University of Göttingen. He completed his doctoral thesis at Stuttgart University, on modeling social processes by means of...
- John H. HollandJohn Henry HollandJohn Henry Holland is an American scientist and Professor of Psychology and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He is a pioneer in complex systems and nonlinear science. He is known as the father of genetic algorithms. He was awarded...
- Alfred HublerAlfred HublerAlfred Wilhelm Hübler is a German-born research physicist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory as well as a tenured faculty member in the UIUC Department of Physics...
- Ray JackendoffRay JackendoffRay Jackendoff is an American linguist. He is professor of philosophy, Seth Merrin Chair in the Humanities and, with Daniel Dennett, Co-director of the Center for Cognitive Studies at Tufts University...
- Matthew Jackson
- Arthur JaffeArthur JaffeArthur Jaffe is an American mathematical physicist and a professor at Harvard University. Born on December 22, 1937 he attended Princeton University as an undergraduate obtaining a degree in chemistry, and later Clare College, Cambridge, as a Marshall Scholar, obtaining a degree in mathematics...
- Sanjay Jain
- Erica Jen
- Juergen Jost
- Stuart KauffmanStuart KauffmanStuart Alan Kauffman is an American theoretical biologist and complex systems researcher concerning the origin of life on Earth...
- Sallie Keller
- Eric Klopfer
- Mimi KoehlM. A. R. KoehlMimi A. R. Koehl is an American marine biologist, professor at University of California, Berkeley, and head of the Koehl Lab.She graduated from Gettysburg College Magna Cum Laude, with a B.A. in Biology, and Duke University with a Ph.D...
- Tim Kohler
- Bette Korber
- Supriya Krishnamurthy
- Arthur LanderArthur LanderArthur D. Lander, M.D., Ph.D. is Director of the Center for Complex Biological Systems at the University of California, Irvine.He was born in Brooklyn, New York, and is an alumnus of John Dewey High School there. He received a B.A. from Yale University and a combined M.D., Ph.D from the University...
- David LaneDavid A. Lane (scientist)David A. Lane is an American economist, who developed the theory of artifact innovation. At the Santa Fe Institute he has been defining the notion of economic complexity and the Santa Fe approach...
- J. Stephen Lansing
- Richard LenskiRichard LenskiRichard E. Lenski is an American evolutionary biologist. He is the son of sociologist Gerhard Lenski. He earned his BA from Oberlin College in 1976, and his PhD from the University of North Carolina in 1982...
- Simon Levin
- Richard LewontinRichard LewontinRichard Charles "Dick" Lewontin is an American evolutionary biologist, geneticist and social commentator. A leader in developing the mathematical basis of population genetics and evolutionary theory, he pioneered the notion of using techniques from molecular biology such as gel electrophoresis to...
- Seth LloydSeth LloydSeth Lloyd is a professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He refers to himself as a "quantum mechanic"....
- Jonathan Machta
- Pablo Marquet
- Eric MaskinEric MaskinEric Stark Maskin is an American economist and Nobel laureate recognized with Leonid Hurwicz and Roger Myerson "for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory." He is the Albert O...
- Robert MayRobert May, Baron May of OxfordRobert McCredie May, Baron May of Oxford, OM, AC, PRS is an Australian scientist who has been Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government, President of the Royal Society, and a Professor at Sydney and Princeton. He now holds joint professorships at Oxford, and Imperial College London...
- Michael J. MauboussinMichael MauboussinMichael J. Mauboussin, Chief Investment Strategist at Legg-Mason Capital Management Inc and Adjunct Professor of Finance at the Columbia Business School, is regarded as one of the world’s experts in behavioural finance, and is widely read as an author and as an analyst.Prior to joining Legg-Mason...
- Stephan Mertens
- Lauren Ancel Meyers
- Melanie MitchellMelanie MitchellMelanie Mitchell is a professor of computer science at Portland State University. She has worked at the Santa Fe Institute and Los Alamos National Laboratory...
- Harold Morowitz
- Michel Morvan
- Mark NewmanMark NewmanMark Newman is a British physicist and Paul A. M. Dirac Professor of Physics at the University of Michigan, as well as an external faculty member of the Santa Fe Institute...
- Kazuo Nishimura
- George OsterGeorge OsterGeorge Oster is an American mathematical biologist, and Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology at University of California, Berkeley.He graduated from Columbia University, with a Ph.D., in Nuclear Engineering....
- Scott Page
- Mark Pagel
- Mercedes Pascual
- John Pepper
- Alan Perelson
- Juan Perez-Mercader
- David PinesDavid PinesDavid Pines is the Founding Director of the Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter and the International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter , Distinguished Professor of Physics, UC Davis, Research Professor of Physics and Professor...
- Woody PowellWalter W. PowellWalter W. Powell , born 1951, is a contemporary American sociologist. Powell is Professor of Education, Sociology, Organizational Behavior, Management Science and Engineering, and Communication at Stanford University and the Stanford University School of Education since 1999 and is known for his...
- Steen RasmussenSteen RasmussenSteen Rasmussen was born in Elsinore, Denmark, in 1955. He is an Artificial Life scientist who has published numerous reviews and reports in the Journal, Artificial Life. He coined the term, complex systems dogma, which alludes to the presupposition that simple lower-level elements can give rise to...
- Sidney RednerSidney RednerSidney Redner is a Canadian-born physicist and professor of physics at Boston University. Redner has published over 200 journal articles, authored a book titled A Guide to First-Passage Processes , and coauthored a book titled A Kinetic View of Statistical Physics with Pavel L. Krapivsky and Eli...
- Sir Martin Rees
- Dan Rockmore
- John Rundle
- Donald Saari
- Van Savage
- Hans Joachim (John) SchellnhuberHans Joachim SchellnhuberHans Joachim "John" Schellnhuber is the founding Director of Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and Chair of the German Advisory Council on Global Change. He is also providing advice to the President of the European Union Commission, José Manuel Barroso....
- Daniel P. SchragDaniel P. SchragDaniel P. Schrag is Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology, Professor of Environmental Science and Engineering, Director of the University Center for the Environment, and Director of the Laboratory for Geochemical Oceanography at Harvard University. He is also an external professor at the Santa Fe...
- Peter SchusterPeter SchusterPeter K. Schuster is a renowned theoretical chemist, known for his work with the German Nobel Laureate Manfred Eigen in developing the quasispecies model...
- Rajiv Sethi
- Cosma ShaliziCosma ShaliziCosma Rohilla Shalizi is an assistant professor in the Department of Statistics at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh....
- David Sherrington
- Martin ShubikMartin ShubikMartin Shubik is an American economist, who is Professor Emeritus of Mathematical Institutional Economics at Yale University. He was educated at the University of Toronto and Princeton University...
- Derek Smith
- Ricard V. Solé
- Peter Stadler
- Daniel L. SteinDaniel L. SteinDaniel L. Stein , American physicist, is the Dean of Science and Professor of Physics and Mathematics at New York University.He has contributed to a wide range of scientific fields...
- Chuck StevensCharles F. StevensCharles F. "Chuck" Stevens is an American neurobiologist at the Salk Institute in La Jolla.He is currently the Vincent J. Coates Professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and adjunct Professor of Pharmacology and Neuroscience at UCSD's School of Medicine...
- Alan Swedlund
- Stefan Thurner
- Joseph F. Traub
- Constantino TsallisConstantino TsallisConstantino Tsallis is a naturalized Brazilian physicist working in Rio de Janeiro at CBPF, Brazil. He was born in Greece, and grew up in Argentina, where he studied physics at Instituto Balseiro, in Bariloche. In 1974 he received a Doctorat d'Etat et Sciences Physiques degree from the University...
- Sander van der Leeuw
- Andreas Wagner
- Kenneth P. Weiss
- Douglas R. WhiteDouglas R. WhiteDouglas R. White is an American complexity researcher , social anthropologist, sociologist, and social network researcher at the University of California, Irvine.-Biography:...
- Peter Wolynes
- William (Woody) Woodruff
- Henry T. WrightHenry T. WrightHenry T. Wright is an American anthropologist, and professor at the University of Michigan, and at the Santa Fe Institute.He graduated from University of Michigan, and from the University of Chicago with a PhD.-Works:...
- Wojciech H. ZurekWojciech H. ZurekWojciech Hubert Zurek is a well-known physicist and a Laboratory Fellow at Los Alamos National Laboratory. He is a leading authority on quantum theory, especially decoherence. His work also has a lot of potential benefit to the emerging field of quantum computing.Zurek earned his M.Sc. in Kraków,...
Influence
SFI's original mission was to disseminate the notion of a separate interdisciplinary research area, complexity theoryComplex adaptive system
Complex adaptive systems are special cases of complex systems. They are complex in that they are dynamic networks of interactions and relationships not aggregations of static entities...
referred to at SFI as "complexity science". Subsequent to the Institute's founding, a number of complexity institutes and departments were begun, including:
- The CCS at Florida Atlantic UniversityFlorida Atlantic UniversityFlorida Atlantic University, also referred to as FAU or Florida Atlantic, is a public, coeducational, research university located in , United States. The university has six satellite campuses located in the Florida cities of Dania Beach, Davie, Fort Lauderdale, Jupiter, Port St. Lucie, and in Fort...
- The CCSR (Center for Complex Systems Research) at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
- The CSCS at the University of MichiganUniversity of MichiganThe University of Michigan is a public research university located in Ann Arbor, Michigan in the United States. It is the state's oldest university and the flagship campus of the University of Michigan...
- The CSC at UC DavisUniversity of California, DavisThe University of California, Davis is a public teaching and research university established in 1905 and located in Davis, California, USA. Spanning over , the campus is the largest within the University of California system and third largest by enrollment...
- The Krasnow Institute for Advanced StudyKrasnow Institute for Advanced StudyThe Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study brings together researchers from many disciplines to study the phenomenon known as mind. An academic unit of George Mason University, the Institute for Advanced Study also serves as a center for doctoral education in such areas as neuroscience and...
at George Mason UniversityGeorge Mason UniversityGeorge Mason University is a public university based in unincorporated Fairfax County, Virginia, United States, south of and adjacent to the city of Fairfax. Additional campuses are located nearby in Arlington County, Prince William County, and Loudoun County... - The New England Complex Systems InstituteNew England Complex Systems InstituteThe New England Complex Systems Institute is an American research institution dedicated to advancing the study of complex systems. It was founded in 1996 and is located in Cambridge, MA.- Overview :...
- The Institute Para Limes, a European initiative based in the Netherlands in Europe.
- The Centre for Research in Complex Systems (CRICS) at Charles Sturt UniversityCharles Sturt UniversityCharles Sturt University is an Australian multi-campus university located in New South Wales, Victoria, and the Australian Capital Territory. It has campuses at Bathurst, Canberra, Albury-Wodonga, Dubbo, Goulburn, Orange, Wagga Wagga and Burlington, Ontario...
, Australia
See also
- Complex systemsComplex systemsComplex systems present problems in mathematical modelling.The equations from which complex system models are developed generally derive from statistical physics, information theory and non-linear dynamics, and represent organized but unpredictable behaviors of systems of nature that are considered...
- Complex adaptive systemComplex adaptive systemComplex adaptive systems are special cases of complex systems. They are complex in that they are dynamic networks of interactions and relationships not aggregations of static entities...
- Systems thinkingSystems thinkingSystems thinking is the process of understanding how things influence one another within a whole. In nature, systems thinking examples include ecosystems in which various elements such as air, water, movement, plants, and animals work together to survive or perish...
- Info MesaInfo MesaInfo Mesa is the named coined by Ed Regis to describe the emerging technology companies and community in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The name was first used in an article in Wired Magazine in 2000 and later in a book by Regis published in 2003...