Schistosoma nasale
Encyclopedia
Schistosoma nasale is a species of digenetic
trematode in the family Schistosomatidae
.
Schistosoma nasale was identified in 1933 by Dr. M. A. N. Rao at Madras Veterinary College
, Tamil Nadu
, India
, as a casuasative agent for “snoring disease“ in cattle.
The most important the first intermediate host
is a freshwater snail
Indoplanorbis exustus
that may be the sole natural intermediate host for Schistosoma nasale (and other two Schistosoma species) on the Indian sub-continent. Other snails are also impolicated in transmission
of Schistosoma nasale as its the first intermediate host and they include: Lymnaea luteola
and Lymnaea acuminata
.
Schistosoma nasale inhabits blood vessels of the nasal mucosa and causes “snoring disease” in cattle.
The disease affects almost the whole cattle population in the endemic area. The clinical symptoms include a cauliflower-like growth or granuloma in the nasale cavity, associated with a "snoring" sound and profuse mucopurulent discharge. Anthiomaline was the drug of choice, but this leads to relapse of the symptoms after two months of the treatment.
Recently, Dr. M. C. Agrawal has successfully treated cases of nasal schistosomiasis
by administering triclabendazole at a dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight.
Digenea
Digenea is a subclass within the Platyhelminthes consisting of parasitic flatworms with a syncytial tegument and, usually, two suckers, one ventral and one oral. Adults are particularly common in the digestive tract, but occur throughout the organ systems of all classes of vertebrates...
trematode in the family Schistosomatidae
Schistosomatidae
Schistosomatidae is a family of digenetic trematodes with complex parasitic life cycles. Immature developmental stages of schistosomes are found in molluscs and adults occur in vertebrates. The best studied group, the blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma, infect and cause disease in humans...
.
Schistosoma nasale was identified in 1933 by Dr. M. A. N. Rao at Madras Veterinary College
Madras Veterinary College
The Madras Veterinary College is a veterinary college situated in Vepery, Chennai, India. The college was established on October 1, 1903, in a small building known as Doblin Hall....
, Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh...
, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, as a casuasative agent for “snoring disease“ in cattle.
The most important the first intermediate host
Intermediate host
A secondary host or intermediate host is a host that harbors the parasite only for a short transition period, during which some developmental stage is completed. For trypanosomes, the cause of sleeping sickness, humans are the primary host, while the tsetse fly is the secondary host...
is a freshwater snail
Freshwater snail
A freshwater snail is one kind of freshwater mollusc, the other kind being freshwater clams and mussels, i.e. freshwater bivalves. Specifically a freshwater snail is a gastropod that lives in a watery non-marine habitat. The majority of freshwater gastropods have a shell, with very few exceptions....
Indoplanorbis exustus
Indoplanorbis exustus
Indoplanorbis exustus is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The species is the sole member of its genus and is widely distributed across the tropics. It serves as an important intermediate host for...
that may be the sole natural intermediate host for Schistosoma nasale (and other two Schistosoma species) on the Indian sub-continent. Other snails are also impolicated in transmission
Transmission (medicine)
In medicine and biology, transmission is the passing of a communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a conspecific individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected...
of Schistosoma nasale as its the first intermediate host and they include: Lymnaea luteola
Lymnaea luteola
Radix luteola is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Lymnaeidae.Placement of this species in the genus Radix have been confirmed by Correa et al. .There exist two forms:...
and Lymnaea acuminata
Lymnaea acuminata
Lymnaea acuminata is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Lymnaeidae.- Parasites :Lymnaea acuminata is the first intermediate host for trematodes Schistosoma nasale and for Schistosoma spindale....
.
Schistosoma nasale inhabits blood vessels of the nasal mucosa and causes “snoring disease” in cattle.
The disease affects almost the whole cattle population in the endemic area. The clinical symptoms include a cauliflower-like growth or granuloma in the nasale cavity, associated with a "snoring" sound and profuse mucopurulent discharge. Anthiomaline was the drug of choice, but this leads to relapse of the symptoms after two months of the treatment.
Recently, Dr. M. C. Agrawal has successfully treated cases of nasal schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by several species of trematodes , a parasitic worm of the genus Schistosoma. Snails often act as an intermediary agent for the infectious diseases until a new human host is found...
by administering triclabendazole at a dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight.
Further reading
- Agrawal M. C. & Alwar V. S. (1992). "Nasal schistosomiasis : A review". Helminthological Abstract 61: 373-384.