Scout cruiser
Encyclopedia
A scout cruiser was a type of warship of the early 20th Century, which were smaller, faster, more lightly armed and armoured than protected cruiser
s or light cruiser
s, but larger than contemporary destroyer
s. Intended for fleet scouting duties and acting as a flotilla leader
, a scout cruiser was typically armed with six to ten destroyer-type guns of 3-inch (76mm) to 4.7-inch (120mm) calibre, plus two to four torpedo tubes.
The British was the first to operate scout cruisers, with the Royal Navy
acquired 15 ships divided into two distinct groups - the eight vessels all ordered under the 1903 Programme, and the seven later, heavier-armed vessels ordered under the 1907-1910 Programmes. All these ships served in World War I
, when the advent of better machinery and larger, faster destroyers and light cruisers had already made them obsolete.
The other major operator of scout cruisers was Italy. With no conventional protected cruisers or light cruisers acquired between 1900 and 1920, the Regia Marina
instead operated a number of scout cruisers (esploratori) from 1912 onwards. Ranging in size from enlarged destroyers to substantial, light cruiser-type ships, these esploratori were also given secondary capabilities as fast minelayer
s. Later esploratori, such as the Leone class
, carried extremely heavy armament for their size, capable of outgunning any destroyer of the early 1920s. Ironically, with the appearance of large, heavily-armed ‘super-destroyers’, by 1938 the surviving esploratori were re-rated as destroyers.
Protected cruiser
The protected cruiser is a type of naval cruiser of the late 19th century, so known because its armoured deck offered protection for vital machine spaces from shrapnel caused by exploding shells above...
s or light cruiser
Light cruiser
A light cruiser is a type of small- or medium-sized warship. The term is a shortening of the phrase "light armored cruiser", describing a small ship that carried armor in the same way as an armored cruiser: a protective belt and deck...
s, but larger than contemporary destroyer
Destroyer
In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against smaller, powerful, short-range attackers. Destroyers, originally called torpedo-boat destroyers in 1892, evolved from...
s. Intended for fleet scouting duties and acting as a flotilla leader
Flotilla leader
A flotilla leader was a warship suitable for commanding a flotilla of destroyers or other small warships, typically a small cruiser or a large destroyer...
, a scout cruiser was typically armed with six to ten destroyer-type guns of 3-inch (76mm) to 4.7-inch (120mm) calibre, plus two to four torpedo tubes.
The British was the first to operate scout cruisers, with the Royal Navy
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Founded in the 16th century, it is the oldest service branch and is known as the Senior Service...
acquired 15 ships divided into two distinct groups - the eight vessels all ordered under the 1903 Programme, and the seven later, heavier-armed vessels ordered under the 1907-1910 Programmes. All these ships served in World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, when the advent of better machinery and larger, faster destroyers and light cruisers had already made them obsolete.
The other major operator of scout cruisers was Italy. With no conventional protected cruisers or light cruisers acquired between 1900 and 1920, the Regia Marina
Regia Marina
The Regia Marina dates from the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861 after Italian unification...
instead operated a number of scout cruisers (esploratori) from 1912 onwards. Ranging in size from enlarged destroyers to substantial, light cruiser-type ships, these esploratori were also given secondary capabilities as fast minelayer
Minelayer
Minelaying is the act of deploying explosive mines. Historically this has been carried out by ships, submarines and aircraft. Additionally, since World War I the term minelayer refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines...
s. Later esploratori, such as the Leone class
Leone class destroyer
The Leone class were a group of destroyers built for the Italian Navy in the early 1920s. Five ships were planned and three completed. All three ships were based at Massawa, Eritrea during World War II and were sunk during the East African Campaign....
, carried extremely heavy armament for their size, capable of outgunning any destroyer of the early 1920s. Ironically, with the appearance of large, heavily-armed ‘super-destroyers’, by 1938 the surviving esploratori were re-rated as destroyers.
Regia Marina
Note: this list does not include ‘super-destroyers’ rated as scouts (esploratori) by Italy.- Agordat class - protected cruisers, rated as esploratori from 1914 to 1921
- Quarto
- Nino Bixio class
- Alessandro Poerio class - included Cesare RossarolItalian cruiser Cesare RossarolCesare Rossarol was a scout cruiserIt should be noted that her sister ships, Alessandro Poerio and Guglielmo Pepe, were re-rated as destroyers in 1921 due to their light displacements. built in Sestri Ponente, Genoa, in 1913 and launched by S.A.I. Gio. Ansaldo & C. in Liguria, Italy, in 1914...
- Mirabello classMirabello class destroyerThe Mirabello class were a group of 3 destroyers built for the Regia Marina during World War I.The ships were designed as scout cruisers , essentially enlarged versions of contemporary destroyers. All ships were built by Ansaldo in Genoa...
- Aquila classMarasti class destroyerThe Mărăști class were a group of destroyers built in Italy for the Romanian Navy. The ships fought in both world wars but for different owners and had a complex history.-History:...
- Leone classLeone class destroyerThe Leone class were a group of destroyers built for the Italian Navy in the early 1920s. Five ships were planned and three completed. All three ships were based at Massawa, Eritrea during World War II and were sunk during the East African Campaign....
- Capitani Romani classCapitani Romani class cruiserCapitani Romani was a class of light cruisers of the Italian navy. They were essentially designed to out-run and out-gun the large new French destroyers of the Fantasque and Mogador classes. Twelve hulls were ordered in late 1939, but only four were completed, just three of these before the...
- sometimes considered as light cruisers or large destroyers (World War II)
Royal Navy
- Sentinel classSentinel class cruiserThe Sentinel class was a two ship class of scout cruiser serving with the Royal Navy, and consisting of the ships HMS Sentinel and HMS Skirmisher.-History:...
- Adventure classAdventure class cruiserThe Adventure class was a two ship class of scout cruiser serving with the Royal Navy in World War I, and consisting of the ships HMS Adventure and HMS Attentive.-Design:...
- Forward classForward class cruiserThe Forward class was a two ship class of scout cruiser serving with the Royal Navy in World War I, and consisting of the ships HMS Forward and HMS Foresight.-Design:...
- Pathfinder classPathfinder class cruiserThe Pathfinder class was a two ship class of scout cruiser serving with the Royal Navy in World War I, and consisting of the ships HMS Pathfinder and HMS Patrol....
- Boadicea classBoadicea class cruiserThe Boadicea class was a two ship class of scout cruisers of the Royal Navy, consisting of HMS Bellona and HMS Boadicea. They were the first class to be fitted with turbine machinery, propulsion which became standard for all future cruisers...
- Blonde classBlonde class cruiserThe Blonde class cruisers were a two ship class of light scout cruisers of the British Royal Navy. They were developments of the earlier Boadicea class class, though were slightly bigger with ten 4 inch guns as their main armament.-History:...
- Active classActive class cruiserThe Active class was a class of three scout cruisers of the Royal Navy, built prior to the First World War, and later seeing service in that conflict...
United States Navy
- Chester classChester class cruiserThe Chester class of light cruisers were the first United States Navy vessels to be designed and designated as Light Cruisers.-External links:...
- later re-rated as light cruisers