Second Gerbrandy cabinet
Encyclopedia
The second cabinet of Gerbrandy (1941–1945) was one of the four cabinets during the Dutch government in exile
which were seated in London
. The cabinet was formed after a conflict between Queen Wilhelmina
and minister Dijxhoorn
of Defence regarding his Bureau Bijzondere Aangelegenheden (Bureau Special Affairs) leading to his dismissal. After that, all ministers of the first Gerbrandy cabinet
put their resignation forwards, leading to a restructuring of the posts and the formation of the second Gerbrandy cabinet. Also during the second Gerbrandy cabinet, there are regular frictions between ministers and the Queen, leading to changes at several ministries.
The government, led by Queen Wilhelmina, is the main inspiration for many of the resistance fighters in the Netherlands through radio addresses. Important actions of the cabinet include the recognition of the Soviet Union
(July 1942), declaration of war
against Japan
(December 1942), the announcement that after the war the relations between the Netherlands and the Dutch Indies will change (by the Queen in December 1942) and the re-establishment in July 1943 of the representation at the Vatican
.
During the first and second cabinet of Gerbrandy plans are made for post-war prosecution of "wrongful" (foute)Dutch civilians (collaborators with the Germans). At January 27, 1945 minister Burger
of Interior Affairs holds a radio speech, differentiating between "wrongful" Dutch civilians (foute Nederlanders) and Dutch civilians who made a mistake (Nederlanders die een fout hebben gemaakt). He was asked by the prime minister to resign - but because Gerbrandy did not discuss this with his fellow ministers, all SDAP-ministers resigned, leading to the third Gerbrandy cabinet
.
Dutch government in exile
The Dutch government in exile was the government of the Netherlands, headed by Queen Wilhelmina, that evacuated to London after the German invasion of the country at the outset of World War II....
which were seated in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
. The cabinet was formed after a conflict between Queen Wilhelmina
Queen Wilhelmina
Queen Wilhelmina may refer to:*Wilhelmine of Prussia , Queen consort of the Netherlands 1815–1837*Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, Queen of the Netherlands 1890–1948...
and minister Dijxhoorn
Adriaan Dijxhoorn
Adriaan Quirinus Hendrik Dijxhoorn was a Dutch military commander as well as the Dutch secretary of Defense at the beginning of the Battle of the Netherlands. He had a row with commander Izaak H. Reijnders; after the latter retired he appointed the retired general Henri Winkelman...
of Defence regarding his Bureau Bijzondere Aangelegenheden (Bureau Special Affairs) leading to his dismissal. After that, all ministers of the first Gerbrandy cabinet
First Gerbrandy cabinet
The first cabinet of Gerbrandy was one of the four cabinets during the Dutch government in exile which were seated in London. The cabinet is formed after the Second De Geer cabinet resigned after Queen Wilhelmina withdrew her confidence in the cabinet because of their approach towards the war with...
put their resignation forwards, leading to a restructuring of the posts and the formation of the second Gerbrandy cabinet. Also during the second Gerbrandy cabinet, there are regular frictions between ministers and the Queen, leading to changes at several ministries.
The government, led by Queen Wilhelmina, is the main inspiration for many of the resistance fighters in the Netherlands through radio addresses. Important actions of the cabinet include the recognition of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
(July 1942), declaration of war
Declaration of war
A declaration of war is a formal act by which one nation goes to war against another. The declaration is a performative speech act by an authorized party of a national government in order to create a state of war between two or more states.The legality of who is competent to declare war varies...
against Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
(December 1942), the announcement that after the war the relations between the Netherlands and the Dutch Indies will change (by the Queen in December 1942) and the re-establishment in July 1943 of the representation at the Vatican
Holy See
The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
.
During the first and second cabinet of Gerbrandy plans are made for post-war prosecution of "wrongful" (foute)Dutch civilians (collaborators with the Germans). At January 27, 1945 minister Burger
Jaap Burger
Jacobus Albertus Wilhelmus Burger was a Dutch politician.-References:...
of Interior Affairs holds a radio speech, differentiating between "wrongful" Dutch civilians (foute Nederlanders) and Dutch civilians who made a mistake (Nederlanders die een fout hebben gemaakt). He was asked by the prime minister to resign - but because Gerbrandy did not discuss this with his fellow ministers, all SDAP-ministers resigned, leading to the third Gerbrandy cabinet
Third Gerbrandy cabinet
The third cabinet of Gerbrandy was the last of four cabinets of the Dutch government in exile during the second world war and was seated in London. The cabinet was formed after the resignation of the SDAP ministers from the second Gerbrandy cabinet in January 1945...
.
Ministers
- Prime Minister: Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (ARP)
- General Affairs: Hendrik van BoeijenHendrik van BoeijenHendrik van Boeijen was a Dutch politician.-References:...
(CHU), until February 23, 1945 - General Warfare: Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (ARP), from May 21, 1942
- Foreign Affairs: Eelco Nicolaas van Kleffens (liberal, without party)
- Justice:
- Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (ARP), until February 21, 1942
- Johannes Regnerus Maria van AngerenJohannes Regnerus Maria van AngerenJohannes Regnerus Maria van Angeren was Dutch politician. He was born in Utrecht and died in The Hague.-References:...
(RKSP), from February 21, 1942 until July 11, 1944 - Gerrit Jan van Heuven GoedhartGerrit Jan van Heuven GoedhartGerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart was a Dutch politician and diplomat. He was the first United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ....
(without party), from July 11, 1944
- Interior Affairs:
- Hendrik van BoeijenHendrik van BoeijenHendrik van Boeijen was a Dutch politician.-References:...
(CHU), until May 31, 1944 - Jacobus Albertus Wilhelmus BurgerJaap BurgerJacobus Albertus Wilhelmus Burger was a Dutch politician.-References:...
(SDAP), from May 31, 1944 until January 27, 1945 - Hendrik van BoeijenHendrik van BoeijenHendrik van Boeijen was a Dutch politician.-References:...
(CHU), from January 27, 1945
- Hendrik van Boeijen
- Education, Arts and Sciences: Gerrit BolkesteinGerrit BolkesteinGerrit Bolkestein was a Dutch politician and member of the Free-thinking Democratic League....
(VDB) - Finance:
- Maximilien Paul Léon SteenbergheMax SteenbergheMaximilien Paul Léon Steenberghe was a Dutch politician.-References:* at the Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland...
(RKSP), until November 17, 1941 - Johan Willem Albarda (SDAP), from November 17, 1941 until December 9, 1942
- Johannes van den BroekJohannes van den BroekJohannes Hendrik van den Broek, was a Dutch architect influential in the rebuilding of Rotterdam after World War II....
(without party), from December 9, 1942
- Maximilien Paul Léon Steenberghe
- War:
- Hendrik van BoeijenHendrik van BoeijenHendrik van Boeijen was a Dutch politician.-References:...
(CHU), until September 15, 1942 - Otto Cornelis Adriaan van Lidth de JeudeOtto Cornelis Adriaan van Lidth de JeudeOtto Cornelis Adriaan van Lidth de Jeude was a Dutch politician. During World War II he was in London. From 1942 till 1945 he served as Minister of War in the Dutch government in exile.-References:*...
(LSP), from September 15, 1942
- Hendrik van Boeijen
- Navy: Johannes Theodorus FurstnerJohan FurstnerJohan Furstner is a Dutch politician.-References:...
(liberal, without party) - Water: Johan Willem Albarda (SDAP)
- Trade, Industry and Shipping:
- Maximilien Paul Léon SteenbergheMax SteenbergheMaximilien Paul Léon Steenberghe was a Dutch politician.-References:* at the Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland...
(RKSP), until November 17, 1941 - Jan van den TempelJan van den TempelJan van den Tempel was a Dutch politician.-References:...
(SDAP), from November 17, 1941 until January 8, 1942 - Petrus Adrianus KerstensPetrus Adrianus KerstensPetrus Adrianus Kerstens was a Dutch politician.-References:...
(KVP), from January 8, 1942 until May 31, 1944
- Maximilien Paul Léon Steenberghe
- Agriculture and Fishing:
- Maximilien Paul Léon SteenbergheMax SteenbergheMaximilien Paul Léon Steenberghe was a Dutch politician.-References:* at the Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland...
(RKSP) until November 17, 1941 - Jan van den TempelJan van den TempelJan van den Tempel was a Dutch politician.-References:...
(SDAP), from November 17, 1941 until January 8, 1942 - Petrus Adrianus KerstensPetrus Adrianus KerstensPetrus Adrianus Kerstens was a Dutch politician.-References:...
(KVP), from January 8, 1942 until May 31, 1944
- Maximilien Paul Léon Steenberghe
- Trade, Industry and Agriculture: Johannes van den BroekJohannes van den BroekJohannes Hendrik van den Broek, was a Dutch architect influential in the rebuilding of Rotterdam after World War II....
(without party), from May 31, 1944 - Shipping and Fishing: James Marnix de BooijJim de BooyJames Marnix de Booy was a Dutch politician and member of the Dutch resistance.He was member of the "Raad der Vereniging" of De Nederlandsche Padvinders.-References:...
(liberal, without party), from May 31, 1944 - Social Affairs: Jan van den TempelJan van den TempelJan van den Tempel was a Dutch politician.-References:...
(SDAP) - Colonies:
- Charles Joseph Ignace Marie WelterCharles WelterCharles Joseph Ignace Marie Welter was a Dutch politician of the Roman-Catholic State Party until the party became the Catholic People's Party later his own formed Catholic National Party and again the Catholic People's Party .-Decorations:* Order of the Netherlands Lion** Knight * Order of...
(RKSP), until November 17, 1941 - Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (ARP), from November 17, 1941 until May 21, 1942
- Hubertus van Mook (without party), from May 21, 1942
- Charles Joseph Ignace Marie Welter