Second Triumvirate (Argentina)
Encyclopedia
The Second Triumvirate was the governing body of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (present day Argentina
) that followed the First Triumvirate
in 1812, shortly after the May Revolution
, and lasted 2 years.
, when the generals José de San Martín
and Carlos María de Alvear
joined forces with former supporters of Mariano Moreno
and deposed the First Triumvirate
. When the members of the First Triumvirate were deposed, the Cabildo appointed new ones. Nicolás Rodríguez Peña
was appointed by 172 votes against 12, Antonio Álvarez Jonte
by 147 against 35, and Juan José Paso
by 96 against 87. The new triumvirate called the Assembly of Year XIII
, a popular request that the First Triumvirate avoided to follow. The Triumvirate started its functions on October 8, 1812.
The second triumvirate took measures against the members of the former ones. Pueyrredón was vanished to San Luis, and Rivadavia was imprisoned and trialed. Chiclana was trialed, but found innocent, and then appointed as governor of Salta. Sarratea, under protection of the British diplomacy, did not face any reprisals.
The main actions of the Triumvirate were:
As the 1813 Assembly
decided to replace the Triumvirate for a unipersonal Supreme Directorship
, it ceased its functions on January 22, 1814, and Gervasio Antonio de Posadas
assumed as the first Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
. One year later, on January 31, 1815, he was to be replaced in office by his nephew Carlos María de Alvear
, who counted on the support of the powerful Logia Lautaro
.
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
) that followed the First Triumvirate
First Triumvirate (Argentina)
The First Triumvirate was the executive body of government that replaced the Junta Grande in the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata...
in 1812, shortly after the May Revolution
May Revolution
The May Revolution was a week-long series of events that took place from May 18 to 25, 1810, in Buenos Aires, capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish colony that included roughly the territories of present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay...
, and lasted 2 years.
History
The second triumvirate is the result of the Revolution of October 8, 1812Revolution of October 8, 1812
The Revolution of October 8, 1812 took place during the Argentine War of Independence. Led by José de San Martín and Carlos María de Alvear, it deposed the First Triumvirate and allowed the creation of the Second Triumvirate, which called the Assembly of Year XIII.-Context:The First Triumvirate...
, when the generals José de San Martín
José de San Martín
José Francisco de San Martín, known simply as Don José de San Martín , was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from Spain.Born in Yapeyú, Corrientes , he left his mother country at the...
and Carlos María de Alvear
Carlos María de Alvear
Carlos María de Alvear was an Argentine soldier and statesman, Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata in 1815....
joined forces with former supporters of Mariano Moreno
Mariano Moreno
Mariano Moreno was an Argentine lawyer, journalist, and politician. He played a decisive role in the Primera Junta, the first national government of Argentina, created after the May Revolution....
and deposed the First Triumvirate
First Triumvirate (Argentina)
The First Triumvirate was the executive body of government that replaced the Junta Grande in the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata...
. When the members of the First Triumvirate were deposed, the Cabildo appointed new ones. Nicolás Rodríguez Peña
Nicolás Rodríguez Peña
Nicolás Rodriguez Peña was an Argentine politician. Born in Buenos Aires in April 1775, he worked in commerce which allowed him to amass a considerable fortune. Among his several successful businesses, he had a soap factory partnership with Hipólito Vieytes, which was a center of conspirators...
was appointed by 172 votes against 12, Antonio Álvarez Jonte
Antonio Álvarez Jonte
Antonio Álvarez Jonte was an Argentine politician. He was born in Madrid in 1784 and moved with parents to Córdoba when young. He studied law at Córdoba University and obtained his doctorate at the Real Universidad de San Felipe in Santiago de Chile...
by 147 against 35, and Juan José Paso
Juan José Paso
Juan José Paso, was an Argentine politician who participated in the events that started the Argentine War of Independence known as May Revolution of 1810....
by 96 against 87. The new triumvirate called the Assembly of Year XIII
Asamblea del Año XIII
The Assembly of Year XIII was a meeting called by the Second Triumvirate governing the young republic of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata on October 1812....
, a popular request that the First Triumvirate avoided to follow. The Triumvirate started its functions on October 8, 1812.
The second triumvirate took measures against the members of the former ones. Pueyrredón was vanished to San Luis, and Rivadavia was imprisoned and trialed. Chiclana was trialed, but found innocent, and then appointed as governor of Salta. Sarratea, under protection of the British diplomacy, did not face any reprisals.
The main actions of the Triumvirate were:
- Established a commission on December 4, 1812 for the creation of the Constitution of ArgentinaConstitution of ArgentinaThe constitution of Argentina is one of the primary sources of existing law in Argentina. Its first version was written in 1853 by a Constitutional Assembly gathered in Santa Fe, and the doctrinal basis was taken in part from the United States Constitution...
- Called for the Asamblea del Año XIIIAsamblea del Año XIIIThe Assembly of Year XIII was a meeting called by the Second Triumvirate governing the young republic of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata on October 1812....
on January 31, 1813. - Disposed the creation of the Province of CuyoProvince of CuyoThe Province of Cuyo was a historical Province of Argentina. Created on 14 November 1813 by a decree issued by the Second Triumvirate, it had its capital on Mendoza, and was composed by the territories of the present Argentine Provinces of Mendoza, San Juan and San Luis.The region was part of Chile...
(present provincesProvinces of ArgentinaArgentina is subdivided into twenty-three provinces and one autonomous city...
of MendozaMendoza ProvinceThe Province of Mendoza is a province of Argentina, located in the western central part of the country in the Cuyo region. It borders to the north with San Juan, the south with La Pampa and Neuquén, the east with San Luis, and to the west with the republic of Chile; the international limit is...
, San Juan and San LuisSan Luis ProvinceSan Luis is a province of Argentina located near the geographical center of the country . Neighboring provinces are, from the north clockwise, La Rioja, Córdoba, La Pampa, Mendoza and San Juan.-History:...
) on November 14, 1813.
As the 1813 Assembly
Asamblea del Año XIII
The Assembly of Year XIII was a meeting called by the Second Triumvirate governing the young republic of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata on October 1812....
decided to replace the Triumvirate for a unipersonal Supreme Directorship
Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
The Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata , was a title given to the executive officers of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, according to the form of government established in 1814 by the Asamblea del Año XIII...
, it ceased its functions on January 22, 1814, and Gervasio Antonio de Posadas
Gervasio Antonio de Posadas
Gervasio Antonio de Posadas y Dávila was a member of Argentina's Second Triumvirate from 19 August 1813 to 31 January 1814, after which he served as Supreme Director until 9 January 1815....
assumed as the first Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
The Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata , was a title given to the executive officers of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, according to the form of government established in 1814 by the Asamblea del Año XIII...
. One year later, on January 31, 1815, he was to be replaced in office by his nephew Carlos María de Alvear
Carlos María de Alvear
Carlos María de Alvear was an Argentine soldier and statesman, Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata in 1815....
, who counted on the support of the powerful Logia Lautaro
Logia Lautaro
The Lautaro Lodge was a revolutionary secret lodge active in Latin American politics in the 19th Century. It was initially known as the Lodge of Rational Knights .Its initial purposes were to apply the goals of the Spanish Enlightenment, and when Spain began the Absolutist Restauration they...
.