Second pledge at al-Aqabah
Encyclopedia
The Second pledge at al-Aqabah was an important event that preceded the Migration to Medina.
From Banu Khazraj
:
From Banu Aws:
CE
), during the season of the pilgrimage , 73 new Muslims converts from Medina were among that year's polytheist pilgrims to Mecca. The oft-repeated question amongst them was "Isn’t it high time we protect Muhammad instead of leaving him forsaken, deserted and stumbling in the hillocks of Makkah?"
Shortly after arriving to Mecca, they secretly contacted Muhammad and decided to have a meeting at night in mid Tashreeq Days on last year’s meeting place .
In another version:
Muhammad took the pledge of the two women - Nusaybah bint Ka'ab and Nusaybah and Umm Munee Asma bint Amr bin 'Ad - orally, rather than clasping hands with them, considering that they were not Mahram
with him .
From Banu Khazraj
:
From Banu Aws:
Once again, those twelve men were sworn to act as surety over the affairs of their people, and the Prophet would act as surety over his people, meaning all the Muslims .
At this point were the secret meeting discovered by an inhabited in Al-‘Aqabah. Al-‘Abbas bin Nadlah said "By Allâh, Who has sent you in Truth, we are powerful enough to put the people of Mina (the Quraishites) to our swords tomorrow, if you desire." Muhammad said "We have not been commanded to follow that course. Now, back to your camps." They went back to sleep till morning .
The Medinan polytheists were not aware of the secret meeting and swore by God
that no truth in the report. ‘Abdullah bin Ubai bin Salul, a Medinan polytheist, refuted their allegations denouncing them as null and void, claiming that his people would never initiate anything unless he gave them clear orders.
The Medinan Muslims did not speak and the Meccans became convinced by the arguments of the Medinan polytheist. However, they did were not fully satisfied and keep investigating the matter. It was not after that the Medinan pilgrims had left the city that they realized the truth of the matter. In a fit of rage, they pursued the pilgrims .
After much effort, they arrested al-Mundhir bin Amru but he broke away from them. Sa'd ibn Ubadah
was also captured. They tied his hands to his neck and dragged him by his hair. Heavily beating him
, they brought him to Mecca. But, luckily, Al-Mut‘im bin ‘Adi and Harith ibn Harb
saved him, due to business relation they had with him .
Event
Converts to Islam came from nearly all Arab tribes present in Medina, such that by June of the subsequent year there were seventy-five Muslims coming to Mecca for pilgrimage and to meet Muhammad. Meeting him secretly by night, the group made what was known as the "Second Pledge of al-`Aqaba", or the "Pledge of War" . Conditions of the pledge, many of which similar to the first, included obedience to Muhammad, "enjoining good and forbidding evil" as well as responding to the call to arms when required.List
A list of those included:- Abu Umamah
- Nusaybah bint Ka'ab, from the Banu NajjarBanu NajjarThe Banu Najjar was one of the Jewish tribes of Arabia during Muhammad's era.They were included in point 31 of the Constitution of Medina as allies to the Muslims, being as "one nation", but retaining their Jewish religion .-People:*Rumaysa bint Milhan...
From Banu Khazraj
Banu Khazraj
-Early history:Abu Muhammad Al-hasan Ibn Ahmad Al-hamdani mentioned that The Banu Khazraj along with Banu Aws settled the area of Yathrib around the 2nd century ad as part of the PreIslamic Exodus of Yemen due to the Great Dam damage....
:
- `Abd Allah ibn Rawahah`Abd Allah ibn Rawahah‘Abdullah ibn Rawahah ibn Tha‘labah was one of the companions of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.-Biography:Ibn Rawahah was from the Arabian tribe, the Banu Khazraj...
- Sa'd ibn UbadahSa'd ibn UbadahSa'd ibn Ubadah ibn Dulaim was one of the prominent Sahabah and Ansar, the chief of the Banu Khazraj.He participated in the secret second pledge at al-Aqabah. It was not after that the Medinan pilgrims had left the city, that the Meccans became aware of the meeting at Aqabah. They pursued the...
- As‘ad bin Zurarah bin ‘Ads
- Sa‘d bin Ar-Rabi‘ bin ‘Amr
- Rafi‘ bin Malik bin Al-‘Ajlan
- Al-Bara’ bin Ma‘rur bin Sakhr
- ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr bin Haram
- ‘Ubadah bin As-Samit bin Qais
- Al-Mundhir bin ‘Amr bin Khunais
From Banu Aws:
- Usaid bin Hudair bin Sammak
- Sa‘d bin Khaithamah bin Al-Harith
- Rifa‘a bin ‘Abdul Mundhir bin Zubair
Arranging the meeting
The following year on the of 1 BH (June 622622
Year 622 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 622 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Religion :* July 16 – Year one of the Islamic...
CE
Common Era
Common Era ,abbreviated as CE, is an alternative designation for the calendar era originally introduced by Dionysius Exiguus in the 6th century, traditionally identified with Anno Domini .Dates before the year 1 CE are indicated by the usage of BCE, short for Before the Common Era Common Era...
), during the season of the pilgrimage , 73 new Muslims converts from Medina were among that year's polytheist pilgrims to Mecca. The oft-repeated question amongst them was "Isn’t it high time we protect Muhammad instead of leaving him forsaken, deserted and stumbling in the hillocks of Makkah?"
Shortly after arriving to Mecca, they secretly contacted Muhammad and decided to have a meeting at night in mid Tashreeq Days on last year’s meeting place .
Pledge
In another version:
Muhammad took the pledge of the two women - Nusaybah bint Ka'ab and Nusaybah and Umm Munee Asma bint Amr bin 'Ad - orally, rather than clasping hands with them, considering that they were not Mahram
Mahram
In Islamic sharia legal terminology, a mahram is an unmarriageable kin with whom sexual intercourse would be considered incestuous, a punishable taboo...
with him .
Deputies
Muhammad asked those involved to appoint twelve deputies to preach Islam in Medina and taking responsibility in matters relating to the propagation of Islam regarding the people of their own tribe. Those elected were:From Banu Khazraj
Banu Khazraj
-Early history:Abu Muhammad Al-hasan Ibn Ahmad Al-hamdani mentioned that The Banu Khazraj along with Banu Aws settled the area of Yathrib around the 2nd century ad as part of the PreIslamic Exodus of Yemen due to the Great Dam damage....
:
- `Abd Allah ibn Rawahah`Abd Allah ibn Rawahah‘Abdullah ibn Rawahah ibn Tha‘labah was one of the companions of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.-Biography:Ibn Rawahah was from the Arabian tribe, the Banu Khazraj...
- Sa'd ibn UbadahSa'd ibn UbadahSa'd ibn Ubadah ibn Dulaim was one of the prominent Sahabah and Ansar, the chief of the Banu Khazraj.He participated in the secret second pledge at al-Aqabah. It was not after that the Medinan pilgrims had left the city, that the Meccans became aware of the meeting at Aqabah. They pursued the...
- As‘ad bin Zurarah bin ‘Ads
- Sa‘d bin Ar-Rabi‘ bin ‘Amr
- Rafi‘ bin Malik bin Al-‘Ajlan
- Al-Bara’ bin Ma‘rur bin Sakhr
- ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr bin Haram
- ‘Ubadah bin As-Samit bin Qais
- Al-Mundhir bin ‘Amr bin Khunais
From Banu Aws:
- Usaid bin Hudair bin Sammak
- Sa‘d bin Khaithamah bin Al-Harith
- Rifa‘a bin ‘Abdul Mundhir bin Zubair
Once again, those twelve men were sworn to act as surety over the affairs of their people, and the Prophet would act as surety over his people, meaning all the Muslims .
At this point were the secret meeting discovered by an inhabited in Al-‘Aqabah. Al-‘Abbas bin Nadlah said "By Allâh, Who has sent you in Truth, we are powerful enough to put the people of Mina (the Quraishites) to our swords tomorrow, if you desire." Muhammad said "We have not been commanded to follow that course. Now, back to your camps." They went back to sleep till morning .
Meccan protests
The following day, a large delegation that included the Meccan leaders set out for the camp of the Medinan to protest severely against the treaty: "O people of Khazraj, it transpired to us that you have come here to conclude a treaty with this man (Muhammad) and evacuate him out of Makkah. By Allâh, we do really hold in abhorrence any sort of fight between you and us." .The Medinan polytheists were not aware of the secret meeting and swore by God
By Allah
By Allah is Arabic expression meaning "[I promise] by God" used to make a promise or express great credibility on an expression. It is considered a sin among Muslim to use this phrase and follow it up with a lie...
that no truth in the report. ‘Abdullah bin Ubai bin Salul, a Medinan polytheist, refuted their allegations denouncing them as null and void, claiming that his people would never initiate anything unless he gave them clear orders.
The Medinan Muslims did not speak and the Meccans became convinced by the arguments of the Medinan polytheist. However, they did were not fully satisfied and keep investigating the matter. It was not after that the Medinan pilgrims had left the city that they realized the truth of the matter. In a fit of rage, they pursued the pilgrims .
After much effort, they arrested al-Mundhir bin Amru but he broke away from them. Sa'd ibn Ubadah
Sa'd ibn Ubadah
Sa'd ibn Ubadah ibn Dulaim was one of the prominent Sahabah and Ansar, the chief of the Banu Khazraj.He participated in the secret second pledge at al-Aqabah. It was not after that the Medinan pilgrims had left the city, that the Meccans became aware of the meeting at Aqabah. They pursued the...
was also captured. They tied his hands to his neck and dragged him by his hair. Heavily beating him
Persecution of Muslims by the Meccans
In the early days of Islam at Mecca, the new Muslims were often subjected to abuse and persecution.-Overview:Some were killed, such as Sumayyah bint Khabbab, the seventh convert to Islam, who was tortured first by Abu Jahl...
, they brought him to Mecca. But, luckily, Al-Mut‘im bin ‘Adi and Harith ibn Harb
Harith ibn Harb
Harith ibn Harb was the son of the 7th century Arabian Meccan leader Harb ibn Umayya, thus he was also the brother of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, the man who would be Muhammad's arch enemy, but adopt Islam after the Conquest of Mecca....
saved him, due to business relation they had with him .