Sergej Ingr
Encyclopedia
Jan Sergej Ingr was a Czechoslovak
Army four star general
and the Minister of National Defense in the Czechoslovak government-in-exile
during the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
.
. In fall of 1915 he was captured by Russians in Caricyn. He then joined 1st Serbian Voluntary Division and fought against the Bulgarian soldiers in Dobruja
. In 1916 he moved to the 2nd Artillery Regiment of George of Poděbrady in rank of Lieutenant and joined the famous Czechoslovak Legions
. He also adopted the name Sergěj and became a member of Eastern Orthodox Church
. In 1917 he also fought in France
, in 1918 he took part in battles in Ardennes
and in Foligno
. At the end of the war he was a Captain and was able to speak in five language(German, Russian, Serbian, French and Italian).
. After the successful fights, he moved to Cieszyn Silesia
and helped the army to solute the problems with Poland. He won in Jablunkov
, as well as in Třinec
and was promoted to Major. During the mobilization in 1938 he was already the Brigadier General and commander of the 3rd Czechoslovak Army Corps.
, Ingr moved to exile in France. In Paris
, he established Army Office and started to organize Czechoslovak troops in town of Agde
. In 1940 he and his 11405 voluntaries took part in Battle of France
in fights on Marne, Seine
and Loire
. After the establishment of Czechoslovak government-in-exile
in London
, Ingr became the Minister of National Defense. In 1944, after the intervene of Communists, he had to be removed from office.
. In 1949 he established The Council of Free Czechoslovakia as the attempt to reestablish the democracy in Czechoslovakia after the Communist's victory. He died in 1954 on heart failure.
Awarded by France
Awarded by Great Britain
Awarded by Greece
Awarded by Italy
Awarded by the Netherlands
Awarded by Norway
Awarded by Poland
Awarded by Romania
Awarded by Russia
Awarded by USA
Awarded by Yugoslavia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
Army four star general
General
A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given....
and the Minister of National Defense in the Czechoslovak government-in-exile
Czechoslovak government-in-exile
The Czechoslovak government-in-exile was an informal title conferred upon the Czechoslovak National Liberation Committee, initially by British diplomatic recognition. The name came to be used by other World War II Allies as they subsequently recognized it...
during the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was the majority ethnic-Czech protectorate which Nazi Germany established in the central parts of Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia in what is today the Czech Republic...
.
Early life
Ingr was born in Vlkoš in 1894 to his father Jan, mayor of the municipality. He had four brothers and three sisters. He was studying on the gymnasium in Kyjov and in 1913 he became member of the cadet school in Královo Pole.First World War
After the outbreak of the First World War he went as a Sergeant to Eastern FrontEastern Front (World War I)
The Eastern Front was a theatre of war during World War I in Central and, primarily, Eastern Europe. The term is in contrast to the Western Front. Despite the geographical separation, the events in the two theatres strongly influenced each other...
. In fall of 1915 he was captured by Russians in Caricyn. He then joined 1st Serbian Voluntary Division and fought against the Bulgarian soldiers in Dobruja
Dobruja
Dobruja is a historical region shared by Bulgaria and Romania, located between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, including the Danube Delta, Romanian coast and the northernmost part of the Bulgarian coast...
. In 1916 he moved to the 2nd Artillery Regiment of George of Poděbrady in rank of Lieutenant and joined the famous Czechoslovak Legions
Czechoslovak Legions
The Czechoslovak Legions were volunteer armed forces composed predominantly of Czechs and Slovaks fighting together with the Entente powers during World War I...
. He also adopted the name Sergěj and became a member of Eastern Orthodox Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Orthodox Church, officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church and commonly referred to as the Eastern Orthodox Church, is the second largest Christian denomination in the world, with an estimated 300 million adherents mainly in the countries of Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece,...
. In 1917 he also fought in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, in 1918 he took part in battles in Ardennes
Ardennes
The Ardennes is a region of extensive forests, rolling hills and ridges formed within the Givetian Ardennes mountain range, primarily in Belgium and Luxembourg, but stretching into France , and geologically into the Eifel...
and in Foligno
Foligno
Foligno is an ancient town of Italy in the province of Perugia in east central Umbria, on the Topino river where it leaves the Apennines and enters the wide plain of the Clitunno river system...
. At the end of the war he was a Captain and was able to speak in five language(German, Russian, Serbian, French and Italian).
Between wars
In December of 1918 he returned to Czechoslovakia to battle the Hungarians, who were claiming a part of Czechoslovak territory, as a part of Hungarian–Romanian War of 1919Hungarian–Romanian War of 1919
The seeds of the Hungarian–Romanian war of 1919 were planted when the union of Transylvania with Romania was proclaimed, on December 1, 1918. In late March 1919, the Bolsheviks came to power in Hungary, at which point its army attempted to retake Transylvania, commencing the war. By its final...
. After the successful fights, he moved to Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia or Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered around the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic...
and helped the army to solute the problems with Poland. He won in Jablunkov
Jablunkov
Jablunkov is a town in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has a population of 5,750 , 23% of the population are Poles. Jablunkov lies between the Silesian and Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain ranges, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, and is the...
, as well as in Třinec
Trinec
Třinec is a town in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It lies on the Olza River, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. The town has 37,405 inhabitants as of 2009, in 2001 17.7% of the population were Poles...
and was promoted to Major. During the mobilization in 1938 he was already the Brigadier General and commander of the 3rd Czechoslovak Army Corps.
Second World War
According to call of president Edvard BenešEdvard Beneš
Edvard Beneš was a leader of the Czechoslovak independence movement, Minister of Foreign Affairs and the second President of Czechoslovakia. He was known to be a skilled diplomat.- Youth :...
, Ingr moved to exile in France. In Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, he established Army Office and started to organize Czechoslovak troops in town of Agde
Agde
Agde is a commune in the Hérault department in southern France. It is the Mediterranean port of the Canal du Midi.-Location:Agde is located on the river Hérault, 4 km from the Mediterranean Sea, and 750 km from Paris...
. In 1940 he and his 11405 voluntaries took part in Battle of France
Battle of France
In the Second World War, the Battle of France was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries, beginning on 10 May 1940, which ended the Phoney War. The battle consisted of two main operations. In the first, Fall Gelb , German armoured units pushed through the Ardennes, to cut off and...
in fights on Marne, Seine
Seine
The Seine is a -long river and an important commercial waterway within the Paris Basin in the north of France. It rises at Saint-Seine near Dijon in northeastern France in the Langres plateau, flowing through Paris and into the English Channel at Le Havre . It is navigable by ocean-going vessels...
and Loire
Loire (river)
The Loire is the longest river in France. With a length of , it drains an area of , which represents more than a fifth of France's land area. It is the 170th longest river in the world...
. After the establishment of Czechoslovak government-in-exile
Czechoslovak government-in-exile
The Czechoslovak government-in-exile was an informal title conferred upon the Czechoslovak National Liberation Committee, initially by British diplomatic recognition. The name came to be used by other World War II Allies as they subsequently recognized it...
in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
, Ingr became the Minister of National Defense. In 1944, after the intervene of Communists, he had to be removed from office.
Post War
In July 6, 1945 Ingr was promoted to Army General and he became the ambassador in HaagHaag
-Places:*The Hague, in the Netherlands *Several places in Germany:**Haag, Upper Franconia in the district of Bayreuth, Bavaria**Haag an der Amper in the district of Freising, Bavaria**Haag in Oberbayern in the district of Mühldorf, Bavaria...
. In 1949 he established The Council of Free Czechoslovakia as the attempt to reestablish the democracy in Czechoslovakia after the Communist's victory. He died in 1954 on heart failure.
Decorations
Awarded by Czechoslovakia- Czechoslovak War Cross, three tilia sprouts (1919)
- Czechoslovak War CrossCzechoslovak War Cross 1939-1945The Czechoslovak War Cross 1939-1945 is a military decoration of the former state of Czechoslovakia which was issued for those who had provided great service the Czechoslovak state during the years of World War II.- Description :On December 20, 1940, the Czech government in exile in London ordered...
(1940, 1945) - Order of Milan Rastislav ŠtefánikMilan Rastislav ŠtefánikMilan Rastislav Štefánik , Kingdom of Hungary – May 4, 1919 in Ivanka pri Dunaji, Czechoslovakia) was a Slovak politician, diplomat, and astronomer. During World War I, he was General of the French Army, at the same time the Czechoslovak Minister of War, one of the leading members of the...
(1991) - Czechoslovak Revolution Medal (1919)
- Allied Victory Medal (1919)
- Medal of Distinguished Service, 1st class (1944)
- Medal of Valor (1945)
- Memorial Medal of Czechoslovak Foreign Army (1944)
- Commemorative medal of the Battle of Zborov (1947)
- Commemorative medal of the second national resistance (1947)
- The Commemorative Medal of the 2nd Shooting Regiment "Jiri z Podebrad" (1947)
Awarded by France
- Légion d'honneurLégion d'honneurThe Legion of Honour, or in full the National Order of the Legion of Honour is a French order established by Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the Consulat which succeeded to the First Republic, on 19 May 1802...
, Grand Officier (1950) - Légion d'honneurLégion d'honneurThe Legion of Honour, or in full the National Order of the Legion of Honour is a French order established by Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the Consulat which succeeded to the First Republic, on 19 May 1802...
, Commandeur (1947) - Légion d'honneurLégion d'honneurThe Legion of Honour, or in full the National Order of the Legion of Honour is a French order established by Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the Consulat which succeeded to the First Republic, on 19 May 1802...
, Officier (1940) - Légion d'honneurLégion d'honneurThe Legion of Honour, or in full the National Order of the Legion of Honour is a French order established by Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the Consulat which succeeded to the First Republic, on 19 May 1802...
, Chevalier [Knight] (1926) - Médaille des services militaires volontairesMédaille des services militaires volontairesThe Médaille des services militaires volontaires is a French military decoration which honors service in the reserves.-History:...
(1928)
Awarded by Great Britain
- Order of the BathOrder of the BathThe Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. The name derives from the elaborate mediæval ceremony for creating a knight, which involved bathing as one of its elements. The knights so created were known as Knights of the Bath...
, Knight Commander (1947) - 1939–45 Star (1945)
- Defence Medal (1945)
- War Medal 1939–1945War Medal 1939–1945The War Medal 1939–1945 was a British decoration awarded to those who had served in the Armed Forces or Merchant Navy full-time for at least 28 days between 3 September 1939 and 2 September 1945. In the Merchant Navy, the 28 days must have been served at sea...
(1945)
Awarded by Greece
- Order of the RedeemerOrder of the RedeemerThe Order of the Redeemer , also known as the Order of the Savior, is an order of Greece. The Order of the Redeemer is the oldest and highest decoration awarded by the modern Greek state.- History :...
, Grand Commander (1932)
Awarded by Italy
- Allied Victory MedalAllied Victory Medal (Italy)The Allied Victory Medal was the Italian variant of the Victory Medal...
, (1928) - Commemorative Medal of the Unity of ItalyCommemorative Medal of the Unity of ItalyThe Italian Risorgimento was celebrated by a series of medals set up by the three kings who ruled during the long process of unification - the Commemorative Medal for the Campaigns of the War of Independence and the various versions of the Commemorative Medal of the Unity of Italy, which were...
, (1930)
Awarded by the Netherlands
- Order of Orange-NassauOrder of Orange-NassauThe Order of Orange-Nassau is a military and civil order of the Netherlands which was created on 4 April 1892 by the Queen regent Emma of the Netherlands, acting on behalf of her under-age daughter Queen Wilhelmina. The Order is a chivalry order open to "everyone who have earned special merits for...
, Commander (1949)
Awarded by Norway
- Order of St. Olav, Commander (1949)
Awarded by Poland
- Order of Polonia Restituta, Grand Cross (1941)
Awarded by Romania
- Order of the Star of RomaniaOrder of the Star of RomaniaThe Order of the Star of Romania is Romania's highest civil order. It is awarded by the President of Romania...
, Commander (1930)
Awarded by Russia
- Order of Saint StanislausOrder of Saint StanislausThe Order of Saint Stanislaus , also spelled Stanislas, was an Order in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and The Kingdom of Poland between 1765 and 1831 and of Russian Empire from 1831 to 1917.-History of the Order of Saint Stanislaus:Stanisław August Poniatowski, King of Poland, established the...
, 3rd class (1917)
Awarded by USA
- Legion of MeritLegion of MeritThe Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements...
, Commander (1945)
Awarded by Yugoslavia
- Order of White Eagle, Officer's Cross (1936)
- Order of White Eagle, Knight's Cross (1930)
- Order of the Yugoslav CrownOrder of The Yugoslav CrownKing Alexander I of Yugoslavia instituted the Order of The Yugoslav Crown on 5 April 1930, to commemorate his changing of the name of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.-History:...
, Second Class (1941) - Order of St. SavaOrder of St. SavaThe Order of St. Sava was a decoration instituted by the order King Milan I of Serbia in 1883. The Order of Saint Sava originally was established to recognize civilians for meritorious achievements in the arts and sciences. In 1914 a change was made permitting military personnel to receive the...
, Commander - Memorial medal for the withdrawal of Serbian army through AlbaniaMemorial medal for the withdrawal of Serbian army through AlbaniaThe Commemorative Medal for the withdrawal of Serbian army through Albania or Albanian Retreat medal is a single-Class military medal which was award gained by all members of the Serbian army and the people who retreated through Albania in the winter of 1915/16 during World War I was instituted on...
(1923)