Sevmash
Encyclopedia
JSC PO Sevmash is a shipbuilding company based in Severodvinsk
, a port city on Russia
's White Sea
. The name Sevmash is an abbreviation of Severnoye Mashinostroitelnoye Predpriyatie (Северное Машиностроительное Предприятие), i.e. "Northern Machine-Building Enterprise". Sevmash is the largest shipbuilding enterprise in Russia
and today the country's only nuclear submarine
producer. In 2009, the company employed 26,951 people and its revenue from military production was $533.02 million.
The shipyad's main specialization is manufacturing of ship
s, submarine
s and military equipment for the Russian Navy. Sevmash is the only shipyard in Russia producing nuclear submarine
s. The next to last nuclear submarine produced at the shipyard is the nuclear powered attack submarine Severodvinsk
, which was launched in 2010 and is currently fitting out. Its completion had been delayed due to financial issues. The second Borei class submarine
Aleksandr Nevskiy was launched later in 2010. There is one other Yasen class submarine Kazan and one Borei class submarine
Vladimir Monomakh currently under construction at the shipyard. In 2003—2005, Sevmash delivered two Project 636
(Kilo class) diesel-electric
submarines to foreign customers. As of 2009, the company has an order for a further two Project 636 vessels.
Under a contract for Rosoboronexport, Sevmash is completing repair and modification work on the former Soviet heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Gorshkov
, transforming it into a modern aircraft carrier
named INS Vikramaditya
for the Indian Navy
. The project has been hit by delays and increasing costs, and is expected to be completed in 2012.
and gas
fields projects on the Arctic shelf, including oil platforms. The Prirazlomnaya
ice-resistant stationary platform designed by the Rubin Marine Equipment Design Bureau and being built at the shipyard is the first of its kind in Russia. It is due to start operations in the Pechora Sea
. Sevmash has also delivered platforms for foreign companies, such as the marine semi-submerged MOSS CS-50 platform for the Norwegian Moss Mosvold Platforms AS company, which was finished in February 2006. Sevmash has received orders for 3 further platforms of this type. Sevmash is also building a platform for the mid-Barents Sea Shtokman gas field
.
The enterprise is also engaged in commercial shipbuilding, and has during the last decade built over 100 vessels, including sea and harbor tugs, mini-bulkers, pontoon
s, barge
s and fish farms. It also produces metallurgical equipment and rail transportation items.
in Arkhangelsk Oblast
on the White Sea
, its facilities occupy an area of more than 300 hectares and it has more than 100 subdivisions. It is the largest shipbuilding enterprise in Russia. Since August, 2007, Sevmash has been headed by Nikolai Yakovlevich Kalistratov.
The company's revenue from military production in 2009 was estimated to be $533.02 million, up from $431.04 million in 2008. Civilian production amounted to 20% of the company's total revenue, and export share of total production was 10%, according to figures published by Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies
. The centre ranked Sevmash as the 7th most successful enterprise of the Russian defense industry in 2009, based on a comparison of key financial and operational indicators.
, the company was involved in repairing battleships and producing turret artillery units and mine-sweeping equipment. Also during the war years the enterprise built large mine hunters, destroyers, diesel-electric submarines, ferries, lighters, floating repair barges, while repairing both Northern Fleet surface ships as well as vessels delivering supplies via the Arctic Convoys. By 1950 the shipyard had repaired 139 ships and vessels. In the early 1950s, large-scale production of submarines was launched. In 1969, the company produced world's first nuclear submarine with a titanium alloy body, Project 661. In the mid 1970s, its facilities underwent major reconstruction; its industrial capacity was doubled and it had Russia's largest covered slipway installed. Nuclear submarine cruiser Project 941, built in 1981, entered the Guinness World Records
as the world's biggest submarine at the time. During its history, the company has built 45 surface ships and 163 submarines, including 128 nuclear submarines.
Severodvinsk
Severodvinsk is a city in the north of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located in the delta of the Northern Dvina River, west of Arkhangelsk. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . Municipally, it is incorporated as Severodvinsk Urban Okrug. The city was founded as...
, a port city on Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
's White Sea
White Sea
The White Sea is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located on the northwest coast of Russia. It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, the Kola Peninsula to the north, and the Kanin Peninsula to the northeast. The whole of the White Sea is under Russian sovereignty and considered to be part of...
. The name Sevmash is an abbreviation of Severnoye Mashinostroitelnoye Predpriyatie (Северное Машиностроительное Предприятие), i.e. "Northern Machine-Building Enterprise". Sevmash is the largest shipbuilding enterprise in Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
and today the country's only nuclear submarine
Nuclear submarine
A nuclear submarine is a submarine powered by a nuclear reactor . The performance advantages of nuclear submarines over "conventional" submarines are considerable: nuclear propulsion, being completely independent of air, frees the submarine from the need to surface frequently, as is necessary for...
producer. In 2009, the company employed 26,951 people and its revenue from military production was $533.02 million.
Military production
Ship
Since the end of the age of sail a ship has been any large buoyant marine vessel. Ships are generally distinguished from boats based on size and cargo or passenger capacity. Ships are used on lakes, seas, and rivers for a variety of activities, such as the transport of people or goods, fishing,...
s, submarine
Submarine
A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation below the surface of the water. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability...
s and military equipment for the Russian Navy. Sevmash is the only shipyard in Russia producing nuclear submarine
Nuclear submarine
A nuclear submarine is a submarine powered by a nuclear reactor . The performance advantages of nuclear submarines over "conventional" submarines are considerable: nuclear propulsion, being completely independent of air, frees the submarine from the need to surface frequently, as is necessary for...
s. The next to last nuclear submarine produced at the shipyard is the nuclear powered attack submarine Severodvinsk
Russian submarine Severodvinsk
K-329 Severodvinsk is a Yasen-class nuclear attack submarine of the Russian Navy. The construction of the submarine started in 1993 and was first planned to be launched in 1998. However budgetary problems delayed the construction for years, and she was only launched on 15 June 2010...
, which was launched in 2010 and is currently fitting out. Its completion had been delayed due to financial issues. The second Borei class submarine
Borei class submarine
The Borei class is a class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine produced and operated by the Russian Navy. The class is intended to replace the Delta III, Delta IV and Typhoon classes now in Russian Navy service...
Aleksandr Nevskiy was launched later in 2010. There is one other Yasen class submarine Kazan and one Borei class submarine
Borei class submarine
The Borei class is a class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine produced and operated by the Russian Navy. The class is intended to replace the Delta III, Delta IV and Typhoon classes now in Russian Navy service...
Vladimir Monomakh currently under construction at the shipyard. In 2003—2005, Sevmash delivered two Project 636
Kilo class submarine
The Kilo class is the NATO reporting name for a naval diesel-electric submarine that is made in Russia. The original version of the vessels were designated Project 877 Paltus in Russia. There is also a more advanced version, designated as Improved Kilo in the west, and Project 636 Varshavyanka in...
(Kilo class) diesel-electric
Diesel-electric
Diesel-electric transmission or diesel-electric powertrain is used by a number of vehicle and ship types for providing locomotion.A diesel-electric transmission system includes a diesel engine connected to an electrical generator, creating electricity that powers electric traction motors...
submarines to foreign customers. As of 2009, the company has an order for a further two Project 636 vessels.
Under a contract for Rosoboronexport, Sevmash is completing repair and modification work on the former Soviet heavy aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Gorshkov
Soviet aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov
Admiral Gorshkov was a modified Kiev class aircraft carrier of the Russian Navy, originally named Baku. Sometimes Gorshkov is considered a separate class due to its improvements including a phased array radar, extensive electronic warfare installations, and an enlarged command and control suite...
, transforming it into a modern aircraft carrier
Aircraft carrier
An aircraft carrier is a warship designed with a primary mission of deploying and recovering aircraft, acting as a seagoing airbase. Aircraft carriers thus allow a naval force to project air power worldwide without having to depend on local bases for staging aircraft operations...
named INS Vikramaditya
INS Vikramaditya
INS Vikramaditya is the new name for the former Soviet aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov, which has been procured by India, and is estimated to enter service in the Indian Navy after 2012....
for the Indian Navy
Indian Navy
The Indian Navy is the naval branch of the armed forces of India. The President of India serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. The Chief of Naval Staff , usually a four-star officer in the rank of Admiral, commands the Navy...
. The project has been hit by delays and increasing costs, and is expected to be completed in 2012.
Civilian production
An increasingly important product line for the shipyard is production for oilOil
An oil is any substance that is liquid at ambient temperatures and does not mix with water but may mix with other oils and organic solvents. This general definition includes vegetable oils, volatile essential oils, petrochemical oils, and synthetic oils....
and gas
Gas
Gas is one of the three classical states of matter . Near absolute zero, a substance exists as a solid. As heat is added to this substance it melts into a liquid at its melting point , boils into a gas at its boiling point, and if heated high enough would enter a plasma state in which the electrons...
fields projects on the Arctic shelf, including oil platforms. The Prirazlomnaya
Prirazlomnoye field
Prirazlomnoye field is an Arctic offshore oilfield located in the Pechora Sea, south of Novaya Zemlya, Russia. The field development is based on the single stationary Prirazlomnaya platform, which is the first Arctic-class ice-resistant oil platform in the world. The commercial drilling is expected...
ice-resistant stationary platform designed by the Rubin Marine Equipment Design Bureau and being built at the shipyard is the first of its kind in Russia. It is due to start operations in the Pechora Sea
Pechora Sea
Pechora Sea , is a sea at the northwest of Russia, the southeastern part of the Barents Sea. The western border of the sea is off Kolguyev Island, while the eastern border is the western coasts of Vaygach Island and the Yugorsky Peninsula, and the northern border the southern end of Novaya...
. Sevmash has also delivered platforms for foreign companies, such as the marine semi-submerged MOSS CS-50 platform for the Norwegian Moss Mosvold Platforms AS company, which was finished in February 2006. Sevmash has received orders for 3 further platforms of this type. Sevmash is also building a platform for the mid-Barents Sea Shtokman gas field
Shtokman field
The Shtokman field , one of the world's largest natural gas fields, lies in the central part of Russian sector of the Barents Sea, north of Kola Peninsula. Its reserves are estimated at of natural gas and more than 37 million tons of gas condensate.-History:The Shtokman field was discovered...
.
The enterprise is also engaged in commercial shipbuilding, and has during the last decade built over 100 vessels, including sea and harbor tugs, mini-bulkers, pontoon
Pontoon
Pontoon may refer to:* Float , an air-filled structure providing buoyancy* Pontoon , the Australian/Malaysian casino game* Pontoon , a chiefly British version of the card game blackjack...
s, barge
Barge
A barge is a flat-bottomed boat, built mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods. Some barges are not self-propelled and need to be towed by tugboats or pushed by towboats...
s and fish farms. It also produces metallurgical equipment and rail transportation items.
Enterprise characteristics
Sevmash has a work force of 26,951 people. Based in the city of SeverodvinskSeverodvinsk
Severodvinsk is a city in the north of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located in the delta of the Northern Dvina River, west of Arkhangelsk. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . Municipally, it is incorporated as Severodvinsk Urban Okrug. The city was founded as...
in Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It includes the Arctic archipelagos of Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya, as well as the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea....
on the White Sea
White Sea
The White Sea is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located on the northwest coast of Russia. It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, the Kola Peninsula to the north, and the Kanin Peninsula to the northeast. The whole of the White Sea is under Russian sovereignty and considered to be part of...
, its facilities occupy an area of more than 300 hectares and it has more than 100 subdivisions. It is the largest shipbuilding enterprise in Russia. Since August, 2007, Sevmash has been headed by Nikolai Yakovlevich Kalistratov.
The company's revenue from military production in 2009 was estimated to be $533.02 million, up from $431.04 million in 2008. Civilian production amounted to 20% of the company's total revenue, and export share of total production was 10%, according to figures published by Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies
Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies
The Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies is an independent, noncommercial, nongovernmental organization, which carries out research and analysis on Russian conventional arms trade and defense trends both nationally and internationally...
. The centre ranked Sevmash as the 7th most successful enterprise of the Russian defense industry in 2009, based on a comparison of key financial and operational indicators.
History
The construction of the enterprise had its origins in the first 5-year plan when the decision was made to significantly expand shipbuilding capacity. The building of what became SEVMASH began in 1936. The shipyard was developed as part of Stalin's industrialization program and a forced labor camp, part of gulag archipelago, was responsible for the initial construction of its facilities along the left bank of the Nikolskiy Estuary at the mouth of the Severnaya Dvina River. The official establishment date is 21 December 1939, when the hull of its first ship, the battleship Sovetskaya Belorussiya was laid down. . The enterprise was initially known in Soviet times as Shipyard Number 402. During World War IIWorld War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the company was involved in repairing battleships and producing turret artillery units and mine-sweeping equipment. Also during the war years the enterprise built large mine hunters, destroyers, diesel-electric submarines, ferries, lighters, floating repair barges, while repairing both Northern Fleet surface ships as well as vessels delivering supplies via the Arctic Convoys. By 1950 the shipyard had repaired 139 ships and vessels. In the early 1950s, large-scale production of submarines was launched. In 1969, the company produced world's first nuclear submarine with a titanium alloy body, Project 661. In the mid 1970s, its facilities underwent major reconstruction; its industrial capacity was doubled and it had Russia's largest covered slipway installed. Nuclear submarine cruiser Project 941, built in 1981, entered the Guinness World Records
Guinness World Records
Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records , is a reference book published annually, containing a collection of world records, both human achievements and the extremes of the natural world...
as the world's biggest submarine at the time. During its history, the company has built 45 surface ships and 163 submarines, including 128 nuclear submarines.
- Enterprise names
- 2 December 1938 - The director's Directorate of the under construction Shipyard 402 was organized on the order of the USSR Peoples' Commissar for Defense Industry
- 9 September 1959 - Shipyard 402 transformed into the Northern Machinebuilding Enterprise (SEVMASH) by order of the USSR Minister of Shipbuilding
- 26 July 1985 - The Northern Machinebuilding Enterprise was transformed into the Production Conglomerate "Northern Machinebuilding Enterprise" (PO SEVMASH) by order of the USSR Minister of Shipbuilding
- 23 June 1998 - PO SEVMASH was renamed State Unitary Enterprise "PO SEVMASH" (GUP "SEVMASH") by order of the RF Economic Ministry
- 21 February 2001 - GUP "SEVMASH" renamed Federal State Unitary Enterprise ""PO SEVMASH" (FGUP "PO SEVMASH") by order of the Russian Shipbuilding Agency
Military Production listing
- Surface ships
- 45 units
- 23 units - Project 122A
- 20 units - Project 30, 30K, & 30bis
- 2 units - Project 68bis
- 45 units
- Submarines
- 36 diesel-electric submarines
- 12 Project 611 & AV611 (Zulu ClassZulu class submarineThe Soviet Navy's Project 611, NATO reporting name Zulu class, were one of the first Soviet post-war attack submarines. They were roughly as capable as the American GUPPY fleet-boat conversions. They were a contemporary of the Whiskey class submarines and shared a similar sonar arrangement...
) - 16 Project 629 & 629B (Golf ClassGolf class submarineProject 629, also known by the NATO reporting name of Golf class, were diesel electric ballistic missile submarines of the Soviet Navy. They were designed after six Zulu class submarines were successfully modified to carry and launch Scud missiles...
) - 2 Project 636 (Kilo ClassKilo class submarineThe Kilo class is the NATO reporting name for a naval diesel-electric submarine that is made in Russia. The original version of the vessels were designated Project 877 Paltus in Russia. There is also a more advanced version, designated as Improved Kilo in the west, and Project 636 Varshavyanka in...
) - 1 Project 20120 (Sarov Class)
- 12 Project 611 & AV611 (Zulu Class
- 38 first generation nuclear-powered submarines
- 13 Project 627 & 627A (November ClassNovember class submarineThe Project 627 class submarine was the Soviet Union's first class of nuclear-powered submarines. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization used the standard radio communication phonetic alphabet to denote submarine classes...
) - 8 Project 658 (Hotel ClassHotel class submarineThe Hotel class is the general NATO classification for a type of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine that was originally put into service by the Soviet Union around 1959. The Soviet designation is Project 658.-Design:...
) - 1 Project 645
- 16 Project 675 (Echo II ClassEcho class submarineThe Echo class submarines were nuclear cruise missile submarines of the Soviet Navy built during the 1960s. Their Soviet designation was Project 659 class for the first five vessels, and Project 675 for the following twenty-nine...
)
- 13 Project 627 & 627A (November Class
- 63 second generation nuclear-powered submarines
- 24 Project 667A & 667AU (Yankee ClassYankee class submarineThe Yankee class is the NATO classification for a type of nuclear-powered submarine that was constructed by the Soviet Union from 1968 onward. 34 units were produced under Project 667A Navaga and Project 667AU Nalim...
) - 1 Project 661 (Papa ClassPapa class submarineSoviet submarine K-162 was the world's fastest submarine. The first submarine constructed with a titanium hull, she was the only vessel of the Soviet Union's Project 661 Anchar nuclear-powered attack submarine design. The boat is best known in the West by its NATO reporting name Papa class...
) - 10 Project 667B (Delta I ClassDelta class submarineThe Delta class is a class of submarines which formed the backbone of the Soviet and Russian strategic submarine fleet since its introduction in 1973...
) - 4 Project 667BD (Delta II ClassDelta class submarineThe Delta class is a class of submarines which formed the backbone of the Soviet and Russian strategic submarine fleet since its introduction in 1973...
) - 14 Project 667BDR (Delta III ClassDelta class submarineThe Delta class is a class of submarines which formed the backbone of the Soviet and Russian strategic submarine fleet since its introduction in 1973...
) - 3 Project 705K (Alfa ClassAlfa class submarineThe Soviet Union/Russian Navy Project 705 was a class of hunter/killer nuclear powered submarines. The class is also known by the NATO reporting name of Alfa...
) - 7 Project 667BDRM (Delta IV ClassDelta class submarineThe Delta class is a class of submarines which formed the backbone of the Soviet and Russian strategic submarine fleet since its introduction in 1973...
)
- 24 Project 667A & 667AU (Yankee Class
- 27 third generation nuclear-powered submarines
- 13 Project 949 & 949A (Oscar I & Oscar II ClassOscar class submarineThe Project 949 and Project 949A Soviet Navy/Russian Navy cruise missile submarines ....
) - 6 Project 941 (Typhoon ClassTyphoon class submarineThe Project 941 or Akula, Russian "Акула" class submarine is a type of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine deployed by the Soviet Navy in the 1980s...
) - 1 Project 685 (Mike Class)
- 7 Project 971 (Akula I and Akula II ClassAkula class submarineProject 971 Щука-Б , is a nuclear-powered attack submarine first deployed by the Soviet Navy in 1986...
)
- 13 Project 949 & 949A (Oscar I & Oscar II Class
- 3 fourth generation nuclear-powered submarines
- 2 Project 955 (Borey/Dolgorukiy ClassBorei class submarineThe Borei class is a class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine produced and operated by the Russian Navy. The class is intended to replace the Delta III, Delta IV and Typhoon classes now in Russian Navy service...
) - 1 Project 885 (Yasen/Severodvinsk Class)
- 2 Project 955 (Borey/Dolgorukiy Class
- 36 diesel-electric submarines