Shvetsov ASh-82
Encyclopedia
The Shvetsov ASh-82 (M-82) is a 14-cylinder, two-row, air-cooled radial
aircraft engine
developed from the Shvetsov M-62, itself a development from M-25 a licensed version of the Wright R-1820 Cyclone
.
could not be installed. It entered production in 1940 and saw service in a number of Soviet aircraft. It powered the Tupolev Tu-2
and Pe-8 bombers and the inline engine
-powered LaGG-3 was adapted for the ASh-82, additionally the famous Lavochkin La-5
, Lavochkin La-7
fighters, and the Ilyushin Il-14
airliner were created around the engine. Over 70,000 ASh-82s were built.
Radial engine
The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion engine configuration in which the cylinders point outward from a central crankshaft like the spokes on a wheel...
aircraft engine
Aircraft engine
An aircraft engine is the component of the propulsion system for an aircraft that generates mechanical power. Aircraft engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or gas turbines...
developed from the Shvetsov M-62, itself a development from M-25 a licensed version of the Wright R-1820 Cyclone
Wright R-1820
|-See also:-References:* Bridgman, L, Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. Crescent. ISBN 0-517-67964-7* Eden, Paul & Soph Moeng, The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Amber Books Ltd. Bradley's Close, 74-77 White Lion Street, London, NI 9PF, 2002, ISBN 0-7607-3432-1), 1152...
.
Design and development
Arkadiy Shvetsov developed the Wright Cyclone design, reducing the stroke, dimensions and weight. This allowed the engine to be used in light aircraft, where a Twin CycloneWright R-2600
|-See also:-Bibliography:* Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London. Studio Editions Ltd, 1998. ISBN 0-517-67964-7-External links:...
could not be installed. It entered production in 1940 and saw service in a number of Soviet aircraft. It powered the Tupolev Tu-2
Tupolev Tu-2
|-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Bishop, Chris. The Encyclopedia of Weapons of WWII: The Comprehensive Guide to Over 1,500 Weapons Systems, Including Tanks, Small Arms, Warplanes, Artillery, Ships, and Submarines. New York: Sterling, 2002. ISBN 1-58663-762-2.* Ethell, Jeffrey L. Aircraft...
and Pe-8 bombers and the inline engine
Inline engine (aviation)
In aviation, an inline engine means any reciprocating engine with banks rather than rows of cylinders, including straight engines, flat engines, V engines and H engines, but excluding radial engines and rotary engines....
-powered LaGG-3 was adapted for the ASh-82, additionally the famous Lavochkin La-5
Lavochkin La-5
|- See also :- References :NotesBibliography* Abanshin, Michael E. and Nina Gut. Fighting Lavochkin, Eagles of the East No.1. Lynnwood, WA: Aviation International, 1993. ISBN unknown....
, Lavochkin La-7
Lavochkin La-7
The Lavochkin La-7 was a piston-engined Soviet fighter developed during World War II by the Lavochkin Design Bureau . It was a development and refinement of the Lavochkin La-5, and the last in a family of aircraft that had begun with the LaGG-1 in 1938. Its first flight was in early 1944 and it...
fighters, and the Ilyushin Il-14
Ilyushin Il-14
The Ilyushin Il-14 was a Soviet twin-engine commercial and military personnel and cargo transport aircraft that first flew in 1950, and entered service in 1954. Il-14 was also manufactured in East Germany by VVB Flugzeugbau, in Czechoslovakia as the Avia 14, and in China under the Chinese...
airliner were created around the engine. Over 70,000 ASh-82s were built.
Variants
- ASh-82-111 (M-82-111) - First mass-produced ASh-82, with carburettors and one two-speed supercharger. This engine had lubrication and carburettor problems in extreme cold conditions.
- ASh-82-112 (M-82-112) - Improved M-82-111 with longer Time between overhaulTime between overhaulOne important measure of an aircraft engine's overall economics is how often it has to be overhauled, the so-called time between overhaul, typically seen as TBO or TBOH....
(TBO) and better reliability. Redesigned carburettors, oil pumps, gear, turbocharger and reinforced pushrods. This engine worked better in the harsh Russian winter. - ASh-82F (M-82F) - Identical to ASh-82 except for longer Time between overhaul and improved cooling and lubrication which allowed unlimited operation at takeoff power.
- ASh-82FN (M-82FN) - ASh-82F with gasoline direct injectionGasoline direct injectionIn internal combustion engines, gasoline direct injection , also known as petrol direct injection or direct petrol injection, is a variant of fuel injection employed in modern two-stroke and four-stroke gasoline engines...
, power output increased to 1,230 kW (1,650 hp) for takeoff with only a 30 kg (65 lb) increase in engine weight, used by Pe-8 long-range bombers and Lavochkin La-7 fighters. - ASh-82FNU (M-82FNU) - Improved M-82FN with more boost pressure and RPM, power output increased to 1,380 kW (1,850 hp). After all the improvements, the ASh-82FN and ASh-82FNU were two of the most sturdy radial engines of the war.
- ASh-21 (M-21) - Single-row 7-cylinder version of ASh-82 for Yakovlev Yak-11Yakovlev Yak-11|-See also:-References:* Gordon, Yefim, Dmitry Komissarov and Sergey Komissarov. OKB Yakovlev: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft. Hinkley, UK: Midland Publishing, 2005. ISBN 1 85780 203 9....
trainer, entered production in 1946.
- ASh-82T (M-82T) - New version of the Ash-82FNU developed in the early fifties for civilian aircraft. Previous version twin turbochargers were replaced with a large single-speed compressor attached to an after-cooler (the critical altitude was 2,000 m, 6,561 ft). Optionally, the engine was provided with a two-speed turbocharger (with a critical altitude of 4,000 m, 13,123 ft, the robustness of the engine allowed to take off in second speed). New alloys were used and some components were upgraded, thus reducing maintenance operations. Special care was put into reducing the engine noise level and an optional exhaust double silencer was available. The engine had a new fuel injection system and improved specific fuel consumption (a 16% reduction at cruise speed compared to 82FNU). A four-blade high efficiency propeller, the Typ AB-50m, was developed for the 82T version. This radial engine had an excellent reputation for its reliability and simple maintenance; there are still aircraft in service with this engine thanks to the inexpensive spare parts and the possibility to use automotive gasoline . The power was 1,900 hp (1,417 kW) at 2,600 RPM for takeoff, with 95 or 100 octane Avgas. Maximum continuous power was 1,630 hp (1,215 kW). Lower octane fuel, 90 octane Avgas or equivalent automotive gas, was allowed with minor modifications and turbocharger Manifold Pressure restrictions that limited the power to 1,700 hp (1,268 kW).
- ASh-82V (M-82V) - Helicopter version of the ASh-82T developed in 1952, with axial-flow fan mounted in the fuselage's front. The engine was connected to a R-5 two-stage planetary primary gearbox with the help of a shaft (which was between the pilots seats). This engine was used in the Mi-4 and Jak-24 helicopters
- ASh-2TK and ASh-2K (ASh-4K) – Four-row versions of the Ash-82, developed in the late '40s. The engine concept was similar to the Pratt & Whitney R-4360. The Shvetsov design bureau took into consideration all available information about the R-4360 and developed an engine with less maintenance operations, longer time between overhaul, direct fuel injection and a simpler supercharging system. The ASh-2TK had a two-stage two-speed supercharging system with intercooler (similar to the ASh-73) that compromised a long engine's TBO. Finally the ASh-2TK was discarded and a new version was developed, the ASh-4K, with an experimental variable-speed turbocharger and after-cooler, which allowed a cruising altitude of 11,000 m (36,089 ft). The engine had 82.4 liters (5,030 cu in) and 4,000 HP (2,985 kW) at 2,600 RPM (dry). The Ash-2K (ASh-4K) version had 4,700 HP (3.507 kW) wet, with a water-methanol system. For political reasons, these engines were prematurely installed in Tupolev Tu-4LL testbeds at the end of 1950, when the prototypes' initial tests had barely begun. The engines had mature and overheating problems, and required a long testing period. Most of the flaws were fixed in the mid-fifties, but the production was cancelled: in those days, the priority for the Soviet Air Force were turboprop and jet engines.
- Dongan HS7 A Chinese license built copy of the ASh-82V, and the chosen engine for powering modern 21st century reproductions of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190A built in Germany.
Applications
- Amtorg KM-2 (Improved PBY CatalinaPBY CatalinaThe Consolidated PBY Catalina was an American flying boat of the 1930s and 1940s produced by Consolidated Aircraft. It was one of the most widely used multi-role aircraft of World War II. PBYs served with every branch of the United States Armed Forces and in the air forces and navies of many other...
, built under Consolidated license) - Gudkov Gu-82 (Prototype)
- Ilyushin Il-2Ilyushin Il-2The Ilyushin Il-2 was a ground-attack aircraft in the Second World War, produced by the Soviet Union in very large numbers...
(prototype) - Ilyushin Il-12Ilyushin Il-12The Ilyushin Il-12 was a Soviet twin-engine cargo aircraft, developed in the mid-1940s for small and medium-haul airline routes and as a military transport.-Design and development:...
- Ilyushin Il-14Ilyushin Il-14The Ilyushin Il-14 was a Soviet twin-engine commercial and military personnel and cargo transport aircraft that first flew in 1950, and entered service in 1954. Il-14 was also manufactured in East Germany by VVB Flugzeugbau, in Czechoslovakia as the Avia 14, and in China under the Chinese...
- Kocherigin OPB-5 (prototype)
- Lavochkin La-5Lavochkin La-5|- See also :- References :NotesBibliography* Abanshin, Michael E. and Nina Gut. Fighting Lavochkin, Eagles of the East No.1. Lynnwood, WA: Aviation International, 1993. ISBN unknown....
- Lavochkin La-7Lavochkin La-7The Lavochkin La-7 was a piston-engined Soviet fighter developed during World War II by the Lavochkin Design Bureau . It was a development and refinement of the Lavochkin La-5, and the last in a family of aircraft that had begun with the LaGG-1 in 1938. Its first flight was in early 1944 and it...
- Lavochkin La-9Lavochkin La-9|-See also:-Bibliography:* Gordon, Yefim. Lavochkin's Piston-Engined Fighters . Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing Ltd., 2003. ISBN 1-85780-151-2....
- Lavochkin La-11Lavochkin La-11-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Gordon, Yefim. Lavochkin's Piston-Engined Fighters . Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing Ltd., 2003. ISBN 1-85780-151-2....
- MiG-5Mikoyan-Gurevich DIS-Comparable aircraft:*de Havilland Mosquito*Focke-Wulf Fw 187*Lockheed P-38 Lightning*Messerschmitt Bf 110*Westland Whirlwind-References:NotesBibliography...
- MiG-9 I-210 (1941 Prototype)
- Mikoyan-Gurevich I-211Mikoyan-Gurevich I-211-Bibliography:* Gordon, Yefim. Soviet Airpower in World War 2. Hinckley, England: Midland Publishing, 2008 ISBN 978-1-85780-304-4-Further reading:...
prototype - Mil Mi-4Mil Mi-4The Mil Mi-4 was a Soviet transport helicopter that served in both military and civilian roles.-Design and development:...
- Petlyakov Pe-2Petlyakov Pe-2The Petlyakov Pe-2 was a Soviet dive bomber aircraft used during World War II. It was regarded as one of the best ground attack aircraft of the war and it was extremely successful in the roles of heavy fighter, reconnaissance and night fighter...
- Petlyakov Pe-8Petlyakov Pe-8The Petlyakov Pe-8 was a Soviet heavy bomber designed before World War II, and the only four-engine bomber the USSR built during the war. Produced in limited numbers, it was used to bomb Berlin in August 1941. It was also used for so-called "morale raids" designed to raise the spirit of the Soviet...
- Polikarpov I-185Polikarpov I-185|-See also:-Bibliography:* Abanshin, Michael E. and Gut, Nina. Fighting Polikarpov, Eagles of the East No. 2. Lynnwood, WA: Aviation International, 1994. ISBN 1-884909-01-9....
(Prototype) - Sukhoi Su-2Sukhoi Su-2-External links:***-Related content:*List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS...
- Sukhoi Su-7
- Sukhoi Su-12Sukhoi Su-12|-See also:-References:*Antonov,Vladimir & Gordon, Yefim & others. OKB Sukhoi”. Leicester. Midland. 1996. ISBN 1 85780 0125...
- Tupolev Tu-2Tupolev Tu-2|-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Bishop, Chris. The Encyclopedia of Weapons of WWII: The Comprehensive Guide to Over 1,500 Weapons Systems, Including Tanks, Small Arms, Warplanes, Artillery, Ships, and Submarines. New York: Sterling, 2002. ISBN 1-58663-762-2.* Ethell, Jeffrey L. Aircraft...
- Yakovlev Yak-24