Siberia Governorate
Encyclopedia
Siberia Governorate was an administrative division (a guberniya
) of the Russian Empire
, which existed from 1708 until 1782. Its seat was in Tobolsk
(initially spelt as Tobolesk). The governorate was located in the east of Russian Empire and bordered China
in the south, Kazan Governorate
in the south-west, and Archangelgorod Governorate
in the north-west. In the north and the east, the governorate was limited by the seas of the Arctic and Pacific Oceans. In therms of the area, Siberia Governorate was by far the biggest among all the governorates, as it included areas in the Urals, Siberia
, and the Russian Far East
some of which were not yet even settled by Russians at the time.
Peter the Great's edict
.
As with the rest of the governorates, the description of Siberia Governorate's borders was not given. Instead, the territory was defined as a set of cities and the lands adjacent to those cities.
At the time of establishment, the following 30 cities were included into Siberia Governorate,
was moved from Siberia Governorate to Archangelgorod Governorate
.
In 1724, Tobolsk Province was split into Yeniseysk, Irkutsk, and Tobolsk Provinces. In 1727, Vyatka and Solikamsk Provinces were transferred to Kazan Governorate.
In 1736, Okhotsky Uyezd was split off from Yakutsky Uyezd. In the same year, Siberia Governorate was split into two independent areas: Siberia Province, which consisted of the former Tobolsk and Yeniseysk Provinces, under the authority of the governor (posted in Tobolsk), and Irkutsk Province. In 1737, the areas in the South Urals were organized into Iset Province with the center in the town of Shadrinsk
, and the province was transferred into Orenburg Governorate
. In 1764, Irkutsk Governorate was established in place of the former Irkutsk Province.
In 1782, Siberia Governorate was abolished, and its area split into Tobolsk Viceroyalty and Kolyvan Viceroyalty. Irkutsk Governorate was transformed into Irkutsk Viceroyalty.
Guberniya
A guberniya was a major administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire usually translated as government, governorate, or province. Such administrative division was preserved for sometime upon the collapse of the empire in 1917. A guberniya was ruled by a governor , a word borrowed from Latin ,...
) of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
, which existed from 1708 until 1782. Its seat was in Tobolsk
Tobolsk
Tobolsk is a town in Tyumen Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Tobol and Irtysh Rivers. It is a historic capital of Siberia. Population: -History:...
(initially spelt as Tobolesk). The governorate was located in the east of Russian Empire and bordered China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
in the south, Kazan Governorate
Kazan Governorate
The Kazan Governorate or Government of Kazan was a governorate of Imperial Russia from 1708–1920, with the city of Kazan as its capital.-History:...
in the south-west, and Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate , or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel...
in the north-west. In the north and the east, the governorate was limited by the seas of the Arctic and Pacific Oceans. In therms of the area, Siberia Governorate was by far the biggest among all the governorates, as it included areas in the Urals, Siberia
Siberia
Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
, and the Russian Far East
Russian Far East
Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean...
some of which were not yet even settled by Russians at the time.
Establishment
The Governorate was established on , 1708 together with seven other governorates, by TsarTsar
Tsar is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism...
Peter the Great's edict
Ukase
A ukase , in Imperial Russia, was a proclamation of the tsar, government, or a religious leader that had the force of law...
.
As with the rest of the governorates, the description of Siberia Governorate's borders was not given. Instead, the territory was defined as a set of cities and the lands adjacent to those cities.
At the time of establishment, the following 30 cities were included into Siberia Governorate,
- (mentioned as towns)
-
- BeryozovBeryozovoBeryozovo is an urban locality and the administrative center of Beryozovsky District of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Ob River. Population:...
; - IlimskIlimskIlimsk was a small town in Siberia, within today's Irkutsk Oblast of Russia. The town was flooded by the Ust-Ilimsk Reservoir in the mid-1970s....
oy; - IrkutskIrkutskIrkutsk is a city and the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, one of the largest cities in Siberia. Population: .-History:In 1652, Ivan Pokhabov built a zimovye near the site of Irkutsk for gold trading and for the collection of fur taxes from the Buryats. In 1661, Yakov Pokhabov...
oy; - Ketskoy;
- Krasny YarKrasnoyarskKrasnoyarsk is a city and the administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Yenisei River. It is the third largest city in Siberia, with the population of 973,891. Krasnoyarsk is an important junction of the Trans-Siberian Railway and one of Russia's largest producers of...
; - KuznetskoyNovokuznetskNovokuznetsk is a city in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. It serves as the administrative center of Novokuznetsky District, but it is not administratively a part of it...
; - MangazeyaMangazeyaMangazeya was a Northwest Siberian trans-Ural trade colony and later city in the 16-17th centuries. Founded in 1600, it was situated on the Taz River, between the lower courses of the Ob and Yenisei Rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean....
; - NarymNarymNarym is a village in Parabelsky District of Tomsk Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Ob River near its confluence with the Ket River, from the village of Parabel...
; - NerchinskNerchinskNerchinsk is a town and the administrative center of Nerchinsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located east of Lake Baikal, east of Chita, and about west of the Chinese border on the left bank of the Nercha River, above its confluence with the Shilka River, which flows into the Amur...
oy; - PelymPelymPelym is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.Urban localities*Pelym, Ivdel, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a work settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of the city of Ivdel, Sverdlovsk OblastRural localities...
; - SurgutSurgutSurgut is a city in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Ob River near its junction with the Irtysh River, the largest in the autonomous okrug and the second largest in Tyumen Oblast. Population:...
; - TaraTara, RussiaTara is a town in Omsk Oblast, Russia, located about north of Omsk, at the confluence of the Tara and Irtysh Rivers at a point where the forested country merges into the steppe. It serves as the administrative center of Tarsky District, although it is not administratively a part of it...
; - ToboleskTobolskTobolsk is a town in Tyumen Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Tobol and Irtysh Rivers. It is a historic capital of Siberia. Population: -History:...
; - TomskTomskTomsk is a city and the administrative center of Tomsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Tom River. One of the oldest towns in Siberia, Tomsk celebrated its 400th anniversary in 2004...
oy; - TurinskTurinskTurinsk is a town and the administrative center of Turinsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Tura River midway between Verkhoturye and Tyumen, near its confluence with the Yarlynka, northeast of Yekaterinburg...
; - TyumenTyumenTyumen is the largest city and the administrative center of Tyumen Oblast, Russia, located on the Tura River east of Moscow. Population: Tyumen is the oldest Russian settlement in Siberia. Founded in 16th century to support Russia's eastward expansion, the city has remained one of the most...
; - VerkhoturyeVerkhoturyeVerkhoturye is a historic town and the administrative center of Verkhotursky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located in the middle Ural Mountains on the left bank of the Tura River north of Yekaterinburg. Population: 7,815 Verkhoturye is a historic town and the administrative center of...
; - YakutskYakutskWith a subarctic climate , Yakutsk is the coldest city, though not the coldest inhabited place, on Earth. Average monthly temperatures range from in July to in January. The coldest temperatures ever recorded on the planet outside Antarctica occurred in the basin of the Yana River to the northeast...
oy; - YeniseyskYeniseyskYeniseysk is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Yenisei River. Population: 20,000 .Yeniseysk was founded in 1619 as a stockaded town—the first town on the Yenisei River. It played an important role in Russian colonization of East Siberia in the 17th–18th centuries...
.- (mentioned as Pomor towns)
- CherdynCherdynCherdyn is a town and the administrative center of Cherdynsky District of Perm Krai, Russia. Population: The Kolva River flows by the town....
; - Kay Gorodok;
- KungurKungurKungur is a town in the southeast of Perm Krai, Russia, located in the Ural Mountains at the inflowing of the Iren and Shakhva Rivers into the Sylva River . Kungur was founded in 1663 and granted town status in 1781. It serves as the administrative center of Kungursky District, although it is not...
; - Perm VelikayaPermPerm is a city and the administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia, located on the banks of the Kama River, in the European part of Russia near the Ural Mountains. From 1940 to 1957 it was named Molotov ....
; - Sol KamskayaSolikamskSolikamsk is a town in Perm Krai, Russia. It is the third-largest town in Perm Krai, with a population of It was founded in 1430. The name of the town is derived from the Russian words "" and "" .It is famous for its production of salt, in particular, potassium chloride, which is used as a...
; - VyatkaKirov, Kirov OblastKirov , formerly known as Vyatka and Khlynov, is a city in northeastern European Russia, on the Vyatka River, and the administrative center of Kirov Oblast. Population: -History:...
with four unnamed suburbs; - YarenskYarenskYarensk is a selo of 4,100 people located on the bank of the Vychegda River near its confluence with the Yarenga. It is the center of Lensky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast....
.
- Beryozov
Transformations and disestablishment
In 1719, the governorate was divided into three provinces: Vyatka, Solikamsk, and Tobolsk. Simultaneously, Yarensky Uyezd with the administrative center of YarenskYarensk
Yarensk is a selo of 4,100 people located on the bank of the Vychegda River near its confluence with the Yarenga. It is the center of Lensky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast....
was moved from Siberia Governorate to Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate , or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel...
.
In 1724, Tobolsk Province was split into Yeniseysk, Irkutsk, and Tobolsk Provinces. In 1727, Vyatka and Solikamsk Provinces were transferred to Kazan Governorate.
In 1736, Okhotsky Uyezd was split off from Yakutsky Uyezd. In the same year, Siberia Governorate was split into two independent areas: Siberia Province, which consisted of the former Tobolsk and Yeniseysk Provinces, under the authority of the governor (posted in Tobolsk), and Irkutsk Province. In 1737, the areas in the South Urals were organized into Iset Province with the center in the town of Shadrinsk
Shadrinsk
Shadrinsk is a town in Kurgan Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Iset River northwest of Kurgan. Population: -Climate:...
, and the province was transferred into Orenburg Governorate
Orenburg Governorate
Orenburg Governorate was an administrative division of the Russian Empire with the center in the city of Orenburg.The governorate was created in 1744 from the lands annexed from Siberian and Astrakhan Governorates...
. In 1764, Irkutsk Governorate was established in place of the former Irkutsk Province.
In 1782, Siberia Governorate was abolished, and its area split into Tobolsk Viceroyalty and Kolyvan Viceroyalty. Irkutsk Governorate was transformed into Irkutsk Viceroyalty.
Governors
The administration of the governorate was performed by a governor. The governors of the Arkhangelogorod Governorate were- 1708-1714 Matvey Petrovich Gagarin
- 1714-1716 Ivan Bibikov (acting governor)
- 1716-1719 Matvey Petrovich Gagarin, imprisoned in 1719 and executed by hangingHangingHanging is the lethal suspension of a person by a ligature. The Oxford English Dictionary states that hanging in this sense is "specifically to put to death by suspension by the neck", though it formerly also referred to crucifixion and death by impalement in which the body would remain...
in 1721 for corruption; - 1719-1724 Alexey Mikhaylovich Cherkassky
- 1724-1726 Mikhail Vladimirovich Dolgorukov
- 1726-1727 Alexey Mikhaylovich Surov (acting governor)
- 1727-1728 Mikhail Vladimirovich Dolgorukov
- 1728-1731 Ivan Vasilyevich Boltin (vice-governor, acting governor)
- 1730 Vasily Lukich DolgorukovVasily Lukich DolgorukovPrince Vasiliy Lukich Dolgorukov was a Russian diplomat and minister who was the most powerful man in the country in the later years of Peter II's reign....
(never arrived to Tobolsk) - 1731-1736 Alexey Lvovich Pleshcheyev
- 1736-1741 Pyotr Ivanovich Buturlin
- 1741-1742 Ivan Afanasyevich Shipov
- 1742-1752 Alexey Mikhaylovich Sukharev
- 1754-1757 Vasily Alexeyevich Myatlev
- 1757-1763 Fyodor Ivanovich Soymonov
- 1763-1780 Denis Ivanovich Chicherin