Siddheshwar
Encyclopedia
Siddharama ( Siddarama  of Solapur
Solapur
Solapur is a city in South Western Maharashtra, India governed by municipal corporation.Solapur is one of the four districts that form the region of Western Maharashtra . It is the fourth largest district in Maharashtra in terms of land area and seventh largest in terms of population...

 ) was one among the many apostles of Lingayat
Lingayatism
Lingayatism, also known as Veerashaivism, is a distinct Shaivite denomination in India. It makes several departures from mainstream Hinduism and propounds monotheism through worship centered on Lord Shiva. It also rejects the authority of the Vedas and the caste system. The adherents of this faith...

 (Veerashaivism) religion.He was a great mystic
Mysticism
Mysticism is the knowledge of, and especially the personal experience of, states of consciousness, i.e. levels of being, beyond normal human perception, including experience and even communion with a supreme being.-Classical origins:...

 and a Kannada poet who was a part of Basavanna's Veerashaiva revolution during the 12th century.
Siddharama claims to have written 68,000 vachanas out of which 1379 are in existence. Basavanna, Allama Prabhu
Allama Prabhu
Allama Prabhu is a mystic-saint and Vachana poet of the Kannada language in the 12th century. Prabhu is the patron saint , the undisputed spiritual authority, and an integral part of the Lingayata movement that decisively shaped society in medieval Karnataka and...

, Devara Dasimayya, Channabasava, Siddharama (1150)are regarded as the most acknowledged and respected poets. Vachanakaras wrote in the genre of Veerashaivas,under Kannada literature from the mystic period. His philosophy was one of service to mankind, the path of karmayoga. He shares the world view of other vachana poets in his rejection of blind conventions of caste
Caste
Caste is an elaborate and complex social system that combines elements of endogamy, occupation, culture, social class, tribal affiliation and political power. It should not be confused with race or social class, e.g. members of different castes in one society may belong to the same race, as in India...

 and sex discrimination and emphasis on realization through personal experience. He too borrows Metaphors from diverse spheres of everyday life. Apart from vachanas,he has written several devotional works in tripadi
Tripadi
Tripadi is a metre in the Kannada language dating back to c. 700 CE.-Definition:...

. writing three-line verse, used from 7th century.

Siddarama's Life

He was a king of Sonnalgi or Solapur
Solapur
Solapur is a city in South Western Maharashtra, India governed by municipal corporation.Solapur is one of the four districts that form the region of Western Maharashtra . It is the fourth largest district in Maharashtra in terms of land area and seventh largest in terms of population...

,the son of Vokkaliga Muddanna and Suggave and the first Spiritual guru of vokkaligas. As part of Sharana
Sharana
Sharana meaning to surrender denotes egoless surrender and refuge in god,the lord Shiva,the Deity of Lingayatism and Hinduism.In actual sense the word sharana refers to a person who is a follower of saint Basava....

 revolution in 12th century, he encouraged inter-caste marriages. He undertook many irrigation projects for the common good. He saw divinity in every existence of the world.

Shri Siddharameshwar was a historical figure of the 12th century whose "Karmayoga" about his native land, Solapur, turned him into a God-figure in time. There was a great saint Shri Siddarama, who preached the teachings of Shri Basaweshwara. A young girl, inspired by the teachings of this saint wished to marry him. Shri Siddaram denied her but gave permission to marry with his Yogadanda. The same marriage function is celebrated every year on the Makar Sankranti for three days at Bhogi, Sankrant and Kinkrant. The Nandi Dhwajas are presumed as Bride and Groom for the marriage. This festival falls around 14th January every year. A fair popularly known as Gadda Jatra is arranged for fifteen days dat this time of the year.

Siddheshwar(Siddharama) was a great conributor to Lingayatism religion and he is considered as one of the five prophets of Lingayat religion. He had gained the "Siddhi". As Solapur was a drought prone area, Shri Siddharameshwar dug a lake with the help of 4000 "Sharanas" to solve the problem of potable water. He entombed himself alive .

(Shivyogsamadhi) at Solapur

Lord Shiva appeared in the guise of a Jangam Swami and called himself Mallinath
Mallinath
Mallinath was the nineteenth Tīrthaṅkara "Ford-Maker" of the present avasarpiṇī age in Jainism. According to Jain beliefs, Mallinath became a siddha - a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma. Śvētāmbara Jaina beliefs hold that Mallinath was female, making her the only woman to become...

 from Shrishail. The place where Mallinath met Siddharam is known as 'Gurubhet' which is now in front of the Collector's Bungalow in Solapur
Solapur
Solapur is a city in South Western Maharashtra, India governed by municipal corporation.Solapur is one of the four districts that form the region of Western Maharashtra . It is the fourth largest district in Maharashtra in terms of land area and seventh largest in terms of population...

, Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...

. This Jangam
Jangam
The Jangam or Jangama are a "Saivite order of wandering religious mendicants. The Jangams are the priests or gurus of the Saivite sect of Lingāyats". "The word Jangam is derived from the movable emblem of Lord Shiva...

 requested Siddharama to serve him hot fried tender Jowar. Next he demanded curd-rice at in order to sooth the burning sensation in his stomach. Siddharam ran to his home and asked his mother for curd-rice.

On his return to the fields, he searched for him, shouting, "Mallaya, Mallaya" did not find him. There he inquired pf the Kawadi Jangams who were on a pilgrimage to Shrishail. They promised to show him Mallayya. His quest for Mallayya made him determined to go to Shrishail. At Shrishail he was shown the Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga, utb this linga of black stone did not please him. Then he inquired every object and every people about the whereabouts of Mallayya running over the length and breadth of Shrishail. Siddharama began to weep. His tears were collected in the collected in a tank in the ground, which presently became known as Nayan-Kunda . When Shivayogi Siddharam reached the brink of a very deep valley called 'Rudrakada' and peeping down he yelled out "Mallayya, Mallayya!, but he did not appear. As Siddharama was about to jump in the valley., Lord Mallinath appeared and caught hold of him by his hands.He visualized Mallaya telling him to return to Sonnalige and work towards making it the second Srishailam.

The Lord pacified him and offered 'Vajrakundal' and 'Yoga Danda' which possesses the potential to fulfill all wishes.

The Lord Mallinath asked
Siddharamto return to Sonnalgie to end grief on earth. The Lord Mallinath assured him that he himself would appear in the form of Shivalinga in Sonnalgie. Shivayogi Siddharam returned to Sonnalgie; the ruler of that time Nannappa and his wife Chamala Devi gave him 5 kosa
Kosa
, also known as Hongan-ji Kennyo , was the 11th head of the Hongan-ji in Kyoto, and Chief Abbot of Ishiyama Hongan-ji, cathedral fortress of the Ikkō-ikki , during its siege at the end of the Sengoku Period...

 land as they were told to do by a vision of Lord Shiva. Shivayogi Siddharam consecrated 68 lingas by the holy hands of Jagadguru Kapilasiddha Panditardhya, within the Panch Crosh of Sonnalgie making Sonnalgie a "Kshetra" (holy place).

Siddarama returned to Sonnalige and involved himself in public works. He dug lakes and and built temples. He encouraged people to conduct mass weddings, and do other works, which would benefit mankind. Many people joined him in transforming Sonnalige.

Allama and Siddarama came to Kalyana. At Anubhava Mantapa
Anubhava Mantapa
Anubhava Mantapa was an academy of mystics, saints and philosophers of the Lingayat faith in the 12th century. It was the fountainhead of all religious and philosophical thought pertaining to the Lingayat. It was presided over by the mystic Allama Prabhu and numerous Sharanas from all over...

 Allama, Siddarama, Chennabasavanna, Basavanna and others discussed the need for Istalinga.

Siddarama accepted Chennabasavanna as his Guru. Chennabasavanna performed the Istalinga initiation for Siddarama.

Development of Virasaivism during the Yadava
Yadava
The Yadavas were an ancient Indian people who believed themselves to be descended from Yadu, a mythical king. The community was probably formed of four clans, being the Abhira, Andhaka, Vrishni, and Satvatas, who all worshipped Lord Krishna. They are listed in ancient Indian literature as the...

 period

Sonnalige in Sholapur district which was famous as the birthplace of the celebrated Virasaiva saint Siddharama was included in the Sevuna empire. And, obviously it made a great impact on the religious life of the people during the Sevuna period.The saint Siddharama who received diksha
Diksha
Diksa also spelled deeksha or deeksa in common usage, translated as a "preparation or consecration for a religious ceremony", is giving of a mantra or an initiation by the guru in Indian religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism...

 from Channabasavanna was highly respected in the area and hence it came to be called Sonnalige kshetra and southern Varanasi and Abhinava Srisaila.The temple of Kapilasiddha Mallikarjuna at Sonnalige added greater sanctity to the place. Almost all the later kings of the Sevuna dynasty were the patrons of this kshetra as well as the saint Siddharama. Bhillama's ministers Bandugideva and Mayideva are said to have visited the kshetra, worshipped at the temple and gifted the village Choraharige for the ngabhogaand rangabho of the temple in 1191 A.D.5 The next ruler Jaitugi made many grants to this temple. In the year 1195 A.D., he instructed his officer Padmanbha Dandanayaka to visit the temple and make a gift to the deity. Accordingly,Padmanabha made a gift of the village Jambugave in Sholapur district to the temple. Two years later Jaitugi instructed his ministers Sovideva Dandanayaka and Mayideva Dandanayaka
to make tax-free grants to the same temple. However, Singhana II, the greatest ruler of the dynasty
patronised Sonnalige Kshetra most. An inscription of 1234 A.D.,records a gift of the village Mantravadi to the temple by Honnabommisetti, a minister. Seven other ministers Keshava Nayaka, Mankayya, Sri Rama and others also donated lands to. King Krishna instructed his minister to donate the village Dattagi. Two other ministers Kucharasa and Chattarasa were also the patrons of the temple. King Mahadeva was also a patron. At the instance of the king, minister Devaraja
Devaraja
"Devarāja" is a Sanskrit word which could have different meanings such as "god-king" or "king of the gods". In a Khmer context the term was used in the latter sense, but occurs only in the Sanskrit portion of the inscription K...

 made the gift of the village Sangur, making it free of all taxes.8 An inscription further states that Devaraja
Devaraja
"Devarāja" is a Sanskrit word which could have different meanings such as "god-king" or "king of the gods". In a Khmer context the term was used in the latter sense, but occurs only in the Sanskrit portion of the inscription K...

 visited Sonnalige kshetra and is said to have felt purified from all the sins at the very sight of the God Mallikarjuna
Mallikarjuna
Mallikarjuna was Shilahara ruler of north Konkan branch from 1155–1170 CE.Mallikarjuna, who succeeded Haripaladeva, was followed by Aparaditya I, but his relation to his predecessor is not known. Three inscriptions of his reign, dated in Shaka 1106, 1107, and 1108 have been discovered at Lonad,...

. The religious sentiments expressed in the Sangur inscription indicate the popularity of this kshetra.Another important point is the citing of Siddharama's vachanas in the inscriptions of the period. It is not known under what circumstances these vachanas came to be a part of the Sevuna inscriptions. It is possible that Siddharama's vachanas became very popular and obviously the composers of the inscriptions wanted to enhance the value of them by quoting the vachanas of Siddharama. It is also possible that Siddharama specially wrote these two vachanas as a preamble to gifts made to the temples so that nobody would have the moral courage to go against the purpose of the grant, as it had the
sanction of a great saint like Siddharama. Whatever might have been the real purpose of these vachanas, there is no doubt that they were important. Many Sevuna inscriptions contain the vachanas of Siddharama. These inscriptions belong to the kings Bhillama,Jaitugi, Singhana, Krishna and Mahadeva. They are found at Churgi (1190), Jaitugi (1194), Kudigi (1201),Gundakarajigi, Phadenkur (1256), Jettigi (1257), Kottagi(1264) and Yadihalli. This list is by no means exhaustive, but this is sufficient to show the impact of Siddharama as a Virasaiva vachanakara on the population of tnriched the value of the inscriptionshe period.Another highly interesting point is that one of the Sevuna inscriptions contains a Sanskrit rendering of a Kannada vachana of Siddharama. Thnriched the value of the inscriptionsis is found in Takali (Indi Taluk, Bijapur district). It belongs to the rule of Sevuna king Krishna but its date is lost. As it is highly interesting the relevant position of the inscription in given here.A town by name Hilli in Akkalkot
Akkalkot
Akkalkot |ಅಕ್ಕಲಕೋಟೆ is a city and a municipal council in Solapur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is situated 40 km southeast of Solapur and very close to the border between Maharashtra and Karnataka states...

was another well-known Virasaiva centre. There was a temple here dedicated to Kudala Sangamadeva which attracted pilgrims and devotees from Karnataka and other places.

Shivayogi Siddharama praises guru Channabasavanna in his vachana:

That blazing sun is enthroned
In the eight petalled Lotus Heart
The Moon is enthroned in the centre of that sun
Fire is seated in the centre of that moon
The glow is seated in the centre of that fire
Enlightenment dwells
In the centre of that glow
Enlightened soul resides in that enlightenment
Shiva the Supreme inhabits
The centre of that enlightened soul
Such a supreme Lord
Placed His hand on the head of my enlightened body
Forged it into a shape from the
Senses of the mind and feeling
And revealed it to my sight
And gave Linga to my palm
To the blessed feet of Channabasavanna
I bow again and again and thus
Will I live O Prabhu,
O Lord Kapilsiddha Mallikarjuna

Siddharama is at his best when he charges a quotidian event with far reaching significance as in :

A cock is crowing day in and day out
The multitudes of mortals are not aware of it.
Once they are aware,
No birth or bondage for them.
If they stay unaware
No end of their births and deaths,
O Kapilsiddhamallikarjuna.

Siddarama upholds family life in the following vachana.

Devotee falls in love with a woman
Joining her in marriage
Devotee falls in love with earth
Buys it and builds a house
Devotee falls in love with wealth
It makes him tired and it provides
Kapilasidda Mallikarjuna.

In this vachana, Siddarama says that the devotee should marry the person he loves and buy the land he loves for his house. If he falls in love with wealth, he will acquire it. However, although the wealth provides for his future, its quest will make him tired.

Siddarama,an accomplished sharana,explains the power of Guru in this vachana:

By applying the ointment
Named Shiva's knowledge
Removed the cataract named ignorance

Siddarama, an accomplished sharana, explains the power of Guru in this vachana:

By applying the ointment
Named Shiva's knowledge
Removed the cataract named ignorance
Gained knowledge of Shiva
Kapilasidda Mallinatha!

Siddarama says that his Guru, by applying the ointment named Shiva knowledge, removed his cataract named ignorance

Siddarama wrote vachanas with the name "Kapilasidda Mallikarjuna". There are 1,679 vachanas of his. In addition to vachanas, Siddarama wrote Sthotra Threevidhigalu with "Yoginatha" as his signature. Ragavanka wrote Siddarama Charitra, the history of Siddarama. Jayadevi-thai Ligade has written Siddarama Purana.
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