Siemiechów, Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Encyclopedia
Siemiechów ś is a village located in the low Carpathian mountains
of South-Eastern Poland
in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship
. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Gromnik
, 22 km (14 mi) south of Tarnów
, and 74 km (46 mi) east of the regional capital Kraków
.
, on their way to Tuchów
(22 kilometers North-East of Siemiechów) during the Tatar invasion of 1241, murdered 7 monks ("siedem mnichów") among other people and from this was the origin of the name "Siedmichów", later changed to "Siemiechów". The village was officially established on September 29, 1326 by King Władysław Łokietek "na surowym korzeniu" ("from fresh roots" or "from the ground up") under German law and equally began to form a parish on "dwoma łanami ziemi" ("2 łanow of land).
In the village is a wooden parish church and public school. The first mention of the existence of a parish was in 1349. The school was established before 1596. The sacred Gothic wooden church, "Matki Boskiej Gromnicznej" ("The Virgin Mary of Candles") was built before 1470. It was rebuilt in 1585 from contributions donated by 'Jan of Mstowa'. The church is of hand-made construction, contains one nave, and in a closed trilateral presbytery. Adjacent to it on the southern side is the Late Baroque brick chapel, square with rounded angles, the interior set with a flat ceiling, on the entrance is a gothic carpenter's portal in "oślimi grzbietami" (curved arch style), and was built in 1800. Inside the church, most of the furnishings came from the 15th to 17th century period, which includes: a statue of the 'Virgin Mary' from 1480, a stone font containing the coat of arms of Pilawa and Gierałt from the 15th century, a 15th century crucifix, two monumental bells from the 16th century built in the workshop of Szymon Haubicz in Brno
, and old fixtures and locks. The interior polychrome walls of the 16th/17th century, were painted by Łukasz Wadowski in 1643, and in 1726, the furnishings of the 16th - 18th centuries. The Church later underwent prime restoration from 1955 to 1956. From 1929 to 1953, a new brick parish church, "Ofiarowania Wszystkich Świętych i Wniebowstąpienia Pana Jezusa" ("Offering in the Temple and Ascension of Our Lord Jesus"), was constructed in the Neorenaissance style. In the war cemetery stands a brick chapel which was built in 1915. The parish belongs to the Tarnowski diocese and Tuchowski deanery. According to Jan Długosz (L. B., III, 216), the village of 'Szemychów' had a parish at an early time and belonged to the Abbey of Tyniec
(near Kraków
) by virtue of privilege of King Casimir III
in 1354, however, Spytek of Melsztyn
took away the monastery by force, shortly before the Battle of Worskła in 1398, in which he then died "...and fair justice was served for what was taken, that which belonged to somebody else...". Later, in his second reference (II, 276) Długosz quietly mentions that Siemiechów belongs to the Abbey of Tyniec.
In 1581, in 'Sziemichow' (Pawinśki, Małopolskie, 118) there was a 'sołtys' (village administrator) belonging to Siemiechów, who counted in the village: 1 wealthy farmer owning 25 'łanow' of land, 10 small farms without fields, 3 bailiffs who own cattle, 8 bailiffs without cattle, 4 craftsmen, and the village administrator who owns 1 'łana' of land.
The village boundaries are: to the West is Faściszowa, to the East is Gromnik, to the South is Brzozowa, and to the North along a large beech forest is Łubinka.
Located in the province of Krakowskie, district Biecki, according to records of the treasury from 1770 it was noted that the village of Siemiechów in the province and 3 'folwark' (granges), during that time, was owned by Ignacy Krasiński, and he paid an annual military tax of 1266 złp. / 17 gr., and a winter military tax of 458 złp. / 12 gr. Ignacy, the third son of Jan (castellan of Wizna, near Łomza), and Ewa Trojanowska, brother of Adam (a bishop), and Michał Hieronim Krasiński (great-grandfather of world famous Polish poet, Count Zygmunt Krasiński
). In 1769, he received governorship of Siemiechów, in the district of Biecz
, from his first wife, Maryanna Krasińska Jordanów (kancl. 40 f. 14). Due to the Office of Assessments court assessors, he resigned in 1788 (M. 301 f. 46). He became a bachelor (got divorced) from the order of St. Stanisław which he received in 1786. The heir of the Oblas of Radom
, he got married for the second time in 1774 to Agnieszka Potkańska, castellan of Radom, and had a daughter, Anna, whose first marriage was to Kazimierz Walicki, governor of Sochaczew
, and second marriage to Mikołaj of Oplów Bronikowski, general major in the royal military, in which he wrote his life testimony in 1795 (DW. 110 f. 1299 i 111 f. 826). Amelia, one daughter of Bronikowski, got married to Count Roman Załuski. During the period of the ruling Austrian government in 1772, the administration stole the entire estate from Kraśinski
and then forced him to buy it back from them in 1789 at a very high price.
Carpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe...
of South-Eastern Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Małopolska Voivodeship , or Lesser Poland Voivodeship, is a voivodeship, in southern Poland...
. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Gromnik
Gromnik, Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Gromnik is a village in Tarnów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Gromnik. It lies approximately south of Tarnów and east of the regional capital Kraków....
, 22 km (14 mi) south of Tarnów
Tarnów
Tarnów is a city in southeastern Poland with 115,341 inhabitants as of June 2009. The city has been situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999, but from 1975 to 1998 it was the capital of the Tarnów Voivodeship. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east-west connection...
, and 74 km (46 mi) east of the regional capital Kraków
Kraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
.
Location
Siemiechów, or Siemichów, a village in the Wielicki Highlands situated between the Wału (526 m) and the Suchy (370 meters) mountain ranges, in the district Tarnowski, by the stream Brzozowski (left tributary of the river Dunajec) and along the main road from Zakliczyn to Gromnik (by the river Biała, 5 klm.), its elevation is from 245 to 260 meters above sea level, consisting of its own villages and hamlets: Góry Wielkie, Góry Małe, Łęk, Moszczenice and Wiesiołka. Similarly, the area of greater property shares three segments: Siemiechów, Leśniczówkę and Dybówkę. The entire settlement (in 1890) numbers 247 homes (11 in the area of greater property) and 1595 residents (769 males, 826 females); 1547 Roman Catholics and 48 Jews. The area of greater property consists of 579 morgs of fields, 6 morgs of meadows, 14 morgs of pastures and 511 morgs of forest; the area of lesser property consists of 1687 morgs of fields, 132 morgs of meadows, 310 morgs of pastures and 307 morgs of forest. The village is in a beautiful location and there are many possibilities for excursion activities in the Siemiechów area, which is known for tourism and relaxation.History 1200–1800
The TatarsTatars
Tatars are a Turkic speaking ethnic group , numbering roughly 7 million.The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of around 5.5 million, about 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan.Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,...
, on their way to Tuchów
Tuchów
Tuchów is a town in Tarnów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with a population of 6,476 .- History :The history of Tuchów is very rich and interesting. The first historical note about Tuchów dates back to 1105...
(22 kilometers North-East of Siemiechów) during the Tatar invasion of 1241, murdered 7 monks ("siedem mnichów") among other people and from this was the origin of the name "Siedmichów", later changed to "Siemiechów". The village was officially established on September 29, 1326 by King Władysław Łokietek "na surowym korzeniu" ("from fresh roots" or "from the ground up") under German law and equally began to form a parish on "dwoma łanami ziemi" ("2 łanow of land).
In the village is a wooden parish church and public school. The first mention of the existence of a parish was in 1349. The school was established before 1596. The sacred Gothic wooden church, "Matki Boskiej Gromnicznej" ("The Virgin Mary of Candles") was built before 1470. It was rebuilt in 1585 from contributions donated by 'Jan of Mstowa'. The church is of hand-made construction, contains one nave, and in a closed trilateral presbytery. Adjacent to it on the southern side is the Late Baroque brick chapel, square with rounded angles, the interior set with a flat ceiling, on the entrance is a gothic carpenter's portal in "oślimi grzbietami" (curved arch style), and was built in 1800. Inside the church, most of the furnishings came from the 15th to 17th century period, which includes: a statue of the 'Virgin Mary' from 1480, a stone font containing the coat of arms of Pilawa and Gierałt from the 15th century, a 15th century crucifix, two monumental bells from the 16th century built in the workshop of Szymon Haubicz in Brno
Brno
Brno by population and area is the second largest city in the Czech Republic, the largest Moravian city, and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia. Brno is the administrative centre of the South Moravian Region where it forms a separate district Brno-City District...
, and old fixtures and locks. The interior polychrome walls of the 16th/17th century, were painted by Łukasz Wadowski in 1643, and in 1726, the furnishings of the 16th - 18th centuries. The Church later underwent prime restoration from 1955 to 1956. From 1929 to 1953, a new brick parish church, "Ofiarowania Wszystkich Świętych i Wniebowstąpienia Pana Jezusa" ("Offering in the Temple and Ascension of Our Lord Jesus"), was constructed in the Neorenaissance style. In the war cemetery stands a brick chapel which was built in 1915. The parish belongs to the Tarnowski diocese and Tuchowski deanery. According to Jan Długosz (L. B., III, 216), the village of 'Szemychów' had a parish at an early time and belonged to the Abbey of Tyniec
Tyniec
Tyniec is a historic village in Poland on the Vistula river, since 1973 a part of the city of Kraków . Tyniec is notable for its famous Benedictine abbey founded by king Casimir the Restorer in 1044.-See also:...
(near Kraków
Kraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
) by virtue of privilege of King Casimir III
Casimir III of Poland
Casimir III the Great , last King of Poland from the Piast dynasty , was the son of King Władysław I the Elbow-high and Hedwig of Kalisz.-Biography:...
in 1354, however, Spytek of Melsztyn
Spytek z Melsztyna (1322-1399)
Spytek of Melsztyn was a Polish nobleman .Spytek was owner of Melsztyn estates. He served as Court Marshal since 1373, voivode of Kraków Voivodeship since 1381, starosta of Biec since 1383 and Kraków since 1390....
took away the monastery by force, shortly before the Battle of Worskła in 1398, in which he then died "...and fair justice was served for what was taken, that which belonged to somebody else...". Later, in his second reference (II, 276) Długosz quietly mentions that Siemiechów belongs to the Abbey of Tyniec.
In 1581, in 'Sziemichow' (Pawinśki, Małopolskie, 118) there was a 'sołtys' (village administrator) belonging to Siemiechów, who counted in the village: 1 wealthy farmer owning 25 'łanow' of land, 10 small farms without fields, 3 bailiffs who own cattle, 8 bailiffs without cattle, 4 craftsmen, and the village administrator who owns 1 'łana' of land.
The village boundaries are: to the West is Faściszowa, to the East is Gromnik, to the South is Brzozowa, and to the North along a large beech forest is Łubinka.
Located in the province of Krakowskie, district Biecki, according to records of the treasury from 1770 it was noted that the village of Siemiechów in the province and 3 'folwark' (granges), during that time, was owned by Ignacy Krasiński, and he paid an annual military tax of 1266 złp. / 17 gr., and a winter military tax of 458 złp. / 12 gr. Ignacy, the third son of Jan (castellan of Wizna, near Łomza), and Ewa Trojanowska, brother of Adam (a bishop), and Michał Hieronim Krasiński (great-grandfather of world famous Polish poet, Count Zygmunt Krasiński
Zygmunt Krasinski
Count Napoleon Stanisław Adam Ludwig Zygmunt Krasiński , a Polish count, is traditionally ranked with Mickiewicz and Słowacki as one of Poland's Three National Bards — the trio of great Romantic poets who influenced national consciousness during the period of Poland's political bondage.-Life and...
). In 1769, he received governorship of Siemiechów, in the district of Biecz
Biecz
Biecz is a town and municipality in southeastern Poland, in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Gorlice County. It is in the Carpathian Mountains, in the Doły Jasielsko Sanockie, by the Ropa River...
, from his first wife, Maryanna Krasińska Jordanów (kancl. 40 f. 14). Due to the Office of Assessments court assessors, he resigned in 1788 (M. 301 f. 46). He became a bachelor (got divorced) from the order of St. Stanisław which he received in 1786. The heir of the Oblas of Radom
Radom
Radom is a city in central Poland with 223,397 inhabitants . It is located on the Mleczna River in the Masovian Voivodeship , having previously been the capital of Radom Voivodeship ; 100 km south of Poland's capital, Warsaw.It is home to the biennial Radom Air Show, the largest and...
, he got married for the second time in 1774 to Agnieszka Potkańska, castellan of Radom, and had a daughter, Anna, whose first marriage was to Kazimierz Walicki, governor of Sochaczew
Sochaczew
Sochaczew is a town in central Poland, with 38,300 inhabitants . Situated in the Masovian Voivodeship , previously in Skierniewice Voivodeship . It is the capital of Sochaczew County....
, and second marriage to Mikołaj of Oplów Bronikowski, general major in the royal military, in which he wrote his life testimony in 1795 (DW. 110 f. 1299 i 111 f. 826). Amelia, one daughter of Bronikowski, got married to Count Roman Załuski. During the period of the ruling Austrian government in 1772, the administration stole the entire estate from Kraśinski
Krasinski
Krasiński is a surname of Polish, or generally Slavic, origin....
and then forced him to buy it back from them in 1789 at a very high price.
Sources
- "Słownik Geograficzny Królestwo Polskiego i Innych Krajów Słowiańskich" by Filip Sulimierski, Page 543, Year 1890
- "Herbarz Polski" by Adam Boniecki, Pages 209 - 210, Year 1908
- "Rocznik Diecezji Tarnowskiej" by Nakładem Kurii Diecezjalnej w Tarnowie, Page 411, Year 1967
- "Województwo Tarnowski: Vademecum Turystyczne Tarnów" by Zygmunt Kruczek, Page 87, Year 1983
- "Zabytki: Urbanistyki i Architektury-Województwa Tarnowskiego" by Andrzej B. Krupiński, Page 54, Year 1989
- "Pogórze Karpackie: Wielickie, Rożnowskie i Ciężkowickie" by Andrzej Matuszczyk, Page 299, Year 1995
- History of Siemiechów Compiled by: Eugene J. Markow