Sino-American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction
Encyclopedia
Sino-American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction (JCRR)
Established in 1948.
After intensive lobbying by Y.C. James Yen, the American Congress included a provision in the China Aid Act of 1948 to fund an independent entity which would take advantage of Yen's experience in the Rural Reconstruction Movement
. The JCRR was led by five commissioners, three of whom were Chinese, appointed by the Chinese government, and two of whom were American, appointed by the American President. On the mainland, during the last days of the Chinese Civil War
the JCRR carried out a program of rent reduction, guarantee of tenure security, and formation of cooperatives, in addition to expansion of the agronomic and irrigation
programs. By one estimate, this was the largest non-Communist land reform
program in China before 1949.
But with the impending defeat of the Kuomintang
, the JCRR moved to Taiwan, where under the leadership of Chiang Monlin it supervised major land reform
, agricultural improvement, and education projects.
JCRR was combined to the Council of Agriculture
when the United States ended the official foreign relation with the Republic of China in 1979.
Established in 1948.
After intensive lobbying by Y.C. James Yen, the American Congress included a provision in the China Aid Act of 1948 to fund an independent entity which would take advantage of Yen's experience in the Rural Reconstruction Movement
Rural Reconstruction Movement
The Rural Reconstruction Movement was started in China in the 1920s by Y.C. James Yen, Liang Shuming and others to revive the Chinese village. They strove for a middle way, independent of the Nationalist government but in competition with the radical revolutionary approach to the village espoused...
. The JCRR was led by five commissioners, three of whom were Chinese, appointed by the Chinese government, and two of whom were American, appointed by the American President. On the mainland, during the last days of the Chinese Civil War
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of...
the JCRR carried out a program of rent reduction, guarantee of tenure security, and formation of cooperatives, in addition to expansion of the agronomic and irrigation
Irrigation
Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
programs. By one estimate, this was the largest non-Communist land reform
Land reform
[Image:Jakarta farmers protest23.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Farmers protesting for Land Reform in Indonesia]Land reform involves the changing of laws, regulations or customs regarding land ownership. Land reform may consist of a government-initiated or government-backed property redistribution,...
program in China before 1949.
But with the impending defeat of the Kuomintang
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...
, the JCRR moved to Taiwan, where under the leadership of Chiang Monlin it supervised major land reform
Land reform
[Image:Jakarta farmers protest23.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Farmers protesting for Land Reform in Indonesia]Land reform involves the changing of laws, regulations or customs regarding land ownership. Land reform may consist of a government-initiated or government-backed property redistribution,...
, agricultural improvement, and education projects.
JCRR was combined to the Council of Agriculture
Council of Agriculture
The Council of Agriculture is the official government body in the Republic of China charged with overseeing agricultural affairs. It is a child agency of the Executive Yuan and was formed in 1984 from the amalgamation of the Agriculture Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Council...
when the United States ended the official foreign relation with the Republic of China in 1979.