Sino-Korean
Encyclopedia
Sino-Korean or Hanja-eo (Korean
: 한자어, Hanja
: ) refers to the set of words in the Korean language
vocabulary that originated from or were influenced by hanja
. The Sino-Korean lexicon consists of both words loaned from Chinese and words coined in the Korean language using hanja
.
Sino-Korean words are one of the three main types of vocabulary in Korean. The other two are native Korean words and foreign words imported from other languages, mostly from English
.
Sino-Korean words today make up about 60% of the Korean vocabulary.
Some Sino-Korean words derive from Japanese kun'yomi words, that is, native Japanese words written in Chinese characters. When borrowed into Korean, the characters are given Sino-Korean pronunciations. (Note that in Japanese, these words are not considered to belong to the Sino-Japanese part of the vocabulary as they are native Japanese words.)
Korean language
Korean is the official language of the country Korea, in both South and North. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in People's Republic of China. There are about 78 million Korean speakers worldwide. In the 15th century, a national writing...
: 한자어, Hanja
Hanja
Hanja is the Korean name for the Chinese characters hanzi. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation...
: ) refers to the set of words in the Korean language
Korean language
Korean is the official language of the country Korea, in both South and North. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in People's Republic of China. There are about 78 million Korean speakers worldwide. In the 15th century, a national writing...
vocabulary that originated from or were influenced by hanja
Hanja
Hanja is the Korean name for the Chinese characters hanzi. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation...
. The Sino-Korean lexicon consists of both words loaned from Chinese and words coined in the Korean language using hanja
Hanja
Hanja is the Korean name for the Chinese characters hanzi. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation...
.
Sino-Korean words are one of the three main types of vocabulary in Korean. The other two are native Korean words and foreign words imported from other languages, mostly from English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
.
Sino-Korean words today make up about 60% of the Korean vocabulary.
Origins
Sino-Korean words are derived from literary Chinese as well as some from Sino-Japanese.| English | Korean in hangul Hangul Hangul,Pronounced or ; Korean: 한글 Hangeul/Han'gŭl or 조선글 Chosŏn'gŭl/Joseongeul the Korean alphabet, is the native alphabet of the Korean language. It is a separate script from Hanja, the logographic Chinese characters which are also sometimes used to write Korean... | Korean in hanja | Japanese (Shinjitai Shinjitai Shinjitai are the forms of kanji used in Japan since the promulgation of the Tōyō Kanji List in 1946. Some of the new forms found in shinjitai are also found in simplified Chinese, but shinjitai is generally not as extensive in the scope of its modification... /Kyūjitai Kyujitai Kyūjitai, literally "old character forms" , are the traditional forms of kanji, Chinese written characters used in Japanese. Their simplified counterparts are shinjitai, "new character forms". Some of the simplified characters arose centuries ago and were in everyday use in both China and Japan,... ) | Chinese (Traditional/Simplified) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weather | 일기 (ilgi) | |||
| Automobile | 자동차 (jadongcha) | |||
| President | 대통령 (daetongnyeong) | |||
| Letter | 편지 (pyeonji) | |||
| Tissue | 휴지 (hyuji) | |||
| Gift | 선물 (seonmul) | |||
| Newspaper | 신문 (sinmun) | |||
| Tab / bill (in a restaurant or bar) | 외상 (oesang) | |||
| Dining table | 식탁 (siktak) | |||
| Check / cheque | 수표 (supyo) | |||
| Name card, business card | 명함 (myeongham) | |||
| Doctor | 의사 ((eu)isa) | |||
| Maid | 식모 (sikmo) / 하녀 (hanyeo) | |||
| Prohibit, cancel | 휴지 (hyuji)/해지 (haeji)/취소 (choi-so) | |||
| Study | 공부 (gongbu) | |||
| Airport | 공항 (gonghang) | |||
| Airplane | 비행기 (bihaenggi) | |||
| Prisoner | 수인 (suin) | |||
| ICBM | 대륙간탄도미사일 (daeryukgan-tando-misail) |
大陸間弾道ミサイル/ミサイル | ||
| Computer | 전산기 (jeonsangi) (←Rarely used) |
|||
| Introduction | 소개 (sogae) | |||
| Case, Situation | 경우 (gyeong'u) | |||
| (One's) Whereabouts | 행방 (haengbang) | |||
| Foreign currency | 외환 (oehwan) | |||
| Currency exchange | 환전 (hwanjeon) | |||
| Promise | 약속 (yaksok)/언약 (eonyak) | |||
| Bomber (aircraft) | 폭격기 (pokgyeokki) | |||
| Company, firm | 회사 (hoesa) | / | ||
| faction | 파벌 (pabeol) | / | ||
| Sunday | 일요일 (Ilyoil) | / | ||
| Monday | 월요일 (Wolyoil) | / | ||
| Tuesday | 화요일 (Hwayoil) | / | ||
| Wednesday | 수요일 (Sooyoil) | / | ||
| Thursday | 목요일 (Mokyoil) | / | ||
| Friday | 금요일 (Geumyoil) | / | ||
| Saturday | 토요일 (Toyoil) | / | ||
| The person in charge (of) | 담당자 (damdangja) | |||
| Movie, film, cinema | 영화 (yeonghwa) | |||
| Support(computer term) | 지원 (jiweon) | |||
| Drive | 운전 (unjeon) | / |
Some Sino-Korean words derive from Japanese kun'yomi words, that is, native Japanese words written in Chinese characters. When borrowed into Korean, the characters are given Sino-Korean pronunciations. (Note that in Japanese, these words are not considered to belong to the Sino-Japanese part of the vocabulary as they are native Japanese words.)
| English | Japanese Japanese language is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is a member of the Japonic language family, which has a number of proposed relationships with other languages, none of which has gained wide acceptance among historical linguists .Japanese is an... |
Korean (in hanja) |
Korean (in hangul Hangul Hangul,Pronounced or ; Korean: 한글 Hangeul/Han'gŭl or 조선글 Chosŏn'gŭl/Joseongeul the Korean alphabet, is the native alphabet of the Korean language. It is a separate script from Hanja, the logographic Chinese characters which are also sometimes used to write Korean... ) |
Chinese term (Cantonese Jyutping Jyutping Jyutping is a romanization system for Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong in 1993. Its formal name is The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme... / Mandarin Pinyin Pinyin Pinyin is the official system to transcribe Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet in China, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. It is also often used to teach Mandarin Chinese and spell Chinese names in foreign publications and used as an input method to enter Chinese characters into... ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| assemble | 조립 | |||
| kumi-tate | jo.rip | zou2hap6 / zǔhé | ||
| building | 건물 | |||
| tate-mono | geon.mul | gin3zuk1mat6 / jiànzhùwù,lau4jyu5 / lóuyǔ | ||
| estimate | 견적 | |||
| mi-tsumori | gyeon.jeok | gu2gai3 / gūjì | ||
| share of stock | 주식 | |||
| kabu-shiki | ju.sik | gu2fan6 / gǔfèn | ||
| match | 시합 | |||
| shi-ai | si.hap | bei2coi3 / bǐsài | ||
See also
- Sino-Japanese Vocabulary
- List of Korea-related topics
- Thousand Character ClassicThousand Character ClassicThe Thousand Character Classic is a Chinese poem used as a primer for teaching Chinese characters to children. It contains exactly one thousand unique characters. It is said that Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty commissioned 周興嗣 to compose this poem for his prince to practice calligraphy...
- HanjaHanjaHanja is the Korean name for the Chinese characters hanzi. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation...
- Korean mixed scriptKorean mixed scriptKorean mixed script is a form of writing that uses both Hangul and hanja .The script has never been used for languages other than Korean. In North Korea, writing in mixed script was replaced by writing only in Hangul in the middle of the 20th century and has not been used since...
- SinoxenicSinoxenicSino-Xenic refers to the pronunciations given to Chinese characters in Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese – none of which have accepted genetic relatedness to Sinitic languages – in the Sino-Japanese, Sino-Korean, and Sino-Vietnamese vocabularies...