Sleman Regency
Encyclopedia
Sleman is a regency located on the northern border of the Yogyakarta Special Region province, Indonesia
. It has an area of 574.82 km² (221.9 sq mi) and a population of 901,400. Its capital is the town of Sleman
. The current regent
is Sri Purnomo.
Sailendra
dynasty controlled Sleman, building numerous temples such as Kalasan
. The palace itself was at Ratu Boko
.
After the fall of the Sailendra dynasty, the Mataram Kingdom
ruled over Sleman, taking control of Ratu Boko palace and eventually commingling with the remnants of the Sailendra dynasty.
The Sanjaya
dynasty, which replaced the Mataram kingdom, later ruled over Sleman and is believed to have built Prambanan
850 CE.
In 2010, numerous eruptions of Mount Merapi
and the cold lahar
floods afterwards killed 353 people and caused over Rp. 5.5 trillion (USD 610 million) in damages.
. It is bordered by Central Java
to the north and east, Kulon Progo
, Bantul
, and Yogyakarta to the south, as well as Gunung Kidul
to the south-east.
Mount Merapi
is located on the northeastern border of the regency.
. The regency features a lengthy wet season
generally running from October until June and a short dry season
that only covers the months of July, August and September. The Regency averages roughly 2200 mm of precipitation annually. Sleman experiences particularly heavy rainfall from November through April. Temperatures remain relatively constant throughout the course of the year, with average high temperatures at around 30 degrees Celsius and average lows at around 22 degrees Celsius.
There is slight variation within Sleman. The northern areas, near Mount Merapi, are much cooler due to the higher altitude. The southern area has nearly the same climate as Yogyakarta, due to their proximity.
is thick, with a favourable moisture capacity level. As such, rice
yields are considerably high.
The area is also well known for its production of salak pondoh
, which is also its official plant.
, Atma Jaya University
, Islamic University of Indonesia
, Yogyakarta State University and Sunan Kalijaga Islamic University
.
within its boundaries, and along with the rest of the Special Region of Yogyakarta is serviced by it.
There are numerous hotels in Sleman, ranging from small homestay
s and inn
s to multi-star hotel
s. The higher-end, multi-star hotels are located mainly near the road between Yogyakarta and Surakarta, with homestays and inns scattered throughout the regency.
Sleman is home to numerous museums, including:
Sleman is also home to numerous temples, including Prambanan
, Sari
, Kalasan
, and Ijo. As well as temples, there are ruins of an ancient palace, namely Ratu Boko
. These temples and ruins, thought to be remnants of the Buddhist Sailendra
dynasty and the Hindu Mataram kingdom
, are all open to the public. However, Prambanan is the most popular for tourism, drawing thousands of local and foreign tourists each year.
Due in part to the scenic view at the foot of Mount Merapi, ecotourism
has become common in Sleman. One of the most common destinations is Kaliurang
, a resort town located in the Pakem district.
After the 2010 eruptions of Mount Merapi, the areas affected have become disaster tourist
attractions. Tourists come from around Indonesia to see the disaster area, either for leisure, to pay their respects, or reflection.
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. It has an area of 574.82 km² (221.9 sq mi) and a population of 901,400. Its capital is the town of Sleman
Sleman
Sleman is a town in Sleman Regency, Indonesia. It is on the road between Yogyakarta and Magelang. It is in the regency that is home to Mount Merapi, which started its most recent eruption in late October and early November 2010, killing hundreds, including Maridjan, the spiritual keeper of the...
. The current regent
Regent
A regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
is Sri Purnomo.
Pre-Incorporation
During the 8th century, the BuddhistBuddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
Sailendra
Sailendra
Sailendra is the name of an influential Indonesian dynasty that emerged in 8th century Java.The Sailendras were active promoters of Mahayana Buddhism and covered the Kedu Plain of Central Java with Buddhist monuments, including the world famous Borobudur.The Sailendras are considered to be a...
dynasty controlled Sleman, building numerous temples such as Kalasan
Candi Kalasan
Kalasan , also known as Candi Kalibening, is an 8th century Buddhist temple in Indonesia. It is located 13 km east of Yogyakarta on the way to Prambanan temple, on the south side of the main road 'Jalan Solo' between Yogyakarta and Surakarta....
. The palace itself was at Ratu Boko
Ratu Boko
Ratu Boko is an archaeological site known to modern Javanese as Kraton Ratu Boko or Ratu Boko's Palace. Ratu Boko is located on a plateau, about three kilometres south of Lara Jonggrang Prambanan temple complex in Yogyakarta Indonesia...
.
After the fall of the Sailendra dynasty, the Mataram Kingdom
Mataram Kingdom
The Medang or Mataram Kingdom was a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that flourished between the 8th and 10th centuries CE. It was based in Central Java, and later in East Java. Established by King Sanjaya, the founder of the Sanjaya dynasty, the kingdom was ruled by the Sailendra and Sanjaya families...
ruled over Sleman, taking control of Ratu Boko palace and eventually commingling with the remnants of the Sailendra dynasty.
The Sanjaya
Sanjaya
Sanjaya is a character from the ancient Indian epic Mahābhārata.In Mahabharata, a story of war between the Pandavas and the Kauravas, the blind king Dhritarashtra is the father of the principals of the Kaurava side. Sanjaya is Dhritarashtra's advisor and also his charioteer...
dynasty, which replaced the Mataram kingdom, later ruled over Sleman and is believed to have built Prambanan
Prambanan
Prambanan is a ninth century Hindu temple compound in Central Java, Indonesia, dedicated to the Trimurti, the expression of God as the Creator , the Sustainer and the Destroyer...
850 CE.
Post-Incorporation
Sleman was incorporated on 8 August 1950 with the passing of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 15 1950 about the Creation of Regencies within the Special Region of Yogyakarta.In 2010, numerous eruptions of Mount Merapi
2010 eruptions of Mount Merapi
The 2010 eruptions of Mount Merapi began in late October 2010 when Mount Merapi in Central Java, Indonesia began an increasingly violent series of eruptions that continued into November. Seismic activity around the volcano increased from mid-September onwards, culminating in repeated outbursts lava...
and the cold lahar
Lahar
A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley. The term is a shortened version of "berlahar" which originated in the Javanese language of...
floods afterwards killed 353 people and caused over Rp. 5.5 trillion (USD 610 million) in damages.
Geography
Sleman is located on the northwest border of Yogyakarta Special Region, between the city of Yogyakarta and the Magelang RegencyMagelang Regency
Magelang is a regency in Central Java province in Indonesia. Its capital is Mungkid. Its motto is Magelang Gemilang ....
. It is bordered by Central Java
Central Java
Central Java is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of six provinces on the island of Java.This province is the province of high Human Development in Indonesia and its Points Development Index countries is equivalent to Lebanon. The province of Central Java...
to the north and east, Kulon Progo
Kulon Progo Regency
Kulon Progo Regency is one of the four regencies of the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. The name stems from the fact that it is located at the west of Progo River. The capital is Wates. The biggest part of population in Kulon Progo works as farmers. Kulon Progo is surrounded by Menoreh...
, Bantul
Bantul Regency
Bantul is the name of a regency and a town located in the province of Yogyakarta , Indonesia. The regency's population is approximately 800,000. Like many regions on the island of Java, it is densely populated with roughly 1,600 people per square kilometer...
, and Yogyakarta to the south, as well as Gunung Kidul
Gunung Kidul Regency
Gunung Kidul or Kidul Mountain is the name of a regency—a well known cultural region—and the town located in the province of Yogyakarta , Indonesia. Like many regions on the island of Java, it is densely populated with roughly 1,600 people per square kilometer...
to the south-east.
Mount Merapi
Mount Merapi
Mount Merapi, Gunung Merapi , is an active stratovolcano located on the border between Central Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548...
is located on the northeastern border of the regency.
Climate
Sleman features a tropical monsoon climateTropical monsoon climate
Tropical monsoon climate, occasionally also known as a tropical wet climate or tropical monsoon and trade-wind littoral climate in climate classification, is a relatively rare type of climate that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification category "Am."Tropical monsoon climates have monthly...
. The regency features a lengthy wet season
Wet season
The the wet season, or rainy season, is the time of year, covering one or more months, when most of the average annual rainfall in a region occurs. The term green season is also sometimes used as a euphemism by tourist authorities. Areas with wet seasons are dispersed across portions of the...
generally running from October until June and a short dry season
Dry season
The dry season is a term commonly used when describing the weather in the tropics. The weather in the tropics is dominated by the tropical rain belt, which oscillates from the northern to the southern tropics over the course of the year...
that only covers the months of July, August and September. The Regency averages roughly 2200 mm of precipitation annually. Sleman experiences particularly heavy rainfall from November through April. Temperatures remain relatively constant throughout the course of the year, with average high temperatures at around 30 degrees Celsius and average lows at around 22 degrees Celsius.
There is slight variation within Sleman. The northern areas, near Mount Merapi, are much cooler due to the higher altitude. The southern area has nearly the same climate as Yogyakarta, due to their proximity.
Economy
Sleman is heavily agrarian. However, due to the expansion of Yogyakarta there are some areas that have been urbanized, with malls, hotels, and supermarkets being built. Tourism is also being developed to take advantage of the numerous temples found in Sleman, as well as Mount Merapi.Agriculture
Due to ashfall from Mount Merapi and easy irrigation, the land in Sleman is very fertile. The soilSoil
Soil is a natural body consisting of layers of mineral constituents of variable thicknesses, which differ from the parent materials in their morphological, physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics...
is thick, with a favourable moisture capacity level. As such, rice
Rice
Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa or Oryza glaberrima . As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the West Indies...
yields are considerably high.
The area is also well known for its production of salak pondoh
Salak
Salak is a species of palm tree native to Indonesia. It is a very short-stemmed palm, with leaves up to long; each leaf has a 2-metre long petiole with spines up to long, and numerous leaflets....
, which is also its official plant.
Education
There are 29 universities that have campuses in Sleman, including Sanata Dharma University, Gadjah Mada UniversityGadjah Mada University
The Gadjah Mada University is the largest and the oldest national university in Indonesia . founded on December 19, 1949; although the first lecture was given on 13 March 1946. The name was taken from the name of Majapahit's Prime Minister, Gajah Mada.UGM is located in Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa...
, Atma Jaya University
Atma Jaya University, Yogyakarta
Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta is a university in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which was affiliated with the Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya in Jakarta. It was established on 27 September 1965 by the Yogyakarta branch of the Atma Jaya Catholic University Institute of Indonesia. The founders of...
, Islamic University of Indonesia
Islamic University of Indonesia
The Islamic University of Indonesia is a private university located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It was established in 27 Rajab 1364 or in 8 July 1945 as STI by some leading political figures of the day including Dr...
, Yogyakarta State University and Sunan Kalijaga Islamic University
Sunan Kalijaga Islamic University
The Sunan Kalijaga Islamic University is an Indonesian university that offers study programs in the field of Islamic science. Currently the university offers programs in Adab, Da'wah, Sharia, Tarbiya, Ushuluddin, science and technology and social science and humanities.-History:The desire to...
.
Tourism
Sleman includes the Adisucipto International AirportAdisucipto International Airport
Adisucipto International Airport is the principal airport serving the Yogyakarta area on the island of Java, Indonesia....
within its boundaries, and along with the rest of the Special Region of Yogyakarta is serviced by it.
There are numerous hotels in Sleman, ranging from small homestay
Homestay
Homestay is a form of tourism and/or study abroad program that allows the visitor to rent a room from a local family to better learn the local lifestyle as well as improve their language ability. While homestays can occur in any destination worldwide, some countries do more to encourage homestay...
s and inn
INN
InterNetNews is a Usenet news server package, originally released by Rich Salz in 1991, and presented at the Summer 1992 USENIX conference in San Antonio, Texas...
s to multi-star hotel
Hotel
A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suite bathrooms...
s. The higher-end, multi-star hotels are located mainly near the road between Yogyakarta and Surakarta, with homestays and inns scattered throughout the regency.
Sleman is home to numerous museums, including:
- Monumen Jogja Kembali (Monument to the Recapture of Yogyakarta), known colloquially as Monjali), which is dedicated to the Indonesian National RevolutionIndonesian National RevolutionThe Indonesian National Revolution or Indonesian War of Independence was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between Indonesia and the Dutch Empire, and an internal social revolution...
and located in the Ngaglik sub-district. - Affandi Museum, located in Depok sub-district, which if is the former home of and hosts many works of famous Indonesian painter AffandiAffandiAffandi was born in Cirebon, West Java, as the son of R. Koesoema, who was a surveyor at a local sugar factory. Affandi finished his upper secondary school in Jakarta, but he forsook his study for the desire to become an artist. Affandi taught himself how to paint since 1934...
. - Merapi Museum, which hosts exhibits pertaining to volcanologyVolcanologyVolcanology is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma, and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena. The term volcanology is derived from the Latin word vulcan. Vulcan was the ancient Roman god of fire....
as a whole and Merapi in particular and is located within Pakem sub-district. - Museum Dirgantara Mandala, located within the Indonesian Air ForceIndonesian Air ForceThe Indonesian Air Force is the air force branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces.The Indonesian Air Force has 34,930 personnel equipped with 110 combat aircraft including Su-27 and Su-30.-Before Indonesian independence :...
base near the airport. Exhibits include the history of the Indonesian Air Force as well as numerous planes, rockets, helicopters, and other military equipment.
Prambanan
Prambanan is a ninth century Hindu temple compound in Central Java, Indonesia, dedicated to the Trimurti, the expression of God as the Creator , the Sustainer and the Destroyer...
, Sari
Candi Sari
Sari , is an 8th century Buddhist temple located at Dusun Bendan, Tirtomartani village, Kalasan, Sleman regency, Yogyakarta.It is located about 130 meters north east from Kalasan temple. This temple was a two story building with wooden beams, floors, stairs completed with windows and doors; all...
, Kalasan
Candi Kalasan
Kalasan , also known as Candi Kalibening, is an 8th century Buddhist temple in Indonesia. It is located 13 km east of Yogyakarta on the way to Prambanan temple, on the south side of the main road 'Jalan Solo' between Yogyakarta and Surakarta....
, and Ijo. As well as temples, there are ruins of an ancient palace, namely Ratu Boko
Ratu Boko
Ratu Boko is an archaeological site known to modern Javanese as Kraton Ratu Boko or Ratu Boko's Palace. Ratu Boko is located on a plateau, about three kilometres south of Lara Jonggrang Prambanan temple complex in Yogyakarta Indonesia...
. These temples and ruins, thought to be remnants of the Buddhist Sailendra
Sailendra
Sailendra is the name of an influential Indonesian dynasty that emerged in 8th century Java.The Sailendras were active promoters of Mahayana Buddhism and covered the Kedu Plain of Central Java with Buddhist monuments, including the world famous Borobudur.The Sailendras are considered to be a...
dynasty and the Hindu Mataram kingdom
Mataram Kingdom
The Medang or Mataram Kingdom was a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that flourished between the 8th and 10th centuries CE. It was based in Central Java, and later in East Java. Established by King Sanjaya, the founder of the Sanjaya dynasty, the kingdom was ruled by the Sailendra and Sanjaya families...
, are all open to the public. However, Prambanan is the most popular for tourism, drawing thousands of local and foreign tourists each year.
Due in part to the scenic view at the foot of Mount Merapi, ecotourism
Ecotourism
Ecotourism is a form of tourism visiting fragile, pristine, and usually protected areas, intended as a low impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial tourism...
has become common in Sleman. One of the most common destinations is Kaliurang
Kaliurang
Kaliurang is a small town located about north of the city of Yogyakarta on the southern slopes of Mount Merapi volcano in central Java in Indonesia....
, a resort town located in the Pakem district.
After the 2010 eruptions of Mount Merapi, the areas affected have become disaster tourist
Disaster tourism
Disaster tourism is the act of traveling to a disaster area as a matter of curiosity. The behavior can be a nuisance if it hinders rescue, relief, and recovery operations.If not done because of pure curiosity, it can be cataloged as disaster learning....
attractions. Tourists come from around Indonesia to see the disaster area, either for leisure, to pay their respects, or reflection.