Small joint manipulation
Encyclopedia
Small joint manipulation, in grappling
, refers to twisting, pulling or bending finger
s or toes to cause joint lock
s in the various joint
s in those appendage
s. Joint locks on fingers and toes are respectively referred to as finger locks and toe locks.
age needed for such joint manipulation is comparatively small, since grabbing a finger or two with one or both hands creates a distinct advantage. Joint manipulation can allow a weaker person with the right training to control a stronger one. Grabbing all the fingers may lead to the opponent being able to pull it free, while grabbing three or fewer reduces the leverage advantage considerably, and hence it is sometimes advised to grab one finger for maximum effect.
Small joint manipulation is an illegal technique in most combat sports that feature joint locking
such as Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
, judo
, mixed martial arts
and Sambo
, since unlike standard joint locks, there is less of an opportunity to "tap out" or submit before the small joint breaks. It is however sometimes taught as a self-defense
and pain compliance technique, for instance in Hapkido
, Chin Na
, Kenpo
, jujutsu
, Krav Maga
, Vale Tudo
and especially in 'Small Circle JuJitsu
'. It is also an important part of koppo-techniques, e.g. in ninjutsu
.
Grappling
Grappling refers to techniques, maneuvers, and counters applied to an opponent in order to gain a physical advantage, such as improving relative position, escaping, submitting, or injury to the opponent. Grappling is a general term that covers techniques used in many disciplines, styles and martial...
, refers to twisting, pulling or bending finger
Finger
A finger is a limb of the human body and a type of digit, an organ of manipulation and sensation found in the hands of humans and other primates....
s or toes to cause joint lock
Joint lock
A Joint lock is a grappling technique involving manipulation of an opponent's joints in such a way that the joints reach their maximal degree of motion....
s in the various joint
Joint
A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact. They are constructed to allow movement and provide mechanical support, and are classified structurally and functionally.-Classification:...
s in those appendage
Appendage
In invertebrate biology, an appendage is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body . It is a general term that covers any of the homologous body parts that may extend from a body segment...
s. Joint locks on fingers and toes are respectively referred to as finger locks and toe locks.
Technique
The leverLever
In physics, a lever is a rigid object that is used with an appropriate fulcrum or pivot point to either multiply the mechanical force that can be applied to another object or resistance force , or multiply the distance and speed at which the opposite end of the rigid object travels.This leverage...
age needed for such joint manipulation is comparatively small, since grabbing a finger or two with one or both hands creates a distinct advantage. Joint manipulation can allow a weaker person with the right training to control a stronger one. Grabbing all the fingers may lead to the opponent being able to pull it free, while grabbing three or fewer reduces the leverage advantage considerably, and hence it is sometimes advised to grab one finger for maximum effect.
Small joint manipulation is an illegal technique in most combat sports that feature joint locking
Joint lock
A Joint lock is a grappling technique involving manipulation of an opponent's joints in such a way that the joints reach their maximal degree of motion....
such as Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu is a martial art, combat sport, and a self defense system that focuses on grappling and especially ground fighting...
, judo
Judo
is a modern martial art and combat sport created in Japan in 1882 by Jigoro Kano. Its most prominent feature is its competitive element, where the object is to either throw or takedown one's opponent to the ground, immobilize or otherwise subdue one's opponent with a grappling maneuver, or force an...
, mixed martial arts
Mixed martial arts
Mixed Martial Arts is a full contact combat sport that allows the use of both striking and grappling techniques, both standing and on the ground, including boxing, wrestling, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, muay Thai, kickboxing, karate, judo and other styles. The roots of modern mixed martial arts can be...
and Sambo
Sambo (martial art)
Sambo is a Russian martial art and combat sport. The word "SAMBO" is an acronym for SAMooborona Bez Oruzhiya, which literally translates as "self-defense without weapons". Sambo is relatively modern since its development began in the early 1920s by the Soviet Red Army to improve their hand to hand...
, since unlike standard joint locks, there is less of an opportunity to "tap out" or submit before the small joint breaks. It is however sometimes taught as a self-defense
Self-defense
Self-defense, self-defence or private defense is a countermeasure that involves defending oneself, one's property or the well-being of another from physical harm. The use of the right of self-defense as a legal justification for the use of force in times of danger is available in many...
and pain compliance technique, for instance in Hapkido
Hapkido
Hapkido is a dynamic and also eclectic Korean martial art. It is a form of self-defense that employs joint locks, techniques of other martial arts, as well as kicks, punches, and other striking attacks...
, Chin Na
Chin Na
Chin Na or Qinna is a Chinese term describing techniques used in the Chinese martial arts that control or lock an opponent's joints or muscles/tendons so he cannot move, thus neutralizing the opponent's fighting ability...
, Kenpo
Kenpo
is the name of several Japanese martial arts. The word kenpō is a Japanese translation of the Chinese word "quánfǎ. This term is often informally transliterated as "kempo", as a result of applying Traditional Hepburn romanization, but failing to use a macron to indicate the long vowel...
, jujutsu
Jujutsu
Jujutsu , also known as jujitsu, ju-jitsu, or Japanese jiu-jitsu, is a Japanese martial art and a method of close combat for defeating an armed and armored opponent in which one uses no weapon, or only a short weapon....
, Krav Maga
Krav Maga
Krav Maga is a noncompetitive eclectic self-defense system developed in Europe that involves striking techniques, wrestling and grappling. Krav Maga is known for its focus on real-world situations and extremely efficient, brutal counter-attacks...
, Vale Tudo
Vale tudo
Vale tudo are full-contact unarmed combat events, with a limited number of rules, that became popular in Brazil during the 20th century. Vale tudo has been considered a combat sport by some observers...
and especially in 'Small Circle JuJitsu
Small Circle JuJitsu
Small Circle JuJitsu is a style of jujutsu developed by Wally Jay that focuses on smooth transitions.- History :Jay primarily studied Danzan-ryū jujutsu under Seishiro Okazaki in Hawaii. He was awarded a Certificate of Mastery from Okazaki on 1948-02-22. Previously he had studied boxing, judo and...
'. It is also an important part of koppo-techniques, e.g. in ninjutsu
Ninjutsu
or may be:*the arts associated with espionage and assassination in feudal Japan, see Ninja*modern schools of martial arts claiming to be based in these traditions, see Modern Schools of Ninjutsu*fictional depictions, see Ninja in popular culture...
.