Smoke exhaust ductwork
Encyclopedia
Smoke Exhaust Ductwork is typically protected via passive fire protection
means, subject to fire test
ing and listing and approval use and compliance. It is used to remove smoke
from building
s, ship
s or offshore structures to enable emergency evacuation
as well as improved firefighting.
, smoke exhaust can be made of
The primary difference between pressurisation and smoke exhaust ducting is that one pressurises and area, while the other reduces the pressure through exhausting smoke.
Some smoke exhaust ductwork requires no fireproofing if the smoke is not expected to be at elevated temperature.
s are in land-based use in most industrialised nations of the world. In North America
, the primary use is used to comply with building code
s. Grease duct
ing is closely related and highly regulated in North America as well, except that the purpose is different, being the exhaust of grease laden vapours from commercial cooking operations, as opposed to smoke exhaust from accidental building fires.
ing must include 3-dimensional exposures to ductwork as well as the firestop
system. Installations must meet the listing.
and plaster
fireproofing
boards
Passive fire protection
Passive fire protection is an integral component of the three components of structural fire protection and fire safety in a building. PFP attempts to contain fires or slow the spread, through use of fire-resistant walls, floors, and doors...
means, subject to fire test
Fire test
A fire test is a means of determining whether or not fire protection products meet minimum performance criteria as set out in a building code or other applicable legislation. Successful tests in laboratories holding national accreditation for testing and certification result in the issuance of a...
ing and listing and approval use and compliance. It is used to remove smoke
Smoke
Smoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of air that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass. It is commonly an unwanted by-product of fires , but may also be used for pest...
from building
Building
In architecture, construction, engineering, real estate development and technology the word building may refer to one of the following:...
s, ship
Ship
Since the end of the age of sail a ship has been any large buoyant marine vessel. Ships are generally distinguished from boats based on size and cargo or passenger capacity. Ships are used on lakes, seas, and rivers for a variety of activities, such as the transport of people or goods, fishing,...
s or offshore structures to enable emergency evacuation
Emergency evacuation
Emergency evacuation is the immediate and rapid movement of people away from the threat or actual occurrence of a hazard. Examples range from the small scale evacuation of a building due to a bomb threat or fire to the large scale evacuation of a district because of a flood, bombardment or...
as well as improved firefighting.
Means of construction
Similar to pressurisation ductworkPressurisation ductwork
Pressurisation ductwork is a passive fire protection system. It is used to supply a steady stream of fresh air to any area of refuge or designated emergency evacuation or egress route.-Purpose:...
, smoke exhaust can be made of
- 1. ordinary sheet metal and then receive external fireproofingFireproofingFireproofing, a passive fire protection measure, refers to the act of making materials or structures more resistant to fire, or to those materials themselves, or the act of applying such materials. Applying a certification listed fireproofing system to certain structures allows these to have a...
treatment, or - 2. a proprietary duct that is inherently fire-resistantFire-resistance ratingA fire-resistance rating typically means the duration for which a passive fire protection system can withstand a standard fire resistance test. This can be quantified simply as a measure of time, or it may entail a host of other criteria, involving other evidence of functionality or fitness for...
, or - 3. one may make the duct out of suitably stiff fireproofing materials, such as calcium silicateCalcium silicateCalcium silicate is the chemical compound Ca2SiO4, also known as calcium orthosilicate and sometimes formulated 2CaO.SiO2. It is one of group of compounds obtained by reacting calcium oxide and silica in various ratios e.g. 3CaO.SiO2, Ca3SiO5; 2CaO.SiO2, Ca2SiO4; 3CaO.2SiO2, Ca3Si2O7 and...
.
The primary difference between pressurisation and smoke exhaust ducting is that one pressurises and area, while the other reduces the pressure through exhausting smoke.
Some smoke exhaust ductwork requires no fireproofing if the smoke is not expected to be at elevated temperature.
Markets
Smoke exhaust ducting systemSystem
System is a set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole....
s are in land-based use in most industrialised nations of the world. In North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
, the primary use is used to comply with building code
Building code
A building code, or building control, is a set of rules that specify the minimum acceptable level of safety for constructed objects such as buildings and nonbuilding structures. The main purpose of building codes are to protect public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to the...
s. Grease duct
Grease duct
A grease duct is a duct that is specifically designed to vent grease-laden vapors from commercial cooking equipment such as stoves, pizza ovens, deep fryers and woks to the outside of a building or mobile food preparation trailer. Grease ducts are regulated both in terms of their construction and...
ing is closely related and highly regulated in North America as well, except that the purpose is different, being the exhaust of grease laden vapours from commercial cooking operations, as opposed to smoke exhaust from accidental building fires.
Requirements
Full scale fire testFire test
A fire test is a means of determining whether or not fire protection products meet minimum performance criteria as set out in a building code or other applicable legislation. Successful tests in laboratories holding national accreditation for testing and certification result in the issuance of a...
ing must include 3-dimensional exposures to ductwork as well as the firestop
Firestop
A firestop is a passive fire protection system of various components used to seal openings and joints in fire-resistance rated wall and/or floor assemblies, based on fire testing and certification listings....
system. Installations must meet the listing.
Trade Jurisdiction
In the case of exterior treatments on top of ordinary ductwork, as well as ducting made of fireproofing boards, the most suitable and most often used trade is the insulation trade. In the case of proprietary systems with inherent ratings, the sheet metal trade is responsible for the work.Photos
Rad- und Schwimmsporthalle Berlin, Smoke Exhaust Ductwork made of calcium silicateCalcium silicate
Calcium silicate is the chemical compound Ca2SiO4, also known as calcium orthosilicate and sometimes formulated 2CaO.SiO2. It is one of group of compounds obtained by reacting calcium oxide and silica in various ratios e.g. 3CaO.SiO2, Ca3SiO5; 2CaO.SiO2, Ca2SiO4; 3CaO.2SiO2, Ca3Si2O7 and...
and plaster
Plaster
Plaster is a building material used for coating walls and ceilings. Plaster starts as a dry powder similar to mortar or cement and like those materials it is mixed with water to form a paste which liberates heat and then hardens. Unlike mortar and cement, plaster remains quite soft after setting,...
fireproofing
Fireproofing
Fireproofing, a passive fire protection measure, refers to the act of making materials or structures more resistant to fire, or to those materials themselves, or the act of applying such materials. Applying a certification listed fireproofing system to certain structures allows these to have a...
boards
See also
- Passive fire protectionPassive fire protectionPassive fire protection is an integral component of the three components of structural fire protection and fire safety in a building. PFP attempts to contain fires or slow the spread, through use of fire-resistant walls, floors, and doors...
- Pressurisation ductworkPressurisation ductworkPressurisation ductwork is a passive fire protection system. It is used to supply a steady stream of fresh air to any area of refuge or designated emergency evacuation or egress route.-Purpose:...
- Grease ductGrease ductA grease duct is a duct that is specifically designed to vent grease-laden vapors from commercial cooking equipment such as stoves, pizza ovens, deep fryers and woks to the outside of a building or mobile food preparation trailer. Grease ducts are regulated both in terms of their construction and...
- Calcium SilicateCalcium silicateCalcium silicate is the chemical compound Ca2SiO4, also known as calcium orthosilicate and sometimes formulated 2CaO.SiO2. It is one of group of compounds obtained by reacting calcium oxide and silica in various ratios e.g. 3CaO.SiO2, Ca3SiO5; 2CaO.SiO2, Ca2SiO4; 3CaO.2SiO2, Ca3Si2O7 and...
- FireproofingFireproofingFireproofing, a passive fire protection measure, refers to the act of making materials or structures more resistant to fire, or to those materials themselves, or the act of applying such materials. Applying a certification listed fireproofing system to certain structures allows these to have a...
- FirestopFirestopA firestop is a passive fire protection system of various components used to seal openings and joints in fire-resistance rated wall and/or floor assemblies, based on fire testing and certification listings....
- FM GlobalFM GlobalFM Global is a U.S.-based insurance company, with offices worldwide, that specializes in loss prevention services primarily to large corporations throughout the world in the Highly Protected Risk property insurance market sector. "FM Global" is the communicative name of the company, whereas the...
- HVACHVACHVAC refers to technology of indoor or automotive environmental comfort. HVAC system design is a major subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer...
- Listing and approval use and compliance
- SmokeSmokeSmoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of air that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass. It is commonly an unwanted by-product of fires , but may also be used for pest...
- FireFireFire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. Slower oxidative processes like rusting or digestion are not included by this definition....
- Emergency evacuationEmergency evacuationEmergency evacuation is the immediate and rapid movement of people away from the threat or actual occurrence of a hazard. Examples range from the small scale evacuation of a building due to a bomb threat or fire to the large scale evacuation of a district because of a flood, bombardment or...