Solid hydrogen is the solid

Solid

Solid is one of the three classical states of matter . It is characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume. Unlike a liquid, a solid object does not flow to take on the shape of its container, nor does it expand to fill the entire volume available to it like a...

 state of the element hydrogen

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. With an average atomic weight of , hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element, constituting roughly 75% of the Universe's chemical elemental mass. Stars in the main sequence are mainly...

, achieved by decreasing the temperature below hydrogen's melting point of 14.01 K

Kelvin

The kelvin is a unit of measurement for temperature. It is one of the seven base units in the International System of Units and is assigned the unit symbol K. The Kelvin scale is an absolute, thermodynamic temperature scale using as its null point absolute zero, the temperature at which all...

 (−259.14 °C). It was collected for the first time by James Dewar

James Dewar

Sir James Dewar FRS was a Scottish chemist and physicist. He is probably best-known today for his invention of the Dewar flask, which he used in conjunction with extensive research into the liquefaction of gases...

 in 1899 and published with the title "Sur la solidification de l'hydrogène" in the Annales de Chimie et de Physique

Annales de chimie et de physique

Annales de chimie et de physique is a scientific journal that was founded in Paris, France, in 1789 under the title Annales de chimie. One of the early editors was the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier. In 1815, it became the Annales de chimie et de physique, and was published under that name for...

, 7th series, vol.18, Oct. 1899. Solid hydrogen has a density of 0.086 g / cm³ making it one of the lowest density solids.

Research

• Solid-state physics
  Solid-state physics
  Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy. It is the largest branch of condensed matter physics. Solid-state physics studies how the large-scale properties of solid materials result from...
  
  
• 1972: The experimental determination of the melting characteristics of solid hydrogen

See also

• Compressed hydrogen
  Compressed hydrogen
  Compressed hydrogen is the gaseous state of the element hydrogen kept under pressure. Compressed hydrogen in hydrogen tanks at 350 bar and 700 bar is used for mobile hydrogen storage in hydrogen vehicles...
  
  
• Liquid hydrogen
  Liquid hydrogen
  Liquid hydrogen is the liquid state of the element hydrogen. Hydrogen is found naturally in the molecular H2 form.To exist as a liquid, H2 must be pressurized above and cooled below hydrogen's Critical point. However, for hydrogen to be in a full liquid state without boiling off, it needs to be...
  
  
• Slush hydrogen
  Slush hydrogen
  Slush hydrogen is a combination of liquid hydrogen and solid hydrogen at the triple point with a lower temperature and a higher density than liquid hydrogen. It is formed by bringing liquid hydrogen down to nearly the melting point that increases density by 16–20% as compared to liquid hydrogen...
  
  
• Metallic hydrogen
  Metallic hydrogen
  Metallic hydrogen is a state of hydrogen which results when it is sufficiently compressed and undergoes a phase transition; it is an example of degenerate matter. Solid metallic hydrogen is predicted to consist of a crystal lattice of hydrogen nuclei , with a spacing which is significantly smaller...
  
  
• Timeline of hydrogen technologies
  Timeline of hydrogen technologies
  Timeline of hydrogen technologies — A timeline of the history of hydrogen technology.-1600s:* 1625 - First description of hydrogen by Johann Baptista van Helmont...
  
  

External links

• "Properties of solid hydrogen at very low temperatures" (2001)
• "Solid hydrogen experiments for atomic propellants"