Soputan
Encyclopedia
Soputan is a stratovolcano
in the northern arm of the island of Sulawesi
, Indonesia
. It sits on the southern rim of the Tondano
caldera
, constructed in the Quaternary
period, and is one of the most active volcanoes in Sulawesi.
In 2004, it erupted with lava oozing down its southwest slope. No fatalities were recorded. On the morning of 6 June 2008, it erupted sending heat clouds of debris as far as 4 km down its slopes, and ash 2 km into the air. It erupted again at 21:03 UTC on 2 July 2011 spewing ash and smoke 5,000 metres into the air.
3 types of Mount Soputan eruption were Explosion, Lava dome
and Pyroclastic flow
with Strombolian eruption
.
The eruptions occurred at: 1785, 1819, 1833(?), 1845, 1890, 1901, 1906, 1907, 1908–09, 1910, 1911–12, 1913, 1915, 1917, 1923–24, 1947, 1953, 1966–67, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1989, 1991–96, 2000–03, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 and 2011.
Stratovolcano
A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a tall, conical volcano built up by many layers of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash. Unlike shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes are characterized by a steep profile and periodic, explosive eruptions...
in the northern arm of the island of Sulawesi
Sulawesi
Sulawesi is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands. In Indonesia, only Sumatra, Borneo, and Papua are larger in territory, and only Java and Sumatra have larger Indonesian populations.- Etymology :The Portuguese were the first to...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. It sits on the southern rim of the Tondano
Mount Tondano
Mount Tondano in the province of North Sulawesi, Sulawesi, Indonesia, contains 20 × 30 km wide of Quaternary caldera. Pyroclastic cones, obsidian flows and geothermal areas are observed in the caldera area. The Lake Tondano lies in the east side of the caldera....
caldera
Caldera
A caldera is a cauldron-like volcanic feature usually formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption, such as the one at Yellowstone National Park in the US. They are sometimes confused with volcanic craters...
, constructed in the Quaternary
Quaternary
The Quaternary Period is the most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the ICS. It follows the Neogene Period, spanning 2.588 ± 0.005 million years ago to the present...
period, and is one of the most active volcanoes in Sulawesi.
In 2004, it erupted with lava oozing down its southwest slope. No fatalities were recorded. On the morning of 6 June 2008, it erupted sending heat clouds of debris as far as 4 km down its slopes, and ash 2 km into the air. It erupted again at 21:03 UTC on 2 July 2011 spewing ash and smoke 5,000 metres into the air.
3 types of Mount Soputan eruption were Explosion, Lava dome
Lava dome
|250px|thumb|right|Image of the [[rhyolitic]] lava dome of [[Chaitén Volcano]] during its 2008–2009 eruption.In volcanology, a lava dome is a roughly circular mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano...
and Pyroclastic flow
Pyroclastic flow
A pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving current of superheated gas and rock , which reaches speeds moving away from a volcano of up to 700 km/h . The flows normally hug the ground and travel downhill, or spread laterally under gravity...
with Strombolian eruption
Strombolian eruption
Strombolian eruptions are relatively low-level volcanic eruptions, named after the Italian volcano Stromboli, where such eruptions consist of ejection of incandescent cinder, lapilli and lava bombs to altitudes of tens to hundreds of meters...
.
The eruptions occurred at: 1785, 1819, 1833(?), 1845, 1890, 1901, 1906, 1907, 1908–09, 1910, 1911–12, 1913, 1915, 1917, 1923–24, 1947, 1953, 1966–67, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1989, 1991–96, 2000–03, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 and 2011.