Spiegelau Forest Railway
Encyclopedia
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The Spiegelau Forest Railway (German: Spiegelauer Waldbahn) was a narrow gauge
forest railway
built for the transportation of logs from the woods around Spiegelau
in the Bavarian Forest
in southern Germany
.
in 1890, new possibilities arose for the transportation of logs by rail from the woods around the Großer Rachel, one of the highest hills in the Bavarian Forest. At the suggestion of the senior forestry commission officer, Leythäuser, who was elected in 1890 to the government of the province of Lower Bavaria
, forestry staff began to lay a narrow gauge railway with a 600 mm rail gauge
from the state railway station at Spiegelau in 1900 under their own steam.
The official authority to build a permanent forest railway was given on 26 August 1908. At that time, a 7 kilometre long section already existed. In November 1909 the official test run took place on the line, now 17.5 km long, in the presence of officials from the Regensburg railway division
. Also in 1909 the first two steam locomotives were delivered.
In 1911 the main route reached Mauth
, 32 kilometres away. Now a side branch was built towards the Rachel site office. The First World War and the post-war period interrupted further expansion. During the 1920s the network was extended towards Klingenbrunn station and, by 1926, there were 41 kilometres of line and 5 kilometres of sidings.
After the hurricane devastation of 1927, work intensified and a line was built to the forest railway terminus at Finsterau. In the early 1930s the Spiegelau Forest Railway reached its greatest extent with 95 kilometres of permanent way. As new railway sections were now built, old ones were lifted. The last extension of the railway network was as late as 1951 with the construction of a 7 km long stretch to the Scheerhütte by 156 emergency workers. In 1953 the highest point in the network was finally reached at just under 1,000 metres, opening up a 700 hectare area of the forest.
track and dispatched in the direction of Zwiesel
. The lines were very steep and winding. Tracks were laid on robust railway embankments. Tracks were frequently lifted at a particular site, loaded onto a train and relaid elsewhere. At the Betriebswerk in Spiegelau the forestry commission built a locomotive turntable in the early 1920s. At Sagwassersäge there was a wye
track and Klingenbrunn had a terminal loop.
As well as logs the railway also carried part-load goods, especially food, to the remote villages of Guglöd, Waldhäuser und the Graupsäge. In 1930 the record load was transported: 118,119 cubic metres of logs, 40,491 stacked cubic metres of laminated wood and 2,127 tonnes of part-load goods.
From the 1920s the locomotive fleet comprised about 7 permanent locomotives, painted green with yellow outline stripes. From 1926 there were also diesel locomotives. The Forest Railway had a total of 12 locomotives, of which 5 were steam, 4 were diesel und 3 petrol-electric locos. At the peak of operations in 1932 it had 355 log wagons (Trucks) and 47 other wagons. In winter railway traffic ceased due to the amount of snow.
Early on there were attempts by railway fans to reactivate the Spiegelau Forest Railway as a museum railway.
In addition there is a permanent exhibition about the Forest Railway at the information centre in Spiegelau. A Forest Railway locomotive and three wagons are also displayed in the village centre.
Since 10 August 2003 a short Feldbahn
section has been built at Riedlhütte
by the Feld- und Waldbahnverein Riedlhütte (Riedlhütte Field and Forest Railway Society). This has since been regularly operated. It is however a completely new line, which was built alongside the former Forest Railway trackbed in the village centre.
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Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
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The Spiegelau Forest Railway (German: Spiegelauer Waldbahn) was a narrow gauge
Narrow gauge
A narrow gauge railway is a railway that has a track gauge narrower than the of standard gauge railways. Most existing narrow gauge railways have gauges of between and .- Overview :...
forest railway
Forest railway
A forest railway, logging railway or logging railroad is a mode of railway transport which is used for forestry tasks, primarily the transportation of felled logs to sawmills or railway stations.- History :...
built for the transportation of logs from the woods around Spiegelau
Spiegelau
Spiegelau is a municipality in the district of Freyung-Grafenau in Bavaria in Germany. It lies in the heart of the Bavarian Forest.-Transport:...
in the Bavarian Forest
Bavarian Forest
thumb|The village of Zell in the Bavarian ForestThe Bavarian Forest is a wooded low-mountain region in Bavaria, Germany. It extends along the Czech border and is continued on the Czech side by the Šumava . Geographically the Bavarian Forest and Bohemian Forest are sections of the same mountain range...
in southern Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
.
Construction
After the opening of the Zwiesel–Grafenau railwayZwiesel–Grafenau railway
The building of the Zwiesel–Grafenau railway, today route number 906 in the timetable, was begun in 1884 by the Royal Bavarian State Railways and taken into service on 1 September 1890. With a total length of 32 km it linked the towns of Zwiesel and Grafenau in the Bavarian Forest...
in 1890, new possibilities arose for the transportation of logs by rail from the woods around the Großer Rachel, one of the highest hills in the Bavarian Forest. At the suggestion of the senior forestry commission officer, Leythäuser, who was elected in 1890 to the government of the province of Lower Bavaria
Lower Bavaria
Lower Bavaria is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of the state.- Geography :Lower Bavaria is subdivided into two regions - Landshut and Donau-Wald. Recent election results mark it as the most conservative part of Germany, generally giving huge...
, forestry staff began to lay a narrow gauge railway with a 600 mm rail gauge
Rail gauge
Track gauge or rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the heads of the two load bearing rails that make up a single railway line. Sixty percent of the world's railways use a standard gauge of . Wider gauges are called broad gauge; smaller gauges, narrow gauge. Break-of-gauge refers...
from the state railway station at Spiegelau in 1900 under their own steam.
The official authority to build a permanent forest railway was given on 26 August 1908. At that time, a 7 kilometre long section already existed. In November 1909 the official test run took place on the line, now 17.5 km long, in the presence of officials from the Regensburg railway division
Reichsbahndirektion Regensburg
Reichsbahndirektion Regensburg was a Deutsche Reichsbahn railway division within the Bavarian Group Administration in southern Germany with its headquarters at Regensburg, Bavaria....
. Also in 1909 the first two steam locomotives were delivered.
In 1911 the main route reached Mauth
Mauth
Mauth is a municipality in the district of Freyung-Grafenau in Bavaria in Germany....
, 32 kilometres away. Now a side branch was built towards the Rachel site office. The First World War and the post-war period interrupted further expansion. During the 1920s the network was extended towards Klingenbrunn station and, by 1926, there were 41 kilometres of line and 5 kilometres of sidings.
After the hurricane devastation of 1927, work intensified and a line was built to the forest railway terminus at Finsterau. In the early 1930s the Spiegelau Forest Railway reached its greatest extent with 95 kilometres of permanent way. As new railway sections were now built, old ones were lifted. The last extension of the railway network was as late as 1951 with the construction of a 7 km long stretch to the Scheerhütte by 156 emergency workers. In 1953 the highest point in the network was finally reached at just under 1,000 metres, opening up a 700 hectare area of the forest.
Operation
The Spiegelau Forest Railway transported logs to the loading areas at Spiegelau or at Klingenbrunn, where they were loaded onto standard gaugeStandard gauge
The standard gauge is a widely-used track gauge . Approximately 60% of the world's existing railway lines are built to this gauge...
track and dispatched in the direction of Zwiesel
Zwiesel
Zwiesel is a town in the district of Regen, in Bavaria, Germany.-Geography:Zwiesel is situated in the Bavarian Forest, lying south of Bodenmais and to the northwest of Grafenau...
. The lines were very steep and winding. Tracks were laid on robust railway embankments. Tracks were frequently lifted at a particular site, loaded onto a train and relaid elsewhere. At the Betriebswerk in Spiegelau the forestry commission built a locomotive turntable in the early 1920s. At Sagwassersäge there was a wye
Wye
Wye is a historic village in Kent, England, located some from Canterbury, and is also the main village in the civil parish of Wye with Hinxhill...
track and Klingenbrunn had a terminal loop.
As well as logs the railway also carried part-load goods, especially food, to the remote villages of Guglöd, Waldhäuser und the Graupsäge. In 1930 the record load was transported: 118,119 cubic metres of logs, 40,491 stacked cubic metres of laminated wood and 2,127 tonnes of part-load goods.
From the 1920s the locomotive fleet comprised about 7 permanent locomotives, painted green with yellow outline stripes. From 1926 there were also diesel locomotives. The Forest Railway had a total of 12 locomotives, of which 5 were steam, 4 were diesel und 3 petrol-electric locos. At the peak of operations in 1932 it had 355 log wagons (Trucks) and 47 other wagons. In winter railway traffic ceased due to the amount of snow.
The end
After the Second World War the Regensburg federal railway division, who were responsible for construction standards, demanded that the railway was overhauled, which would have cost about 500,000 marks. Because the construction of forest roads and transportation of logs by road vehicles was cheaper, on 21 September 1957 the Regensburg Forestry Department ordered the dismantling of the Spiegelau Forest Railway by 1960. In 1955 the Forest Railway still owned eleven locomotives 182 Trucks and 23 special wagons. In 1957 the tracks were lifted in favour of forest roads. Farewell rides were laid on for the local population. On 11 May 1960 the last train ran; on 8 September the last track was lifted.Today
The locomotive shed at Spiegelau station is still there. Several former railway embankments form the base for walking trails or vehicle tracks. Some have been uncovered again by the Bavarian Forest National Park.Early on there were attempts by railway fans to reactivate the Spiegelau Forest Railway as a museum railway.
In addition there is a permanent exhibition about the Forest Railway at the information centre in Spiegelau. A Forest Railway locomotive and three wagons are also displayed in the village centre.
Since 10 August 2003 a short Feldbahn
Feldbahn
A Feldbahn is the German term for a narrow gauge railway, usually not open to the public, which in its simplest form provides for the transportation of agricultural, forestry and industrial raw materials such as wood, peat, stone, earth and sand...
section has been built at Riedlhütte
Sankt Oswald-Riedlhütte
Sankt Oswald-Riedlhütte is a municipality in the district of Freyung-Grafenau in Bavaria in Germany....
by the Feld- und Waldbahnverein Riedlhütte (Riedlhütte Field and Forest Railway Society). This has since been regularly operated. It is however a completely new line, which was built alongside the former Forest Railway trackbed in the village centre.
Sources
- Ludwig Reiner, Hermann Beiler, Richard Sliwinski: Die Spiegelauer Waldbahn. Ohetaler Verlag, Riedlhütte, 2005 - Format DINA4, 164 Seiten - ISBN 3-937067-14-0
- Walther Zeitler: Eisenbahnen im Bayerischen Wald. Verlag Morsak, Grafenau, 3. Aufl. 1980, ISBN 3 8755 3
External links
- Information on the Spiegelau Forest Railway
- History of the Spiegelau Forest Railway
- Feld- und Waldbahnverein Riedlhütte
- There is a relevant English-language forum at Railways of Germany