Square (cipher)
Encyclopedia
In cryptography
, Square (sometimes written SQUARE) is a block cipher
invented by Joan Daemen
and Vincent Rijmen
. The design, published in 1997, is a forerunner to the Rijndael algorithm, which has been adopted as the Advanced Encryption Standard
. Square was introduced together with a new form of cryptanalysis
discovered by Lars Knudsen
, called the "Square attack".
The structure of Square is a substitution-permutation network
with eight rounds, operating on 128-bit blocks and using a 128-bit key
.
Square is not patented.
Cryptography
Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties...
, Square (sometimes written SQUARE) is a block cipher
Block cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a symmetric key cipher operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks, with an unvarying transformation. A block cipher encryption algorithm might take a 128-bit block of plaintext as input, and output a corresponding 128-bit block of ciphertext...
invented by Joan Daemen
Joan Daemen
Joan Daemen |Limburg]], Belgium) is a Belgian cryptographer and one of the designers of Rijndael, the Advanced Encryption Standard , together with Vincent Rijmen. He has also designed or co-designed the MMB, Square, SHARK, NOEKEON, 3-Way, and BaseKing block ciphers...
and Vincent Rijmen
Vincent Rijmen
Vincent Rijmen is a Belgian cryptographer and one of the two designers of the Rijndael, the Advanced Encryption Standard. Rijmen is also the co-designer of the WHIRLPOOL cryptographic hash function, and the block ciphers Anubis, KHAZAD, Square, NOEKEON and SHARK.In 1993, Rijmen obtained a degree...
. The design, published in 1997, is a forerunner to the Rijndael algorithm, which has been adopted as the Advanced Encryption Standard
Advanced Encryption Standard
Advanced Encryption Standard is a specification for the encryption of electronic data. It has been adopted by the U.S. government and is now used worldwide. It supersedes DES...
. Square was introduced together with a new form of cryptanalysis
Cryptanalysis
Cryptanalysis is the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted information, without access to the secret information that is normally required to do so. Typically, this involves knowing how the system works and finding a secret key...
discovered by Lars Knudsen
Lars Knudsen
Lars Ramkilde Knudsen is a Danish researcher in cryptography, particularly interested in the design and analysis of block ciphers, hash functions and message authentication codes .-Academic:...
, called the "Square attack".
The structure of Square is a substitution-permutation network
Substitution-permutation network
In cryptography, an SP-network, or substitution-permutation network , is a series of linked mathematical operations used in block cipher algorithms such as AES .Other ciphers that use SPNs are 3-Way, SAFER, SHARK, and Square....
with eight rounds, operating on 128-bit blocks and using a 128-bit key
Key (cryptography)
In cryptography, a key is a piece of information that determines the functional output of a cryptographic algorithm or cipher. Without a key, the algorithm would produce no useful result. In encryption, a key specifies the particular transformation of plaintext into ciphertext, or vice versa...
.
Square is not patented.