St James with Holy Trinity Church, Scarborough
Encyclopedia
St James with Holy Trinity Church, Scarborough, is located in Seamer Road, Scarborough, North Yorkshire
, England. It is an active Anglican
parish church
in the deanery of Scarborough, the archdeaconry of East Riding, and the diocese of York
. The church has been designated by English Heritage
as a Grade II listed building.
. The chapel was designed by the Lancaster
firm of architects, Paley, Austin and Paley. In 1893 work started on enlarging the church to seat about 350 people by adding two aisle
s. At the same time the vicar's vestry
was added and the porch was enlarged. The extensions were designed by the same architects. The church was consecrated
on 24 July 1894 by the Most Revd William Maclagan, Archbishop of York
, as a parish church dedicated
to Saint James. In 1990 its benefice was united with that of Holy Trinity Church, which had closed in the 1980s, and was rededicated as the Parish Church of St James with Holy Trinity by the Most Revd John Habgood
, the Archbishop of York.
, principally Decorated. Its plan consists of a nave
with north and south aisles, and a chancel
, with a porch and vestry at the west end. There is a bell tower rising above the east end of the south aisle. Under the east end of the church is an undercroft
. The undercroft has three two-light east windows, above which is the four-light east window of the chancel. The top of the chancel is gable
d and surmounted by a cross finial
. On the south wall of the chancel is a three-light window; the north wall is blank. There is a two-light window in the east wall of the north aisle, and three similar windows along its north wall. At the west end of the nave is a four-light window. The porch and vestry have flat roofs. The south aisle has a two-light west window and two four-light windows on the south side. At its east end is the bell tower that has a slate
d spire and a weathervane in the form of a fish. To the east of the tower is an organ chamber with a three-light window.
consists of pointed arches carried on piers
that have a chamfer
ed diamond cross-section. Between the nave and the chancel is an oak screen incorporating the pulpit
. It was installed in 1921 as a memorial to the First World War. It is also inscribed with the names of the civilians who were killed in the naval bombardment of 16 December 1914, the German Navy's only raid on mainland Britain in the war. The reredos
, altar and choir stalls are also in oak. At the east end of the north aisle is an artificial stone font
that was installed in 1947 as a memorial to the Second World War. The stained glass is by Shrigley and Hunt
. The east window is a memorial to the founder of the church; it depicts the Last Supper
. The single-manual
organ was built in 1976 by N. Church.
North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county primarily in that region but partly in North East England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 it covers an area of , making it the largest...
, England. It is an active Anglican
Anglicanism
Anglicanism is a tradition within Christianity comprising churches with historical connections to the Church of England or similar beliefs, worship and church structures. The word Anglican originates in ecclesia anglicana, a medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 that means the English...
parish church
Parish church
A parish church , in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches....
in the deanery of Scarborough, the archdeaconry of East Riding, and the diocese of York
Diocese of York
The Diocese of York is an administrative division of the Church of England, part of the Province of York. It covers the city of York, the eastern part of North Yorkshire, and most of the East Riding of Yorkshire....
. The church has been designated by English Heritage
English Heritage
English Heritage . is an executive non-departmental public body of the British Government sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport...
as a Grade II listed building.
History
The church originated as a mission chapel to All Saints' Church, Scarborough, and was opened for worship on St James' Day, (25 July) 1885; at this time it seated about 200 people. It was founded by an honorary curate of All Saints' Church, F. Hartop Holt, and much of its cost was provided by his aunt, the widow of the engineer James NasmythJames Nasmyth
James Hall Nasmyth was a Scottish engineer and inventor famous for his development of the steam hammer. He was the co-founder of Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company manufacturers of machine tools...
. The chapel was designed by the Lancaster
Lancaster, Lancashire
Lancaster is the county town of Lancashire, England. It is situated on the River Lune and has a population of 45,952. Lancaster is a constituent settlement of the wider City of Lancaster, local government district which has a population of 133,914 and encompasses several outlying towns, including...
firm of architects, Paley, Austin and Paley. In 1893 work started on enlarging the church to seat about 350 people by adding two aisle
Aisle
An aisle is, in general, a space for walking with rows of seats on both sides or with rows of seats on one side and a wall on the other...
s. At the same time the vicar's vestry
Vestry
A vestry is a room in or attached to a church or synagogue in which the vestments, vessels, records, etc., are kept , and in which the clergy and choir robe or don their vestments for divine service....
was added and the porch was enlarged. The extensions were designed by the same architects. The church was consecrated
Consecration
Consecration is the solemn dedication to a special purpose or service, usually religious. The word "consecration" literally means "to associate with the sacred". Persons, places, or things can be consecrated, and the term is used in various ways by different groups...
on 24 July 1894 by the Most Revd William Maclagan, Archbishop of York
Archbishop of York
The Archbishop of York is a high-ranking cleric in the Church of England, second only to the Archbishop of Canterbury. He is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and metropolitan of the Province of York, which covers the northern portion of England as well as the Isle of Man...
, as a parish church dedicated
Dedication
Dedication is the act of consecrating an altar, temple, church or other sacred building. It also refers to the inscription of books or other artifacts when these are specifically addressed or presented to a particular person. This practice, which once was used to gain the patronage and support of...
to Saint James. In 1990 its benefice was united with that of Holy Trinity Church, which had closed in the 1980s, and was rededicated as the Parish Church of St James with Holy Trinity by the Most Revd John Habgood
John Habgood, Baron Habgood
John Stapylton Habgood, Baron Habgood PC , was Bishop of Durham from 1973 to 1983, and Archbishop of York from 18 November 1983 to 1995....
, the Archbishop of York.
Exterior
The church stands on a sloping site. It is constructed in brick with stone dressings; its roofs are mainly tiled. The architectural style is Gothic RevivalGothic Revival architecture
The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement that began in the 1740s in England...
, principally Decorated. Its plan consists of a nave
Nave
In Romanesque and Gothic Christian abbey, cathedral basilica and church architecture, the nave is the central approach to the high altar, the main body of the church. "Nave" was probably suggested by the keel shape of its vaulting...
with north and south aisles, and a chancel
Chancel
In church architecture, the chancel is the space around the altar in the sanctuary at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building...
, with a porch and vestry at the west end. There is a bell tower rising above the east end of the south aisle. Under the east end of the church is an undercroft
Undercroft
An undercroft is traditionally a cellar or storage room, often brick-lined and vaulted, and used for storage in buildings since medieval times. In modern usage, an undercroft is generally a ground area which is relatively open to the sides, but covered by the building above.- History :While some...
. The undercroft has three two-light east windows, above which is the four-light east window of the chancel. The top of the chancel is gable
Gable
A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system being used and aesthetic concerns. Thus the type of roof enclosing the volume dictates the shape of the gable...
d and surmounted by a cross finial
Finial
The finial is an architectural device, typically carved in stone and employed decoratively to emphasize the apex of a gable or any of various distinctive ornaments at the top, end, or corner of a building or structure. Smaller finials can be used as a decorative ornament on the ends of curtain rods...
. On the south wall of the chancel is a three-light window; the north wall is blank. There is a two-light window in the east wall of the north aisle, and three similar windows along its north wall. At the west end of the nave is a four-light window. The porch and vestry have flat roofs. The south aisle has a two-light west window and two four-light windows on the south side. At its east end is the bell tower that has a slate
Slate
Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism. The result is a foliated rock in which the foliation may not correspond to the original sedimentary layering...
d spire and a weathervane in the form of a fish. To the east of the tower is an organ chamber with a three-light window.
Interior
The arcadesArcade (architecture)
An arcade is a succession of arches, each counterthrusting the next, supported by columns or piers or a covered walk enclosed by a line of such arches on one or both sides. In warmer or wet climates, exterior arcades provide shelter for pedestrians....
consists of pointed arches carried on piers
Pier (architecture)
In architecture, a pier is an upright support for a superstructure, such as an arch or bridge. Sections of wall between openings function as piers. The simplest cross section of the pier is square, or rectangular, although other shapes are also common, such as the richly articulated piers of Donato...
that have a chamfer
Chamfer
A chamfer is a beveled edge connecting two surfaces. If the surfaces are at right angles, the chamfer will typically be symmetrical at 45 degrees. A fillet is the rounding off of an interior corner. A rounding of an exterior corner is called a "round" or a "radius"."Chamfer" is a term commonly...
ed diamond cross-section. Between the nave and the chancel is an oak screen incorporating the pulpit
Pulpit
Pulpit is a speakers' stand in a church. In many Christian churches, there are two speakers' stands at the front of the church. Typically, the one on the left is called the pulpit...
. It was installed in 1921 as a memorial to the First World War. It is also inscribed with the names of the civilians who were killed in the naval bombardment of 16 December 1914, the German Navy's only raid on mainland Britain in the war. The reredos
Reredos
thumb|300px|right|An altar and reredos from [[St. Josaphat's Roman Catholic Church|St. Josaphat Catholic Church]] in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]]. This would be called a [[retable]] in many other languages and countries....
, altar and choir stalls are also in oak. At the east end of the north aisle is an artificial stone font
Baptismal font
A baptismal font is an article of church furniture or a fixture used for the baptism of children and adults.-Aspersion and affusion fonts:...
that was installed in 1947 as a memorial to the Second World War. The stained glass is by Shrigley and Hunt
Shrigley and Hunt
Shrigley and Hunt was the name of an English firm which produced stained glass windows and art tiles.The business began in the 1750s when Shrigley's was a painting, carving and gilding firm in Lancaster, Lancashire....
. The east window is a memorial to the founder of the church; it depicts the Last Supper
Last Supper
The Last Supper is the final meal that, according to Christian belief, Jesus shared with his Twelve Apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion. The Last Supper provides the scriptural basis for the Eucharist, also known as "communion" or "the Lord's Supper".The First Epistle to the Corinthians is...
. The single-manual
Manual (music)
A manual is a keyboard designed to be played with the hands on a pipe organ, harpsichord, clavichord, electronic organ, or synthesizer. The term "manual" is used with regard to any hand keyboard on these instruments to distinguish it from the pedalboard, which is a keyboard that the organist plays...
organ was built in 1976 by N. Church.