St Michael, Cornhill
Encyclopedia
St Michael, Cornhill is a medieval parish church in the City of London
City of London
The City of London is a small area within Greater London, England. It is the historic core of London around which the modern conurbation grew and has held city status since time immemorial. The City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, and it is now only a tiny part of...

 with pre-Norman Conquest parochial foundation. The medieval structure was lost in the Great Fire of London
Great Fire of London
The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of the English city of London, from Sunday, 2 September to Wednesday, 5 September 1666. The fire gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman City Wall...

 and the current church was designed by Sir Christopher Wren
Christopher Wren
Sir Christopher Wren FRS is one of the most highly acclaimed English architects in history.He used to be accorded responsibility for rebuilding 51 churches in the City of London after the Great Fire in 1666, including his masterpiece, St. Paul's Cathedral, on Ludgate Hill, completed in 1710...

 between 1670-1677.

History

The church of St Michael was in existence by 1133. The patronage was in the possession of the Abbot and convent of Evesham until 1503, when it was settled on the Drapers Company
Worshipful Company of Drapers
The Worshipful Company of Drapers is one of the 108 Livery Companies of the City of London; it has the formal name of The Master and Wardens and Brethren and Sisters of the Guild or Fraternity of the Blessed Mary the Virgin of the Mystery of Drapers of the City of London but is more usually known...

. A new tower was built in 1421, possibly after a fire.

The medieval church, except for the tower, was destroyed in the Great Fire of London
Great Fire of London
The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of the English city of London, from Sunday, 2 September to Wednesday, 5 September 1666. The fire gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman City Wall...

 in 1666, and the present building, by Christopher Wren was begun in 1672. His design was for a church 83 feet long and 67 feet wide, divided into nave and aisles by Doric columns, with a groined
Groin vault
A groin vault or groined vault is produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults. The word groin refers to the edge between the intersecting vaults; cf. ribbed vault. Sometimes the arches of groin vaults are pointed instead of round...

 ceiling. There was an organ at the west end, and a [reredos] with paintings of Moses and Aaron. The walls, George Godwin
George Godwin
George Godwin FRS was an influential architect, journalist, and editor of The Builder magazine.He was one of nine children of the architect George Godwin senior and trained at his father's architectural practice in Kensington where he set up in business with his brother Henry Godwin .Encouraged...

 noted, did not form right-angles, indicating the re-use of the medieval foundations.

The tower, having proved unstable was replaced some years later, the 130-foot high replacement being completed in 1721. In contrast to the main body of the church, the tower was built in a Gothic style, in imitation of that of Magdalene College, Cambridge
Magdalene College, Cambridge
Magdalene College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England.The college was founded in 1428 as a Benedictine hostel, in time coming to be known as Buckingham College, before being refounded in 1542 as the College of St Mary Magdalene...

. It was nominally by Wren, who was 90 at the time, but bears a strong resemblance to the work of Wren's apprentice Nicholas Hawksmoor
Nicholas Hawksmoor
Nicholas Hawksmoor was a British architect born in Nottinghamshire, probably in East Drayton.-Life:Hawksmoor was born in Nottinghamshire in 1661, into a yeoman farming family, almost certainly in East Drayton, Nottinghamshire. On his death he was to leave property at nearby Ragnall, Dunham and a...

, who would create similar towers on Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey
The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, popularly known as Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in the City of Westminster, London, United Kingdom, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English,...

's West End.

In the late 1850s, the Drapers Company, motivated by legislation that would have forced them to hand certain funds over to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners if they were not spent on St Michael’s, decided to fund a lavish scheme of embellishment, and asked George Gilbert Scott to carry out the work.

Scott added an elaborate Gothic porch (1858–1860) facing Cornhill.It is decorated with carving by John Birnie Philip
John Birnie Philip
.John Birnie Philip was a notable English sculptor of the 19th century.He studied at the Government School of Design at Somerset House in London under John Rogers Herbert, and then at Herbert's own newly opened school in Maddox Street. He worked in Pugin's wood carving workshop at the Palace of...

, which includes a high-relief tympanum
Tympanum
Tympanum may refer to:* Tympanum , an architectural element located within the arch or pediment* Tympanum , a hearing organ/gland in frogs and toads, a flat red oval on both sides of a frog's head* Tympanum, in biology, the eardrum...

 sculpture depicting "St Michael disputing with Satan". Scott inserted Gothic tracery to the circular clerestory windows, and into the plain round-headed windows on the south side of the church. New side windows were created in the chancel, and an elaborate stone reredos, incorporating the paintings of Moses and Aaron from its predecessor, was constructed in an Italian Gothic style. A contemporary account of the work explained that this was appropriate since “the classical feeling which pervades the Italian school of Gothic art enabled the architect to bring the classical features of the building into harmony with the Gothic treatment which our present sympathies demand“. The chancel walls were lined with panels of coloured marble. up to the level of the top of the reredos columns, and richly painted above this point.

Stained glass by Clayton and Bell was installed, with a representation of Christ in Glory in the large circular east window. Its splays were enriched with inlaid and carved marble, with four heads in high relief enclosed in medallions. The other windows contained a series of stained glass images illustrating the life of Christ, with the crucifixion at the west end.
A further campaign of medievalising decoration was carried out in the late 1860s by Herbert Williams, who had worked with Scott on the earlier scheme. Williams built a three bay cloister-like passage, with plaster vaults, on the south side of the building, and in the body of the church added richly painted decoration to Wren's columns and capitals. The reredos was enriched with inlaid marble, and the chancel was given new white marble steps and a mosaic floor of Minton’s tesserae and tiles. In what the Building News described as a "startling novelty" a circular opening was cut in the vault of each aisle bay and filled with stained glass, and skylights installed above.

Few original furnishings were retained its Victorian re-imagining, but the 1672 font
Baptismal font
A baptismal font is an article of church furniture or a fixture used for the baptism of children and adults.-Aspersion and affusion fonts:...

 given by James Paul
James Paul
James Paul is an American conductor. He is currently the music director and conductor of The Shedd Institute's Oregon Festival of American Music and its American Symphonia, and music director of the Oregon Coast Music Festival.-Career:James Paul studied voice at the Oberlin Conservatory of...

  survived, although a new balustrade was added.

The church escaped serious damage in World War II and was designated a Grade I listed building on 4 January 1950.

A new ring of twelve bells, cast by Taylors of Loughborough was installed in the tower in April 2011

The current Rector is the Revd Dr Peter Mullen
Peter Mullen
The Rev'd Peter Mullen is the current Rector of St Michael, Cornhill and St Sepulchre-without-Newgate in the City of London...

. The Lay Curate is Rupert Meacher. The Parish Clerk, John Gaze, died in August 2011 and the post is currently vacant. The Beadle is Nicholas Dixon. The PCC includes Alderman Sir David Howard (formerly Lord Mayor of London). The Patrons of the living are (and have been since 1503) the Worshipful Company of Drapers
Worshipful Company of Drapers
The Worshipful Company of Drapers is one of the 108 Livery Companies of the City of London; it has the formal name of The Master and Wardens and Brethren and Sisters of the Guild or Fraternity of the Blessed Mary the Virgin of the Mystery of Drapers of the City of London but is more usually known...

.

The church has one of the oldest sets of churchwarden's records in the City of London, which are now kept in the Guildhall Library
Guildhall Library
The Guildhall Library is administered by the Corporation of London, the government of the City of London, which is the historical heart of London, England. It was founded in the 1420s under the terms of the will of Lord Mayor Dick Whittington...

.

Rectors

  • Sperling the Priest 1133
  • John de Merham 1287
  • William de Wyholakesford 1321-1322
  • Henry de Makeseye 1330-1331
  • John de Wendland ????-1345
  • Thomas de Wallingford 1345
  • Richard Savage 1351-1357/8
  • Hugh de Denton 1366-1368
  • Richard Mitford ???? – 1371
  • Richard Atfelde 1371-1393
  • John Haseley 1393-1400
  • Thomas Whithede 1400-1407
  • William Bright 1407-1414
  • Peter Heynewick 1421-1426
  • Henry Woodchurch 1426-1432
  • Thomas Liseux 1432-1447
  • William Lyeff 1447-1454
  • William Wytham 1454
  • Thomas Bolton 1472-1474
  • Henry Best 1474-1477
  • Peter Hussye 1477-1482
  • Martin Joynour 1482-1485
  • John Moore 1485-1503
  • John Wardroper 1503-1515
  • Peter Drayton 1515-1517
  • Rowland Phillips 1517-1538
  • Edward Stepham 1538-1545

  • John Willoughby 1545-1554
  • John Philpot 1562/3-1567
  • Richard Mathew 1567-1587
  • William Ashbold 1587-1622
  • George Carew 1622-1624/5
  • William Brough
    William Brough
    William Brough was an English royalist churchman, Dean of Gloucester from 1643.-Life:He was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he matriculated in 1613, graduating B.A. 1617 and M.A. 1620. He proceeded B.D. 1627, and D.D. 5 February 1636. He was presented to the rectory of St...

     1625-1642
  • Thomas Holl 1642/3-1645
  • Anthony Harford 1645-1646
  • John Wall 1646-1652
  • Peter Vincke 1652-1660
  • William Brough
    William Brough
    William Brough was an English royalist churchman, Dean of Gloucester from 1643.-Life:He was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he matriculated in 1613, graduating B.A. 1617 and M.A. 1620. He proceeded B.D. 1627, and D.D. 5 February 1636. He was presented to the rectory of St...

     1660-1664
  • John Meriton 1664-1704
  • Samuel Baker 1705-1749
  • Arnold King 1749-1771
  • Robert Poole Finch
    Robert Poole Finch
    -Life:Finch was the son of the Rev. Richard Finch. He was born at Greenwich 3 March 1723-4, entered Merchant Taylors' School in 1736, and was admitted a member of Peterhouse, Cambridge, whence he graduated B.A. 1743, M.A. 1747, D.D. 1772...

     1771-1784
  • Arthur Dawes 1784-1793
  • Thomas Robert Wrench 1793-1836
  • Thomas William Wrench 1836-1875
  • William Hunt 1875-1887
  • Alfred Earle 1888-1896
  • George Charles Bell 1896-1913
  • John Henry Joshua Ellison 1913-1945
  • George Frederick Saywell 1945-1956
  • Norman Charles Stanley Motley 1956-1980
  • John Scott 1981-1985
  • David Burton Evans 1986-1996
  • Gordon Reid 1997-1998
  • Peter John Mullen
    Peter Mullen
    The Rev'd Peter Mullen is the current Rector of St Michael, Cornhill and St Sepulchre-without-Newgate in the City of London...

     1998-current


Notable parishioners

  • John Stow
    John Stow
    John Stow was an English historian and antiquarian.-Early life:The son of Thomas Stow, a tallow-chandler, he was born about 1525 in London, in the parish of St Michael, Cornhill. His father's whole rent for his house and garden was only 6s. 6d. a year, and Stow in his youth fetched milk every...

    , author of A Survey of London (1598)
  • James Paul
    James Paul
    James Paul is an American conductor. He is currently the music director and conductor of The Shedd Institute's Oregon Festival of American Music and its American Symphonia, and music director of the Oregon Coast Music Festival.-Career:James Paul studied voice at the Oberlin Conservatory of...

  • Thomas Gray
    Thomas Gray
    Thomas Gray was a poet, letter-writer, classical scholar and professor at Cambridge University.-Early life and education:...

     the poet, famous for his Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
    Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
    Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is a poem by Thomas Gray, completed in 1750 and first published in 1751. The poem’s origins are unknown, but it was partly inspired by Gray’s thoughts following the death of the poet Richard West in 1742. Originally titled Stanza's Wrote in a Country...

    , was born in a milliner's shop in 1716, adjacent to St Michael's and was baptised in the Church.
  • Martin Neary
    Martin Neary
    Martin Neary LVO is an English organist and choral conductor. He was Organist and Director of Music at Winchester Cathedral from 1972 to 1988, and Organist and Master of the Choristers at Westminster Abbey from 1988 to 1998...

    , later Organist of Westminster Abbey, was baptised in St Michael's.
  • Sir George Thalben-Ball
    George Thalben-Ball
    Sir George Thomas Thalben-Ball CBE was an organist and composer who, though originally from Australia, spent most of his life in Britain....

    , leading organist and choir director.
  • Sir Derek Pattinson, former General Secretary to the Church of England Synod.
  • Fay Weldon
    Fay Weldon
    Fay Weldon CBE is an English author, essayist and playwright, whose work has been associated with feminism. In her fiction, Weldon typically portrays contemporary women who find themselves trapped in oppressive situations caused by the patriarchal structure of British society.-Biography:Weldon was...

    , the feminist writer, was a member of the congregation for some years.
  • Douglas Murray
    Douglas Murray
    Douglas Murray may refer to:* Douglas Murray , British political journalist, author and commentator* Douglas Murray , Swedish ice hockey player* Doug Murray , American comic book writer...

    , media personality.

Organ

The organ, which includes historic pipework by Renatus Harris
Renatus Harris
Renatus Harris was a master organ maker in England in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.During the period of the Commonwealth, in the mid seventeenth century, Puritans controlled the country and organ music was banned in churches. Many organ makers left England for the continent,...

, Green, Robson, Bryceson, Hill and Rushworth and Dreaper
Rushworth and Dreaper
Rushworth and Dreaper was a firm of organ builders based in Liverpool, England Upon its bankruptcy, its archives were mostly destroyed, and the Victorian clock in the works tower was removed...

, and was in 2010 restored by Nicholson & Co (Worcester) Ltd
Nicholson & Co (Worcester) Ltd
Nicholson & Co Ltd is a company that manufactures pipe organs.The Nicholson's were a family of organ builders originating from Rochdale, Lancashire in the North of England. When John Nicholson moved to Worcester in 1841 he obtained permission from the Dean and Chapter of Worcester Cathedral to...

, has been awarded a Historic Organ Certificate of Recognition by the British Institute of Organ Studies
British Institute of Organ Studies
-Aims:The aims of BIOS are* To promote objective, scholarly research into the history of the organ and its music in all its aspects, and, in particular, into the organ and its music in Britain....

. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.

List of organists

  • Isaac Blackwell
    Isaac Blackwell
    Isaac Blackwell was a composer and English Cathedral organist, who served at St. Paul's Cathedral.-Background:His compositions are not well known.Amongst his madrigal output are:*“Give me thy youth”*I saw fair Cloris walk alone....

     1684 - 1699
  • Walter Holt 1699 - 1704
  • Philip Hart 1704 - 1723
  • Obadiah Shuttleworth
    Obadiah Shuttleworth
    Obadiah Shuttleworth , English composer, violinist and organist, was the son of Thomas Shuttleworth of Spitalfields in London. Thomas was a professional music copyist and harpsichord player.The exact date of Obadiah's birth is uncertain....

     1723 - 1734
  • Joseph Kelway 1734 - 1736 (afterwards organist of St Martin-in-the-Fields
    St Martin-in-the-Fields
    St Martin-in-the-Fields is an Anglican church at the north-east corner of Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, London. Its patron is Saint Martin of Tours.-Roman era:Excavations at the site in 2006 led to the discovery of a grave dated about 410...

    )
  • William Boyce 1736 - 1768 (also appointed Master of the King's Musick in 1755 and organist at the Chapel Royal
    Chapel Royal
    A Chapel Royal is a body of priests and singers who serve the spiritual needs of their sovereign wherever they are called upon to do so.-Austria:...

     in 1758)
  • Theodore Aylward Sr.
    Theodore Aylward Sr.
    Theodore Aylward was and English organist.He was an Organist, successively of St Lawrence Jewry and St Michael, Cornhill , in London, and of St. George's Chapel, Windsor . As well as these appointments, he was the Gresham Professor of Music...

     1769 - 1781 (Gresham Professor of Music
    Gresham Professor of Music
    The Professor of Music at Gresham College, London, gives free educational lectures to the general public. The college was founded for this purpose in 1596 / 7, when it appointed seven professors; this has since increased to eight and in addition the college now has visiting professors.The Professor...

     1771, and organist of St. George's Chapel, Windsor 1788)
  • Richard John Samuel Stevens
    R. J. S. Stevens
    Richard John Samuel Stevens was an English composer and organist.-Biography:...

     1781 - 1810
  • George William Arnull 1810 - 1849
  • Richard Davidge Limpus
    Richard Limpus
    Richard Davidge Limpus was an English organist and composer, who is best known for being the founder of the Royal College of Organists.-Background:...

     1849 - 1875
  • Edward Henry Thorne 1875 - 1891
  • Williamson John Reynolds 1891 - 1900 (afterwards organist of St Martin in the Bull Ring
    St Martin in the Bull Ring
    The church of St Martin in the Bull Ring in Birmingham 5, England is a parish church in the Church of England.-Background:It is the original parish church of Birmingham. It stands between the Bull Ring shopping centre and the markets. The church is a Grade II* listed building. The current Rector...

    , Birmingham
    Birmingham
    Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 , and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a...

    )
  • George Frederick Vincent
    George Frederick Vincent
    George Frederick Vincent was an English organist and composer.-Background:George Frederick Vincent was born in Houghton-le-Spring on 27 March 1855, son of Charles John Vincent, organist, and educated at the Leipzig Conservatoire. He became organist of Holy Trinity Church, Sunderland, 1872-1874,...

     1900 - 1916
  • Harold Darke
    Harold Darke
    Dr Harold Edwin Darke was an English composer and organist.Darke was born in Highbury, London the youngest son of Samuel Darke & Arundel Bourne...

     1916 - 1966
  • Richard Popplewell
    Richard Popplewell
    Richard Popplewell LVO is an English organist and composer who served at the Chapel Royal.-Background:He was born in Halifax, Yorkshire on 18 October 1935...

      1966 - 1979
  • Jonathan Rennert 1979 - current

List of assistant organists

  • Andrew Lucas (afterwards sub organist of St Paul's Cathedral
    St Paul's Cathedral
    St Paul's Cathedral, London, is a Church of England cathedral and seat of the Bishop of London. Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site, founded in AD 604. St Paul's sits at the top of Ludgate Hill, the highest point in the City of London, and is the mother...

     then Master of the Music of St Albans Abbey)
  • James Cryer (afterwards organ scholar of Westminster Abbey
    Westminster Abbey
    The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, popularly known as Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in the City of Westminster, London, United Kingdom, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English,...

     & St John's College, Cambridge
    St John's College, Cambridge
    St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The college's alumni include nine Nobel Prize winners, six Prime Ministers, three archbishops, at least two princes, and three Saints....

    )
  • Adrian Lenthall (afterwards organ scholar of Westminster Abbey
    Westminster Abbey
    The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, popularly known as Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in the City of Westminster, London, United Kingdom, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English,...

     & Emmanuel College, Cambridge
    Emmanuel College, Cambridge
    Emmanuel College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge.The college was founded in 1584 by Sir Walter Mildmay on the site of a Dominican friary...

    )
  • John Hatton (then a student of the Royal College of Music)
  • Matthew Morley (currently Assistant Director of Music, St Bride's, Fleet Street, London)
  • Lee Ward (currently director of the Schola at The London Oratory School)
  • Ross Cobb (Director of Music, Christ Church, Clifton Down
    Christ Church, Clifton Down
    Christ Church is a popular church in Clifton, Bristol, England.It was built in 1841 by Charles Dyer. The steeple, which reaches 65 m , was built 1859 by J Norton, and the aisles in 1885 by William Basset Smith....

     and now Director of Music, St. Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney
    St. Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney
    St Andrew's Cathedral is the cathedral church of the Anglican Diocese of Sydney in the Anglican Church of Australia. The cathedral is the seat of the Anglican Archbishop of Sydney and Metropolitan of New South Wales, the Most Reverend Peter Jensen...

    )
  • Alistair Reid (after a spell in the USA, he is now Assistant Organist of Coventry Cathedral
    Coventry Cathedral
    Coventry Cathedral, also known as St Michael's Cathedral, is the seat of the Bishop of Coventry and the Diocese of Coventry, in Coventry, West Midlands, England. The current bishop is the Right Revd Christopher Cocksworth....

    )
  • Nigel Thomas (then a student of the Royal College of Music)
  • James Hills (currently director of music at Clifton College
    Clifton College
    Clifton College is a co-educational independent school in Clifton, Bristol, England, founded in 1862. In its early years it was notable for emphasising science in the curriculum, and for being less concerned with social elitism, e.g. by admitting day-boys on equal terms and providing a dedicated...

    )
  • Jonathan Bunney (now Organist of St Giles-in-the-Fields, London)
  • Andrew Earis (currently Director of Music at St Martin-in-the-Fields
    St Martin-in-the-Fields
    St Martin-in-the-Fields is an Anglican church at the north-east corner of Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, London. Its patron is Saint Martin of Tours.-Roman era:Excavations at the site in 2006 led to the discovery of a grave dated about 410...

    , London)
  • Duncan Ferguson (currently Director of Music of St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Episcopal)
    St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Episcopal)
    St Mary's Cathedral or the Cathedral Church of Saint Mary the Virgin is a cathedral of the Scottish Episcopal Church in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was built in the late 19th century in the West End of Edinburgh's New Town. The cathedral is the see of the Bishop of Edinburgh, one of seven bishops...

    )
  • Robert Smith (currently Director of Music at St Mary-at-Hill
    St Mary-at-Hill
    St. Mary-at-Hill is a Church of England church on Lovat Lane, a cobbled street off Eastcheap in the ward of Billingsgate, London, England. Rebuilt many times, St Mary-at-Hill was originally founded in the 12th Century, where it was first known as "St. Mary de Hull" or " St...

    , London)
  • Gregory Drott currently in post

See also


External links


Gallery

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