Stadelheim Prison
Encyclopedia
Stadelheim Prison, in Munich
's Giesing
district, is one of the largest prisons
in Germany
.
Founded in 1894 it was the site of many executions, particularly by guillotine
during the Nazi period.
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
's Giesing
Giesing
Obergiesing is a borough of Munich, about 3 miles south-east of the city center. The larger part is residential or a mix of business and residential, but there are also a number of recreational facilities.-Overview:...
district, is one of the largest prisons
Prisons in Germany
The prisons in Germany are run solely by the federal states, although governed by a federal law. The aim of prison confinement in Germany is twofold: emphasis is placed on enabling prisoners to lead a life of "social responsibility free of crime" upon release, but society is also to be protected...
in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
.
Guillotine
The guillotine is a device used for carrying out :executions by decapitation. It consists of a tall upright frame from which an angled blade is suspended. This blade is raised with a rope and then allowed to drop, severing the head from the body...
during the Nazi period.
Notable inmates
- Ludwig ThomaLudwig ThomaLudwig Thoma was a German author, publisher and editor, who gained popularity through his partially exaggerated description of a Bavarian workday....
, in 1906 served a six-week prison sentence for insulting the morality associations. - Kurt EisnerKurt EisnerKurt Eisner was a Bavarian politician and journalist. As a German socialist journalist and statesman, he organized the Socialist Revolution that overthrew the Wittelsbach monarchy in Bavaria in November 1918....
, after the January strike, imprisoned from summer until 14 October 1918; - Anton Graf von Arco auf ValleyAnton Graf von Arco auf ValleyAnton von Padua Alfred Emil Hubert Georg Graf von Arco auf Valley , commonly known as Anton Arco-Valley, German political activist, is best remembered as the assassin of Kurt Eisner, the first republican premier of Bavaria, in February 1919.Arco-Valley was born in Sankt Martin im Innkreis in Upper...
, the assassin of Kurt EisnerKurt EisnerKurt Eisner was a Bavarian politician and journalist. As a German socialist journalist and statesman, he organized the Socialist Revolution that overthrew the Wittelsbach monarchy in Bavaria in November 1918....
'Minister President' of Bavaria. He served his sentence in cell 70, and in 1924 was evicted from his cell to make way for Adolf Hitler. - Gustav LandauerGustav LandauerGustav Landauer was one of the leading theorists on anarchism in Germany in the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. He was an advocate of communist anarchism and an avowed pacifist. Landauer is also known for his study and translations of William Shakespeare's works into German...
, killed on 2 May 1919. - Eugen LevineEugen LevineEugen Leviné was a Communist, revolutionary and leader of the short lived Bavarian Soviet Republic.-Background:...
, killed on 5 July 1919. - Ernst TollerErnst TollerErnst Toller was a left-wing German playwright, best known for his Expressionist plays and serving as President of the short-lived Bavarian Soviet Republic, for six days.- Biography :...
, imprisoned, 1919-1924. - Adolf HitlerAdolf HitlerAdolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , commonly referred to as the Nazi Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and head of state from 1934 to 1945...
was imprisoned in Stadelheim from June 24 to July 27, 1922 for breach of the peace. - Ernst RöhmErnst RöhmErnst Julius Röhm, was a German officer in the Bavarian Army and later an early Nazi leader. He was a co-founder of the Sturmabteilung , the Nazi Party militia, and later was its commander...
was imprisoned before his execution by Hitler during Night of the Long KnivesNight of the Long KnivesThe Night of the Long Knives , sometimes called "Operation Hummingbird " or in Germany the "Röhm-Putsch," was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany between June 30 and July 2, 1934, when the Nazi regime carried out a series of political murders...
. A former SA Chief of Staff, he was shot on 1 July 1934 in cell 70. - Peter von HeydebreckPeter von HeydebreckHans-Adam Otto von Heydebreck, called Peter von Heydebreck was a German Freikorps- and SA leader, member of the Reichstag and a national socialist....
, a career Nazi, during the Röhm-Putsch in 1934 he was imprisoned and killed by the SS. - Hans SchollHans SchollHans Fritz Scholl was a founding member of the White Rose resistance movement in Nazi Germany.-Biography:...
, a member of the White Rose resistance movementWhite RoseThe White Rose was a non-violent/intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany, consisting of students from the University of Munich and their philosophy professor...
was executed on 22 February 1943. - Sophie SchollSophie SchollSophia Magdalena Scholl was a German student, active within the White Rose non-violent resistance group in Nazi Germany. She was convicted of high treason after having been found distributing anti-war leaflets at the University of Munich with her brother Hans...
, a member of the 'White Rose resistance movement', was executed 22 February 1943. - Christoph ProbstChristoph ProbstChristoph Hermann Probst was a German student of medicine and a member of the White Rose resistance group.-White Rose:...
, a member of the 'White Rose resistance movement', was executed on 22 February 1943. - Alexander SchmorellAlexander SchmorellAlexander Schmorell was one of five Munich University students who formed a resistance group known as White Rose which was active against Germany's Nazi regime from June 1942 to February 1943.-Early life:Schmorell's father, a medical doctor, was a German born and raised in Russia...
, a member of the 'White Rose resistance movement', was executed on 13 July 1943. - Kurt HuberKurt HuberKurt Huber was a member of the White Rose group, which carried out resistance against Nazi Germany.-Early life:...
, a member of the 'White Rose resistance movement', was executed on July 13, 1943. - Willi GrafWilli GrafWilli Graf was a member of the White Rose resistance group in Nazi Germany....
, a member of the 'White Rose resistance movement', was executed on 12 October 1943. - Friedrich Ritter von Lama, known Catholic journalist, listening in on Vatican Radio. Murdered in February 1944.
- Dieter Zlof, the kidnapper of Richard Oetker was here (circa 1977) until his transfer to Straubing.
- Konstantin WeckerKonstantin WeckerKonstantin Alexander Wecker is one of the best-known German singer-songwriters ; he also works as a composer, author, and actor.- Life and work :...
, musician, 1995 pre-trial detention for cocaine use. - Karl-Heinz Wildmoser Sr., former president of the TSV 1860 MunichTSV 1860 MünchenTurn- und Sportverein München von 1860, commonly known as TSV 1860 München or 1860 Munich, is a German sports club based in Munich, Bavaria. The club's football team plays in the Second Bundesliga, after relegation from the Bundesliga following the 2003–04 season...
football team. Imprisoned circa 2002. - MOKMOKTarkan Karaalioglu better known as MOK, is a German rapper of Turkish descent. His name "MOK" means "Muzik oder Knast" was awarded to him by the Berlin hip hop legend Maxim. He is a member of rap crew Die Sekte...
, Berliner Rapper, imprisoned 2003-04. - Oliver ShantiOliver ShantiOliver Shanti , later known as Oliver Serano-Alve, is a New Age musician. Founder of the band Inkarnation which was originally based on meditative music, and later transformed into "Oliver Shanti & Friends"...
, imprisoned since 2008. - John DemjanjukJohn DemjanjukJohn Demjanjuk is a retired Ukrainian-American auto worker who gained notoriety after being accused numerous times of Holocaust-related war crimes....
, suspected war criminal. Imprisoned 2009. - Gerhard Gribkowsky, chief risk officer of Munich-based bank BayernLB, the former chairman of SLEC. Imprisoned 2010.
Statistics about the prison
- Size: 14 hectares
- Capacity of prison: ca. 1,500 prisoners (possible maximum 2,100)
- Highest number of prisoners: November 9, 1993 with 1,969 prisoners
- Executions 1895 to 1927: 14 (including Gustav Landauer and Eugen Levine)
- Executions 1933 to 1945: at least 1,035 (including Ernst Röhm and the members of the White Rose resistance movementWhite RoseThe White Rose was a non-violent/intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany, consisting of students from the University of Munich and their philosophy professor...
, i.e. Sophie Scholl, Hans Scholl and Christoph Probst; Alex Schmorell, Willi Graf and Prof. Kurt Huber)