Stanislaw Mokronowski
Encyclopedia
Stanisław Mokronowski was a prominent member of the Polish
landed gentry
of Bogoria Coat of Arms. A general
of the Polish Army and a royal Chamberlain
http://akson.sgh.waw.pl/~apszczol/mazurz.htm, Mokronowski took part in both the Polish-Russian War of 1792
(War in the Defence of the Constitution) and Kościuszko's Uprising of 1794.
Stanisław Mokronowski was born in 1761 to Ludwik Mokronowski and Józefa née Czosnowska. Educated by Jesuits, he later studied at the Szkoła Rycerska (Knight's School, also known as the Cadet Corps) in Warsaw, and later in Paris
. He entered the military
service in Poland, but for a few years he served in the French military. He returned to Poland in 1788, and on the sejmik
at Wyszogród
land he was elected the deputy to the national Sejm
(parliament), thus becoming a member of the famous Great Sejm
http://www.polishconstitution.org/description/smok.html. He became allied to the Poniatowski
family.
In 1792, during the War in the Defence of the Constitution he held the rank of vicebrigadier (wicebrygadier), and after distinguishing himself at the battle of Zieleńce
was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General. In 1793, he married Maria Marianna Sanguszko-Kowelska.
In 1794, he was the commander of Polish troops in Warsaw, and took part in the Warsaw Uprising
against the Russian garrison occupying the city. The Russians were defeated in two days, and retreated from the city with very heavy losses. During the insurrection he held the position of commander of the city of Warsaw and the National Forces of the Masovian Duchy (komendant miasta Warszawy i Siły Zbrojnej Księstwa Mazowieckiego). He was elected to the Provisional Temporary Council
(Polish: Rada Zastępcza Tymczasowa), but due to his criticism of Tadeusz Kościuszko
he was removed from the political body. As a military commander, he was important in the defense of Warsaw (commander of the defense at the battle of Błonie), and in Lithuania
, where he led the retreating Polish forces towards Warsaw. Together with prince Józef Poniatowski, Michał Wielhorski and Eustachy Sanguszko, he formed the core of the 'court' faction among the insurrectionists.
After the defeat of the Uprising, he retired to Italy
. In 1804 his daughter, Antonina Mokronowski, was born. He returned to Poland shortly before his death. He was engaged in the construction of the monument of Józef Poniatowski in Warsaw.
In 1792, he became the fourth person to receive the Virtuti Militari
order (the highest Polish military decoration
), after prince Józef Poniatowski, Tadeusz Kościuszko
and Michał Wielhorski.
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
landed gentry
Szlachta
The szlachta was a legally privileged noble class with origins in the Kingdom of Poland. It gained considerable institutional privileges during the 1333-1370 reign of Casimir the Great. In 1413, following a series of tentative personal unions between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of...
of Bogoria Coat of Arms. A general
General
A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given....
of the Polish Army and a royal Chamberlain
Chamberlain (office)
A chamberlain is an officer in charge of managing a household. In many countries there are ceremonial posts associated with the household of the sovereign....
http://akson.sgh.waw.pl/~apszczol/mazurz.htm, Mokronowski took part in both the Polish-Russian War of 1792
Polish-Russian War of 1792
The Polish–Russian War of 1792 or War in Defence of the Constitution was fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth on one side, and the Targowica Confederation and the Russian Empire on the other....
(War in the Defence of the Constitution) and Kościuszko's Uprising of 1794.
Stanisław Mokronowski was born in 1761 to Ludwik Mokronowski and Józefa née Czosnowska. Educated by Jesuits, he later studied at the Szkoła Rycerska (Knight's School, also known as the Cadet Corps) in Warsaw, and later in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
. He entered the military
Military
A military is an organization authorized by its greater society to use lethal force, usually including use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or perceived threats. The military may have additional functions of use to its greater society, such as advancing a political agenda e.g...
service in Poland, but for a few years he served in the French military. He returned to Poland in 1788, and on the sejmik
Sejmik
A sejmik was a regional assembly in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and earlier in the Kingdom of Poland. Sejmiks existed until the end of the Commonwealth in 1795 following the partitions of the Commonwealth...
at Wyszogród
Wyszogród
Wyszogród is a town in Poland, in Masovian Voivodship, in Płock County, by the Vistula River. The population of Wyszogród was 2,793 in 2004.-History:...
land he was elected the deputy to the national Sejm
Sejm
The Sejm is the lower house of the Polish parliament. The Sejm is made up of 460 deputies, or Poseł in Polish . It is elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the Marshal of the Sejm ....
(parliament), thus becoming a member of the famous Great Sejm
Great Sejm
The Great Sejm, also known as the Four-Year Sejm was a Sejm of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that was held in Warsaw, beginning in 1788...
http://www.polishconstitution.org/description/smok.html. He became allied to the Poniatowski
Poniatowski
Poniatowski is an aristocratic family in Poland. Because Polish adjectives have different forms for the genders, Poniatowska is the same name for a female family member.-History:...
family.
In 1792, during the War in the Defence of the Constitution he held the rank of vicebrigadier (wicebrygadier), and after distinguishing himself at the battle of Zieleńce
Battle of Zielence
The Battle of Zieleńce was a battle in the Polish–Russian War of 1792, in defence of the Polish Constitution of 3 May 1791. The battle took place on 18 June 1792, between the Polish army of Józef Poniatowski and a Russian army group under the command of General Morkov, which was a part of...
was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General. In 1793, he married Maria Marianna Sanguszko-Kowelska.
In 1794, he was the commander of Polish troops in Warsaw, and took part in the Warsaw Uprising
Warsaw Uprising (1794)
The Warsaw Uprising of 1794 was an armed Polish insurrection by the city's populace early in the Kościuszko Uprising. Supported by the Polish Army, it aimed to throw off Russian control of the Polish capital city...
against the Russian garrison occupying the city. The Russians were defeated in two days, and retreated from the city with very heavy losses. During the insurrection he held the position of commander of the city of Warsaw and the National Forces of the Masovian Duchy (komendant miasta Warszawy i Siły Zbrojnej Księstwa Mazowieckiego). He was elected to the Provisional Temporary Council
Provisional Temporary Council
The Provisional Council of the Duchy of Masovia was a government ad interim of Warsaw and the Masovian Voivodeship, liberated in the Warsaw Insurrection during the Kościuszko Uprising...
(Polish: Rada Zastępcza Tymczasowa), but due to his criticism of Tadeusz Kościuszko
Tadeusz Kosciuszko
Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko was a Polish–Lithuanian and American general and military leader during the Kościuszko Uprising. He is a national hero of Poland, Lithuania, the United States and Belarus...
he was removed from the political body. As a military commander, he was important in the defense of Warsaw (commander of the defense at the battle of Błonie), and in Lithuania
Lithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
, where he led the retreating Polish forces towards Warsaw. Together with prince Józef Poniatowski, Michał Wielhorski and Eustachy Sanguszko, he formed the core of the 'court' faction among the insurrectionists.
After the defeat of the Uprising, he retired to Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
. In 1804 his daughter, Antonina Mokronowski, was born. He returned to Poland shortly before his death. He was engaged in the construction of the monument of Józef Poniatowski in Warsaw.
In 1792, he became the fourth person to receive the Virtuti Militari
Virtuti Militari
The Order Wojenny Virtuti Militari is Poland's highest military decoration for heroism and courage in the face of the enemy at war...
order (the highest Polish military decoration
Military decoration
A military decoration is a decoration given to military personnel or units for heroism in battle or distinguished service. They are designed to be worn on military uniform....
), after prince Józef Poniatowski, Tadeusz Kościuszko
Tadeusz Kosciuszko
Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko was a Polish–Lithuanian and American general and military leader during the Kościuszko Uprising. He is a national hero of Poland, Lithuania, the United States and Belarus...
and Michał Wielhorski.