Stanley Marion Garn
Encyclopedia
Stanley Marion Garn Ph.D. (Oct. 27, 1922 to Aug 31, 2007) was a professor
of physical anthropology
. He was a professor of anthropology at the College for Literature, Science and Arts and a Professor of Nutrition at the School of Public Health at the University of Michigan
. He joined the University of Michigan in 1968.
and Java
due to their greater intelligence. Garn determined from skull
size, symphysis
size and tooth thickness that in China and Java the more intelligent hominid Sinanthropus Pithencanthropus
killed off the lesser evolved Neanderthal
species. He emphasized that the physical differences in the remains of these two species should be acknowledged in determining their social behavior.
Garn has also done research on the effects of obesity
and bone problems. In relation to his study on obesity, he studied over-nutrition and under-nutrition, human fat
over the course of the human life cycle and the correlation between growth rate in infants and their later fat amounts. He concluded that genetics
forms a major component in determining a person's tendency for obesity, but socio-economic factors are also significant. Based on his study on age and cholesterol
, he concluded that people between the ages of thirty and fifty have their serum cholesterol rise which contributes to an increase risk for coronary artery disease. In relation to bone problems, he studied skeletal development, skeletal loss, odontogenesis and dysmorphogenesis. His hypothesis was that dietary differences contribute to bone loss among individuals.
Stanley M. Garn died of complications from peripheral vascular disease on August 31, 2007 in Ann Arbor Michigan. http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/0708/Sept17_07/obits.shtml
Garn considered racial classification based on physical traits to be imprecise. He considered each physical trait to be independent of each other, making classification by the assumption that a population shares certain traits incorrect. Furthermore, he was critical about racial classifications based on physical type which seemingly elevated some physical traits to a racial status, but glossed over others. He concluded that racial classifications based on physical type can always be compartmentalized into smaller populations which share more physical traits in common. He used three gradations of racial classification which were increasingly more specific in scope: geographical, local and micro. He counted thirty-four local races in the world which were caused by genetic isolation. He believed the genetic isolation among Pacific Islander
s made them form three separate races which were Micronesia
n, Polynesia
n and Melanesian.
Regarding "geographical races", Garn said, "A collection of race populations, separated from other such collections by major geographical barriers." Regarding "local races", Garn said, "A breeding population adapted to local selection pressures and maintained by either natural or social barriers to gene interchange." Regarding "micro-races", Garn said, "marriage or mating , is a mathematical function of distance. With millions of potential mates, the male ordinarily chooses one near at hand."
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
of physical anthropology
Physical anthropology
Biological anthropology is that branch of anthropology that studies the physical development of the human species. It plays an important part in paleoanthropology and in forensic anthropology...
. He was a professor of anthropology at the College for Literature, Science and Arts and a Professor of Nutrition at the School of Public Health at the University of Michigan
University of Michigan
The University of Michigan is a public research university located in Ann Arbor, Michigan in the United States. It is the state's oldest university and the flagship campus of the University of Michigan...
. He joined the University of Michigan in 1968.
Work
Garn theorizes that an ancient species of early hominid killed a mentally inferior humanoid species in ChinaChina
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
and Java
Java
Java is an island of Indonesia. With a population of 135 million , it is the world's most populous island, and one of the most densely populated regions in the world. It is home to 60% of Indonesia's population. The Indonesian capital city, Jakarta, is in west Java...
due to their greater intelligence. Garn determined from skull
Human skull
The human skull is a bony structure, skeleton, that is in the human head and which supports the structures of the face and forms a cavity for the brain.In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 22 bones...
size, symphysis
Symphysis
A symphysis is a fibrocartilaginous fusion between two bones. It is a type of cartilaginous joint, specifically a secondary cartilaginous joint.1.A symphysis is an amphiarthrosis, a slightly movable joint.2.A growing together of parts or structures...
size and tooth thickness that in China and Java the more intelligent hominid Sinanthropus Pithencanthropus
Java Man
Java Man is the name given to fossils discovered in 1891 at Trinil - Ngawi Regency on the banks of the Solo River in East Java, Indonesia, one of the first known specimens of Homo erectus...
killed off the lesser evolved Neanderthal
Neanderthal
The Neanderthal is an extinct member of the Homo genus known from Pleistocene specimens found in Europe and parts of western and central Asia...
species. He emphasized that the physical differences in the remains of these two species should be acknowledged in determining their social behavior.
Garn has also done research on the effects of obesity
Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems...
and bone problems. In relation to his study on obesity, he studied over-nutrition and under-nutrition, human fat
Adipose tissue
In histology, adipose tissue or body fat or fat depot or just fat is loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes. It is technically composed of roughly only 80% fat; fat in its solitary state exists in the liver and muscles. Adipose tissue is derived from lipoblasts...
over the course of the human life cycle and the correlation between growth rate in infants and their later fat amounts. He concluded that genetics
Genetics
Genetics , a discipline of biology, is the science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms....
forms a major component in determining a person's tendency for obesity, but socio-economic factors are also significant. Based on his study on age and cholesterol
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a complex isoprenoid. Specifically, it is a waxy steroid of fat that is produced in the liver or intestines. It is used to produce hormones and cell membranes and is transported in the blood plasma of all mammals. It is an essential structural component of mammalian cell membranes...
, he concluded that people between the ages of thirty and fifty have their serum cholesterol rise which contributes to an increase risk for coronary artery disease. In relation to bone problems, he studied skeletal development, skeletal loss, odontogenesis and dysmorphogenesis. His hypothesis was that dietary differences contribute to bone loss among individuals.
Stanley M. Garn died of complications from peripheral vascular disease on August 31, 2007 in Ann Arbor Michigan. http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/0708/Sept17_07/obits.shtml
Race
In 1968 Garn joined a team of genetic anthropologists to study the racial differences of ancient populations. He focused less on cranio-facial data and more on genetic data in this study. His work looked at the amount of genes within populations to determine their racial make up. This work did not assume distinct racial forms but considered gradations of specific genes between populations.Garn considered racial classification based on physical traits to be imprecise. He considered each physical trait to be independent of each other, making classification by the assumption that a population shares certain traits incorrect. Furthermore, he was critical about racial classifications based on physical type which seemingly elevated some physical traits to a racial status, but glossed over others. He concluded that racial classifications based on physical type can always be compartmentalized into smaller populations which share more physical traits in common. He used three gradations of racial classification which were increasingly more specific in scope: geographical, local and micro. He counted thirty-four local races in the world which were caused by genetic isolation. He believed the genetic isolation among Pacific Islander
Pacific Islander
Pacific Islander , is a geographic term to describe the indigenous inhabitants of any of the three major sub-regions of Oceania: Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia.According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, these three regions, together with their islands consist of:Polynesia:...
s made them form three separate races which were Micronesia
Micronesia
Micronesia is a subregion of Oceania, comprising thousands of small islands in the western Pacific Ocean. It is distinct from Melanesia to the south, and Polynesia to the east. The Philippines lie to the west, and Indonesia to the southwest....
n, Polynesia
Polynesia
Polynesia is a subregion of Oceania, made up of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. The indigenous people who inhabit the islands of Polynesia are termed Polynesians and they share many similar traits including language, culture and beliefs...
n and Melanesian.
Regarding "geographical races", Garn said, "A collection of race populations, separated from other such collections by major geographical barriers." Regarding "local races", Garn said, "A breeding population adapted to local selection pressures and maintained by either natural or social barriers to gene interchange." Regarding "micro-races", Garn said, "marriage or mating , is a mathematical function of distance. With millions of potential mates, the male ordinarily chooses one near at hand."