Station groups
Encyclopedia
In the ticket
Ticket (admission)
A ticket is a voucher that indicates that one has paid for admission to an event or establishment such as a theatre, movie theater, amusement park, zoo, museum, concert, or other attraction, or permission to travel on a vehicle such as an airliner, train, bus, or boat, typically because one has...

ing system of the British rail network
Rail transport in Great Britain
The railway system in Great Britain is the oldest in the world, with the world's first locomotive-hauled public railway opening in 1825. As of 2010, it consists of of standard gauge lines , of which are electrified. These lines range from single to double, triple, quadruple track and up to twelve...

, tickets are normally issued to and from individual stations. In some instances, when there is more than one station in a town or other locality—especially where these are on different routes—it may be desirable for passengers to be able to travel to one station and back from another, or more generally to be able to choose which of the stations they wish to travel to. To accommodate this requirement, British Rail
British Rail
British Railways , which from 1965 traded as British Rail, was the operator of most of the rail transport in Great Britain between 1948 and 1997. It was formed from the nationalisation of the "Big Four" British railway companies and lasted until the gradual privatisation of British Rail, in stages...

 introduced a series of station groups: notional "common locations" to which tickets from stations outside that group would be issued.

For example, Penge
Penge
Penge is a suburb of London in the London Borough of Bromley. It is located south east of Charing Cross.-History:Penge was once a small town, which was recorded under the name Penceat in a Saxon deed dating from 957...

 in South London has two stations: Penge East
Penge East railway station
Penge East railway station is in the London Borough of Bromley in south London. It is in Travelcard Zone 4, and the station and nearly all trains are operated by Southeastern...

 and Penge West
Penge West railway station
Penge West railway station is in the London Borough of Bromley in south London. The station is operated by London Overground, with London Overground and Southern trains serving the station. First Capital Connect and some Southern services pass through the station. It is located in Travelcard Zone...

. The former is served by trains from London Victoria to Orpington
Orpington railway station
Orpington railway station serves the town of Orpington in the London Borough of Bromley, and is in Travelcard Zone 6. Located in Crofton Road, the station is a 500m west of the southern end of Orpington High Street....

; the latter is on the route from London Bridge
London Bridge station
London Bridge railway station is a central London railway terminus and London Underground complex in the London Borough of Southwark, occupying a large area on two levels immediately south-east of London Bridge and 1.6 miles east of Charing Cross. It is one of the oldest railway stations in the...

 to West Croydon
West Croydon station
West Croydon station is a transport interchange for National Rail and Tramlink services, as well as London Buses. It is in the London Borough of Croydon and Travelcard Zone 5...

. For a traveller arriving at, for example, a London terminal station and intending to go to Penge, it makes little difference which route is chosen. Both stations are close together and serve the same area. Therefore, a ticket issued specifically to one of the Penge stations would be unduly restrictive—it would remove the opportunity to travel by a choice of equally convenient routes. A notional "Penge group" solves this problem: a ticket issued in this way would be interavailable.

The concept is explained in the National Fares Manuals (NFMs) issued approximately three times per year by the British Railways Board
British Railways Board
The British Railways Board was a nationalised industry in the United Kingdom that existed from 1962 to 2001. From its foundation until 1997, it was responsible for most railway services in Great Britain, trading under the brand names British Railways and, from 1965, British Rail...

 (and, since privatisation
Privatisation of British Rail
The privatisation of British Rail was set in motion when the Conservative government enacted, on 19 January 1993, the British Coal and British Rail Act 1993 . This enabled the relevant Secretary of State to issue directions to the relevant Board...

, by the Association of Train Operating Companies
Association of Train Operating Companies
The Association of Train Operating Companies is a body which represents 24 train operating companies that provide passenger railway services on the privatised British railway system. It owns the National Rail brand. The Association is an unincorporated association owned by its members...

) to stations, Rail Appointed Travel Agents and other ticket issuing authorities: "Fares for certain ... cities and towns are shown to and from a notional common station[.] All fares are quoted and all tickets should be issued to and from [these notional group] stations except for local journeys between two stations in the same group. Tickets issued to and from these [notional group] stations are valid to or from any of their associated stations, subject to normal route availability."

Terminology and appearance on tickets

These "locations" had to be shown in a standard, easily identifiable way on tickets. The method chosen by the British Railways Board was as follows:
  • Take the name of the actual location where the stations are: for Penge East and Penge West, PENGE.
  • Add the suffix BR to this: PENGE BR.


Each station group was also allocated its own National Location Code
National Location Code
In the context of the ticketing system of the British railway network, a National Location Code is a four-digit code allocated to every railway station and railway ticket issuing point in Great Britain. NLCs are used in the issue of tickets, and for accounting purposes...

 (NLC)—a four-digit code used for accounting and to attribute revenue to locations on the railway network. Most station group codes were between 0250 and 0500. This NLC appeared on PORTIS/SPORTIS
PORTIS/SPORTIS
PORTIS and latterly SPORTIS were portable ticket issuing systems used on Rail transport in Great Britain until 2006...

 tickets, which by convention always showed the "origin" and "destination" NLCs as well as the code of the issuing point; but tickets from the APTIS
APTIS
APTIS was the Accountancy and Passenger Ticket Issuing System used on Rail transport in Great Britain until 2007.It was widely known as the All-Purpose Ticket-Issuing System, a description which was used during the development of the...

 system and its replacements always showed the NLC of the actual station of issue, even where a ticket was issued from a "station group" (except for some short-lived anomalies).

After privatisation
Privatisation of British Rail
The privatisation of British Rail was set in motion when the Conservative government enacted, on 19 January 1993, the British Coal and British Rail Act 1993 . This enabled the relevant Secretary of State to issue directions to the relevant Board...

, the designation "BR" was no longer appropriate, although having been in use for more than 10 years it had become a convenient shorthand device for referring to the station groups concept in general (for example, National Fares Manuals continued to use the term "BR Stations"). A new designation had to be created which still took up little space on a ticket (location names are restricted to 16 characters on most ticket issuing systems) and which still conveyed a notion of interavailability.

The solution, introduced gradually from November 1997 and uploaded to all ticket issuing systems by January 1998, was for BR to be changed to STNS or STATIONS as appropriate:
  • STNS if the location name was between 8 and 11 characters in length: for example, LIVERPOOL BR became LIVERPOOL STNS.
  • STATIONS if the location name was 7 characters or fewer: for example, DORKING BR became DORKING STATIONS.


There were some deviations from this standard:
  • As GAINSBOROUGH is 12 characters in length, a meaningful abbreviation to signify the station grouping could not be created. Therefore, tickets to the Gainsborough "group" are now issued simply to GAINSBOROUGH.
  • Although GLASGOW STATIONS was seen briefly on some systems in 1998, the designation for the Glasgow "group" was quickly changed across the board to GLASGOW CEN/QST, representing Glasgow Central and Glasgow Queen Street (the two main termini in the city). The change was made in mid-April 1998.
  • The London group was changed three times.

Existing groups

As of , 37 station groups (including the London group) are known to exist. The table shows the NLC
National Location Code
In the context of the ticketing system of the British railway network, a National Location Code is a four-digit code allocated to every railway station and railway ticket issuing point in Great Britain. NLCs are used in the issue of tickets, and for accounting purposes...

 allocated to each group, the pre- and post-privatisation renderings of the group name, and the stations included within it.
Current Name Former Name NLC Stations Included Notes Refs
BEDFORD STATIONS BEDFORD BR 0410 Bedford, Bedford St John's
BIRMINGHAM STNS BIRMINGHAM BR 0418 Birmingham Moor Street, Birmingham New Street, Birmingham Snow Hill Birmingham Snow Hill
Birmingham Snow Hill station
Birmingham Snow Hill is a railway station and tram stop in the centre of Birmingham, England, on the site of an earlier, much larger station built by the former Great Western Railway . It is the second most important railway station in the city, after Birmingham New Street station...

 was included from January 1988 following the reopening of the station.
BOOTLE STATIONS 1780 Bootle New Strand, Bootle Oriel Road The most recently created group, dating from 26 September 1999.
BRADFORD YK STNS BRADFORD YKS BR 0424 Bradford Forster Square, Bradford Interchange
CANTERBURY STNS CANTERBURY BR 0428 Canterbury East, Canterbury West
CATFORD STATIONS CATFORD BR 0258 Catford, Catford Bridge
COLCHESTER STNS COLCHESTER BR 0254 Colchester, Colchester Town Introduced in May 1991.
CROYDON STATIONS CROYDON BR 0449 East Croydon, West Croydon Tickets are valid to and from South Croydon as well, but tickets issued at South Croydon show that name.
DORCHESTER STNS DORCHESTER BR 0429 Dorchester South, Dorchester West
DORKING STATIONS DORKING BR 0416 Dorking, Dorking Deepdene, Dorking West
EDENBRIDGE STNS EDENBRIDGE BR 0259 Edenbridge, Edenbridge Town
ENFIELD STATIONS ENFIELD BR 0263 Enfield Chase, Enfield Town Enfield Lock has never been included.
FALKIRK STATIONS FALKIRK BR 0431 Falkirk Grahamston, Falkirk High
FARNBOROUGH STNS FARNBOROUGH BR 0260 Farnborough Main, Farnborough North
FOLKESTONE STNS FOLKESTONE BR 0432 Folkestone Central, Folkestone West Folkestone Harbour
Folkestone Harbour railway station
Folkestone Harbour station is a railway station built to serve the port of Folkestone in Kent, and is one of three stations in the town. It is at the end of the short 1-in-30 Folkestone Harbour Branch Line, joining the South Eastern Main Line at Folkestone Junction...

 was included until closure in 2001.
GAINSBOROUGH GAINSBOROUGH BR 0415 Gainsborough Central, Gainsborough Lea Road
GLASGOW CEN/QST GLASGOW BR 0433 Glasgow Central, Glasgow Queen Street Occasionally seen as GLASGOW STATIONS in 1998; officially renamed GLASGOW CEN/QST from 27 September 1998.
HELENSBURGH STNS HELENSBURGH BR 0404 Helensburgh Central, Helensburgh Upper
HERTFORD STNS HERTFORD BR 0413 Hertford East, Hertford North
LIVERPOOL STNS LIVERPOOL BR 0435 James Street, Liverpool Central, Liverpool Lime Street, Moorfields
MAIDSTONE STNS MAIDSTONE BR 0437 Maidstone Barracks, Maidstone East, Maidstone West
MANCHESTER STNS MANCHESTER BR 0438 Deansgate, Manchester Oxford Road, Manchester Piccadilly, Manchester Victoria Deansgate
Deansgate railway station
Deansgate is a railway station in Manchester city centre, England. It is situated approximately west of Manchester Piccadilly in the Castlefield area, at the junction of Deansgate and Whitworth Street West....

 and Salford Central
Salford Central railway station
Salford Central railway station is a railway station in Salford, Greater Manchester in the North West of England just over the River Irwell from Manchester city centre. It is very close to Manchester's Spinningfields district and the area behind the House of Fraser department store, Deansgate...

 were included in the group until January 1989. By 2005, Deansgate was included again.
NEWARK STATIONS NEWARK BR 0441 Newark Castle, Newark Northgate
PENGE STATIONS PENGE BR 0262 Penge East, Penge West
PONTEFRACT STNS PONTEFRACT BR 0268 Pontefract Baghill, Pontefract Monkhill Pontefract Tanshelf
Pontefract Tanshelf railway station
Pontefract Tanshelf railway station is the most central station in the town of Pontefract, West Yorkshire, England, and serves Pontefract Races, the racecourse located just down the street from the station. It lies on the Pontefract Line operated by Northern Rail and is east of Wakefield Kirkgate...

 was included in the group from September 1997, but by 2005 was no longer included.
PORTSMOUTH STNS PORTSMOUTH BR 0440 Portsmouth & Southsea, Portsmouth Harbour Fratton
Fratton railway station
Fratton railway station is a railway station in Portsmouth, located near Fratton Park, the stadium of association football club Portsmouth F.C.....

 was included in the group until October 1988.
READING STATIONS READING BR 0403 Reading, Reading West Tilehurst
Tilehurst railway station
Tilehurst railway station is a railway station in the suburb and former village of Tilehurst to the west of Reading in England. The station is served by local services operated by First Great Western.- History :...

 was included in the group until October 1988.
SOUTHEND STNS SOUTHEND BR 0411 Southend Central, Southend East, Southend Victoria Southend East was introduced later.
THORNE STATIONS THORNE BR 0271 Thorne North, Thorne South
TILBURY STATIONS TILBURY BR 7468 Tilbury Riverside, Tilbury Town Introduced in January 1993. East Tilbury
East Tilbury railway station
East Tilbury railway station is a railway station located in the village of East Tilbury in the borough and unitary authority of Thurrock in the East of England....

 has never been included. Tilbury Riverside
Tilbury Riverside railway station
Tilbury Riverside railway station is a closed railway station which used to be located in the town of Tilbury in the borough and unitary authority of Thurrock in Essex, south of a triangular junction on the railway between Tilbury Town and East Tilbury....

 closed to rail services in 1993, but c2c
C2c
c2c is a British train operating company that is part of the National Express Group. It provides passenger rail services on the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway line from Fenchurch Street railway station in the City of London to east London and the entire length of the northern Thames Gateway...

 provide a minibus service between Tilbury Town and the former station to provide a connection with the ferry to Gravesend
Gravesend, Kent
Gravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, on the south bank of the Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. It is the administrative town of the Borough of Gravesham and, because of its geographical position, has always had an important role to play in the history and communications of this part of...

.
TYNDRUM STATIONS TYNDRUM BR 0443 Tyndrum Lower, Upper Tyndrum
WAKEFIELD STNS WAKEFIELD BR 0444 Wakefield Kirkgate, Wakefield Westgate
WARRINGTON STNS WARRINGTON BR 0445 Warrington Bank Quay, Warrington Central
W HAMPSTEAD STNS WEST HAMPSTD BR 0265 West Hampstead, West Hampstead Thameslink
WIGAN STATIONS WIGAN BR 0446 Wigan North Western, Wigan Wallgate
WORCESTER STNS WORCESTER BR 0447 Worcester Foregate Street, Worcester Shrub Hill Droitwich Spa
Droitwich Spa railway station
Droitwich Spa railway station serves the town of Droitwich Spa in Worcestershire. It is located just to the south-west of Droitwich Spa Junction of the Worcester to Leamington Spa Line and the Worcester to Birmingham New Street Line...

 was included in the group until October 1988.

Defunct groups

The following table contains groups which have been used at some time between 1985 and the present, but which are not currently in use.
Name NLC Active From Withdrawn From Stations Included Notes Refs
ARDROSSAN BR 0423 January 1989 Ardrossan Harbour, Ardrossan South Beach, Ardrossan Town Ardrossan Town
Ardrossan Town railway station
Ardrossan Town railway station is one of three remaining railway stations in the town of Ardrossan, North Ayrshire, Scotland. It is one of the oldest operational railway stations in Ayrshire, although services and facilities are severely cut back from the station's peak in the early 20th century...

 reopened in 1987 and was included in the group from May 1988.
BIRKENHEAD BR 0266 May 1994 Birkenhead Central, Hamilton Square, Birkenhead Park
BLACKPOOL BR 0426 May 1994 Blackpool North, Blackpool South Blackpool Pleasure Beach
Blackpool Pleasure Beach railway station
Blackpool Pleasure Beach railway station is on the Fylde Coast branch line from Kirkham to Blackpool South, in Lancashire, England. It is across the road from the Blackpool Pleasure Beach complex and provides regular train connections to and from Blackpool and...

 was included in the group during the period of validity of NFM 39 (May 1988 to October 1988).
BRIGHTON BR 0257 January 1989 Aldrington, Brighton, Hove, London Road (Brighton), Moulsecoomb, Preston Park
BRISTOL BR 0400 January 1989 Bedminster, Bristol Parkway, Bristol Temple Meads, Filton, Keynsham, Lawrence Hill, Parson Street, Stapleton Road "Filton" refers to the original Filton station, which was subsequently closed and replaced by Filton Abbey Wood
Filton Abbey Wood railway station
Filton Abbey Wood railway station, was opened on 11 March 1996, replacing the original Filton station which stands to the north of the current site....

 nearby.
BURNLEY BR 0427 May 1994 Burnley Barracks, Burnley Central, Burnley Manchester Road Rose Grove
Rose Grove railway station
Rose Grove railway station serves the western area of Burnley in Lancashire, England, 11 miles east of Blackburn railway station.The Caldervale Line and the East Lancashire Line join at Gannow Junction near Rose Grove, but there are no direct services between here and Burnley Manchester Road...

 was included in the group until January 1989.
CARDIFF BR 0401 January 1995 Cardiff Bute Road, Cardiff Central, Cardiff Queen Street Cardiff Bute Road was subsequently renamed Cardiff Bay. Cathays
Cathays railway station
Cathays railway station is a railway station lying on the Merthyr Tydfil and Rhondda lines in the Cathays district of Cardiff, Wales. The station is 2 kilometres north of Cardiff Central....

 was included in the group until January 1989.
DOVER BR 0414 January 1995 Dover Priory, Dover Western Docks
EDINBURGH BR 0255 Edinburgh Waverley, Haymarket
EXETER BR 0430 May 1992 Exeter Central, Exeter St Davids, Exeter St Thomas St James Park
St James Park railway station
St James Park railway station is a suburban railway station in Exeter, Devon, England. It is operated by First Great Western. It is adjacent to the Exeter City F.C. football ground.-History:...

 was included in the group until NFM 41 (January 1989).
GREENOCK BR 0434 January 1989 Greenock Central, Greenock West
GUILDFORD BR 0256 Guildford, London Road (Guildford)
HAMILTON BR 0405 January 1989 Hamilton Central, Hamilton West
HARTFORD BR 0267 Greenbank, Hartford
HILLINGTON BR 0406 January 1989 Hillington East, Hillington West
LICHFIELD BR 0399 May 1989 September 1989 Lichfield City, Lichfield Trent Valley This grouping was introduced in NFM 42 (May 1989), but was withdrawn at the next fares change because of the difficulty in allocating revenue correctly between the InterCity
InterCity (British Rail)
InterCity was introduced by British Rail in 1966 as a brand-name for its long-haul express passenger services ....

 and Regional Railways
Regional Railways
Regional Railways was one of the three passenger sectors of British Rail created in 1982 that existed until 1996, 3 years after privatisation. The sector was originally called Provincial....

 sectors.
LINCOLN BR May 1985 Lincoln Central
Lincoln Central railway station
Lincoln Central railway station serves the city of Lincoln in Lincolnshire, England. The station is operated by East Midlands Trains, who provide services along with Northern Rail and East Coast....

, Lincoln St. Marks
The group NLC is unknown. "Withdrawn from" date is the closure date of Lincoln St. Marks station
Lincoln St. Marks railway station
Lincoln St. Marks is a closed railway station on the Nottingham to Lincoln Line.-History:St. Mark's railway station, the first in Lincoln, was opened by the Midland Railway in 1846. Originally a terminus the line was extended through the station only a few years after opening to connect with the...

.
LYMINGTON BR 0436 May 1989 Lymington Pier, Lymington Town
NEWBURY BR 0498 Newbury, Newbury Racecourse
NEWHAVEN BR 0439 October 1988 Newhaven Harbour, Newhaven Marine, Newhaven Town Newhaven Marine station
Newhaven Marine railway station
Newhaven Marine Railway Station is a station in Newhaven, East Sussex, England adjacent to Newhaven Harbour railway station. It is technically open, but has been closed to passenger train services since August 2006 due to safety concerns...

 was in limited use for ferry passengers only.
NEW MILLS BR 0412 New Mills Central, New Mills Newtown
PLYMOUTH BR 0402 January 1989 Devonport, Dockyard, Keyham, Plymouth, St Budeaux Ferry Road, St Budeaux Victoria Road
ROTHERHAM BR 0270 11 May 1987 3 October 1988 Rotherham Central, Rotherham Masborough The dates are, respectively, the opening date of Rotherham Central
Rotherham Central railway station
Rotherham Central railway station is in Rotherham, South Yorkshire. The station was originally named "Rotherham", becoming "Rotherham and Masborough" in January 1889 and finally "Rotherham Central" on 25 September 1950...

 and the closing date of Rotherham Masborough
Rotherham Masborough railway station
Rotherham Masborough railway station was the main railway station for Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England from the 1840s, until most of its trains were rerouted via Rotherham Central in 1987...

.
RYDE BR 0272 May 1988 January 1989 Ryde Esplanade, Ryde St John's Road Ryde Pier Head
Ryde Pier Head railway station
Ryde Pier Head railway station is one of three stations in the town of Ryde on the Isle of Wight. Situated at the end of the town's pier, it is adjacent to the terminal for the Wightlink fast catamaran service connecting the island with Portsmouth on the UK mainland...

 was not included.
ST HELENS BR 0264 October 1988 St Helens Junction, St Helens Shaw Street St Helens Shaw Street was subsequently renamed St Helens Central
St Helens Central railway station
St Helens Central railway station is a railway station serving the town of St Helens, Merseyside, England. It is on the Liverpool to Wigan Line from Liverpool Lime Street to Wigan North Western...

.
STREATHAM BR 0261 January 1989 Streatham, Streatham Common, Streatham Hill
TUNBDGE WELLS BR 0442 6 July 1985 Tunbridge Wells Central, Tunbridge Wells West "Withdrawn from" date is the closure date of Tunbridge Wells West station
Tunbridge Wells West railway station
Tunbridge Wells West is a railway station located in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent. It is one of two railway stations in Tunbridge Wells constructed by rival companies. The other, Tunbridge Wells Central was opened in 1845 by the South Eastern Railway . Tunbridge Wells West was closed to mainline...

.
WORTHING BR 0499 East Worthing, West Worthing, Worthing
WREXHAM BR 0417 May 1994 Wrexham Central, Wrexham General Sometimes shown as WREXHAM CLWYD BR.
YEOVIL BR 0448 Yeovil Junction, Yeovil Pen Mill

The status of individual stations within groups

The station group concept only applied to point-to-point travel tickets and tickets directly related to these, such as Season Tickets and Excess Tickets. Other types of ticket issued at a station within a group would show the name of the station itself - selected examples are:
  • One Day Travelcard
    Travelcard
    The Travelcard is an inter-modal travel ticket for unlimited use on the London Underground, London Overground, Docklands Light Railway, Tramlink, London Buses and National Rail services in the Greater London area. Travelcards can be purchased for a period of time varying from one day to a year,...

    s in the London area
  • Platform Tickets
  • Car Park Tickets
  • Rail Rovers and Rangers


Also, for a ticket issued for travel between one station in a group and another, the individual stations' names are shown. This only has practical relevance in situations where group stations are easily accessible from each other - for example, the Liverpool group, where all four stations can be reached directly from each of the others.

In other countries

Station groups also exist in the German rail network and are used for tickets issued over a traveling distance of more than 100 km. For example, BERLIN is the station group covering all stations on and within the Berlin Ringbahn.
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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