Stephen De Staebler was an internationally celebrated American sculptor best recognized for his work in clay and bronze. Totemic and fragmented in form, De Staebler's figurative sculptures call forth the many contingencies of the human condition, such as resiliency and fragility, growth and decay, earthly boundedness and the possibility for spiritual transcendence. An important figure in the California Clay Movement, he is credited with "sustaining the figurative tradition in post-World War II decades when the relevance and even possibility of embracing the human figure seemed problematic at best."

Early life

De Staebler was born in Webster Groves, a suburb of Saint Louis, MO, and spent his childhood in the nearby suburb of Kirkwood. From an early age he was encouraged to develop his artistic interests by his parents, Herbert Conrad De Staebler (1898-1963) and Juliette Hoiles De Staebler (1903-1950).

Many of De Staebler’s childhood summers were spent on his maternal grandparents’ 775-acre farm in rural Shoals, Indiana. The lodging, which he shared with his mother and siblings, Herbert Conrad Jr. or "Hobey" (1929-2008) and Juliette Jeanne or "Jan" (1931-2006), was a rustic cabin built adjacent to the bluffs on the banks of the White River

White River (Indiana)

The White River is a two-forked river that flows through central and southern Indiana and is the main tributary to the Wabash River. Via the west fork, considered to be the main stem of the river by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names, the White River is long.-West Fork:The West Fork, long, is...

. These early immersive experiences of the natural world would prove seminal to the artist’s developing aesthetic. Of the farm, De Staebler has remarked: “I fell in love with the river that winds around our family farm in Indiana. It is bordered by a bluff intricately carved by water and wind. It has caves and natural stairways up fissures just wide enough to squeeze through. I sometimes think that my impulses were all formed as a child there.”

When De Staebler was only eight years old, his father met with the Director of the St. Louis Art Museum to discuss his son’s burgeoning art practice. While at the museum, a bronze copy of the Hellenistic marble sculpture Laocoön and His Sons

Laocoön and his Sons

The statue of Laocoön and His Sons , also called the Laocoön Group, is a monumental sculpture in marble now in the Vatican Museums, Rome. The statue is attributed by the Roman author Pliny the Elder to three sculptors from the island of Rhodes: Agesander, Athenodoros and Polydorus...

 made an indelible impression on the young artist’s psyche. He subsequently signed up for painting lessons with Warren "Gus" Ludwig, a Professor of Art at Washington University in St. Louis, MO, and later took a private clay modeling class with Amanda Hawkins at the John Burroughs School, a prep school also in St. Louis.

Education

De Staebler matriculated at Princeton University

Princeton University

Princeton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and is one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution....

 in 1950, where he studied archeology, art history and religion. Joe Brown, a former professional boxer recognized for his sculptures of sports figures, served as De Staebler’s mentor during this stage of his education. Following his freshman year, De Staebler attended summer session at Black Mountain College

Black Mountain College

Black Mountain College, a school founded in 1933 in Black Mountain, North Carolina, was a new kind of college in the United States in which the study of art was seen to be central to a liberal arts education, and in which John Dewey's principles of education played a major role...

 in Black Mountain N.C., where he studied with the social realist Ben Shahn

Ben Shahn

Ben Shahn was a Lithuanian-born American artist. He is best known for his works of social realism, his left-wing political views, and his series of lectures published as The Shape of Content.-Biography:...

. Other guest faculty at this time included Robert Motherwell

Robert Motherwell

Robert Motherwell American painter, printmaker and editor. He was one of the youngest of the New York School , which also included Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Willem de Kooning, and Philip Guston....

 and David Tudor

David Tudor

David Eugene Tudor was an American pianist and composer of experimental music.- Biography :Tudor was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied piano with Irma Wolpe and composition with Stefan Wolpe and became known as one of the leading performers of avant garde piano music. He gave the...

.

In 1952, De Staebler traveled to Europe aboard the Greek freighter “The Atlantic Beacon.” Once in Europe, he visited cities across Italy (Genoa, Pisa, Sienna, Rome, Assisi, Padua, Venice, Ravenna, Florence, Milan), Switzerland (Berne and Basel), France (Paris, Chartres) and England (London) where he was exposed to canonical works of art and architecture, including Chartres Cathedral and iconic sculptures such as the Belvedere Torso

Belvedere Torso

The Belvedere Torso is a fragment of a nude male statue, signed prominently on the front of the base by an Athenian sculptor "Apollonios son of Nestor", who is unmentioned in ancient literature...

 in the Vatican Museums in Rome, Michelangelo

Michelangelo

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni , commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art...

's unfinished Captives at the Galleria dell'Accademia in Florence, the Rondanini Pietà

Rondanini Pietà

The Rondanini Pietà is a marble sculpture that Michelangelo worked on from the 1550s until the last days of his life, in 1564. It is housed in the Castello Sforzesco in Milan. His final sculpture, the Rondanini Pietà revisited the theme of the Virgin Mary mourning over the body of the dead Christ,...

 at the Castello Sforzesco in Milan, the Winged Victory of Samothrace

Winged Victory of Samothrace

The Winged Victory of Samothrace, also called the Nike of Samothrace, is a 2nd century BC marble sculpture of the Greek goddess Nike . Since 1884, it has been prominently displayed at the Louvre and is one of the most celebrated sculptures in the world.-Description:The Nike of Samothrace,...

 at the Louvre

Louvre

The Musée du Louvre – in English, the Louvre Museum or simply the Louvre – is one of the world's largest museums, the most visited art museum in the world and a historic monument. A central landmark of Paris, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement...

 in Paris, and the Three Goddesses from the Parthenon at the British Museum

British Museum

The British Museum is a museum of human history and culture in London. Its collections, which number more than seven million objects, are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its...

 in London. Two years after this cultural pilgrimage, De Staebler graduated from Princeton magna cum laude with a degree in Religious Studies. His senior thesis, “St. Francis of Assisi and His Imitation of Christ,” explored the life and work of the much venerated founder of the Franciscan Order.

In his obituary for the artist, art critic Kenneth Baker writes: “[De Staebler’s] academic study of religion at Princeton University gave him a philosophical grounding in the existentialist perspective on life to which he was temperamentally inclined. ‘We are all wounded survivors,’ he told an interviewer recently, ‘alive but devastated selves, fragmented, isolated – the condition of modern man. Art tries to restructure reality so that we can live with the suffering’ " . At the conclusion of his undergraduate studies, De Staebler was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to Italy to study the connections between Benito Mussolini

Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism....

`s regime and the Vatican

Holy See

The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...

. He ultimately declined the award and instead volunteered for U.S. Army where he was trained in Teletype at stations in Hof an der Saale and West Berlin, Germany.

Soon after returning to the States, De Staebler moved to the San Francisco Bay Area with his first wife, Dona Merced Curley (d. 1996), earning a teaching credential in secondary education followed by a master’s degree in fine art from University of California, Berkeley

University of California, Berkeley

The University of California, Berkeley , is a teaching and research university established in 1868 and located in Berkeley, California, USA...

 in 1961. While at Berkeley, De Staebler studied under Peter Voulkos

Peter Voulkos

Peter Voulkos popular name of Panagiotis Voulkos, was an American artist of Greek descent. He is known for his Abstract Expressionist ceramic sculptures, which crossed the traditional divide between ceramic crafts and fine art....

, a renowned abstract sculptor who flouted ceramic’s categorization as mere craft, elevating it to the realm of the fine arts. Voulkos’ emphasis on clay’s organic properties and expressive potential deeply influenced De Staebler and reactivated his childhood affinity for nature.

Ceramic

De Staebler’s ceramic sculptures harness the inherent qualities of clay, his primary medium during the earlier years of his career, to create raw, fragmented indexes of the body, the landscape and even the landscape as body. The equally organic and preternatural qualities of his forms evoke the tenuous relationships between earthly monumentality and spiritual transcendence, fragmentation and wholeness, and fragility and strength. This tendency for slippage serves a productive purpose, allowing the works to inhabit the discursive space between more prescriptive categories.

Donald Kuspit observes how De Stabeler’s art can be seen as:
“an attempt to strip the human figure down to its most elemental, ‘almost simplistic,’ terms, revealing it in all its archaic bodiliness. He wants to disinter it from its modernity – the sense of its purely functional significance, of its ideal existence as that of a happy machine – and recover a sense of its flesh as morbidly immediate if also cosmic in import, linked to the strange tumult of raw matter in formation.” He goes on to describe how De Staebler seeks “to create a modern religious art, utilizing archaic forms for an ‘archaic’ purpose: the articulation and remediation of suffering. This generates the illusion of release from time and space we call ‘eternity.’ De Staebler’s archaic figure symbolizes the process that leads to the eternal effect – that uncovers the eternal presentness of the primitively memorable – and the effect itself. It is about the impacted sublimity of our feelings for those we cherish, most of all, for ourselves.”

Rejecting traditional glazes for their tendency to impede the effects of the clay's materiality, De Staebler instead produced pigmentation by first working colored, powdered metal oxides directly into the clay matrix. After firing, the resulting ceramic exhibited subtle, muted hues that heighten the geologic properties of the clay’s origins.

Bronze

In the late 1970s, De Staebler turned to bronze after an injury temporarily curtailed his ability to create large-scale, ceramic figure columns. His interest in such a classical art historical medium might strike as counterintuitive, however De Staebler adapted the casting process to reflect his more deconstructed, liberated approach to art-making.

In a 1995 interview, De Stabeler explained how “working with the figure on its sculptural ground is like the figure/ground problem in painting, the relationship of the figure or object to the space around it […] when I shifted from clay to bronze, I learned quickly that the reason I needed bronze was to separate the figure even further from the ground and let it stand on its own form, which isn’t possible in clay. Bronze offers this great freedom to cantilever masses.”

Rather than being restricted to making bottom-heavy figures, as was often required by clay, bronze allowed De Staebler to create more gravity-defying sculptures that, with their gracefully attenuated legs, appear to exist on the cusp of collapse. While wing-like shapes were not novel to De Staebler’s art, this new material precipitated a greater, more involved investigation of wings and their various symbolic manifestations within the realms of mythology, religion, the animal kingdom and nature. Notable winged figures include Winged Woman Walking (1987); Winged Victory at the Moores Opera House in Houston; and Three Figures, City Center, Oakland, amongst others.

The Boneyard

De Staebler’s later ceramic works utilize discarded bits of fired clay scouted from the “boneyard,” a repository behind his studio that had been accumulating such ephemera for over four decades. The archeological quality of piecing together recovered fragments to create new forms – aggregated through irreducible – resonates with the artist’s own interest in the intersection of mortality and transcendence. Regarding this process of “spontaneous archeology,” De Staebler has said that “you take fragments that speak to one another and bring them into some kind of field that is more than the sum of its parts.”

Teaching

After pursuing his graduate studies at Berkeley, De Staebler briefly taught at San Francisco State University

San Francisco State University

San Francisco State University is a public university located in San Francisco, California. As part of the 23-campus California State University system, the university offers over 100 areas of study from nine academic colleges...

 before accepting a teaching position at the San Francisco Art Institute

San Francisco Art Institute

San Francisco Art Institute is a school of higher education in contemporary art with the main campus in the Russian Hill district of San Francisco, California. Its graduate center is in the Dogpatch neighborhood. The private, non-profit institution is accredited by WASC and is a member of the...

 (1961-1967). In 1967, De Staebler returned to S.F. State where he taught until his retirement in 1990. During his tenure he worked with such notable colleagues as Peter Vandenberg, John Gutmann

John Gutmann

John Gutmann was a German-born American photographer and painter.After fleeing Nazi Germany for being a Jew, Gutmann acquired a job in the United States as a photographer for various German magazines. Gutmann quickly took an interest in the American way of life and sought to capture it through the...

, Robert Bechtel, Richard McClean, Leonard Hunter and Neal White. In 1968, De Staebler participated in various “Happenings” around campus and conducted classes off site to protect students from police squads that had been stationed on campus during anti-Vietnam War demonstrations.

Commissions

In 1963, De Staebler was commissioned to create Moab I for Prudential Savings and Loan in Salt Lake City, Utah, now in the collection of the Utah Museum of Fine Arts. Five years later, in 1968, De Staebler completed an important commission for the Holy Spirit Chapel, Newman Hall (on U.C. Berkeley’s campus) for which he was tasked with creating the alter, tabernacle, crucifix, lectern and celebrant’s chair. Subsequent commissions included U.C. Berkeley Art Museum, 1970; Bay Area Rapid Transit, Concord Station, 1972, and San Francisco Embarcadero Station, 1977; San Francisco Art Commission, Moscone Parking Garage, 1985-86; Iowa State University, Ames, 1986; Old St. Louis Post Office, MO, 1985-87; New Harmony Inn and Convention Center, New Harmony, IN, 1986-98; Geary-Market Investment Company, San Francisco, 1989; Portman Building, Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, 1990; San Jose Convention Center, 1993; Graduate Theological Union, U.C. Berkeley, 1993; City Center Garage/Amphitheatre, Oakland, 1993; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, 1998; and others.

Museums and Galleries

Over the last five decades, De Staebler’s work has been regularly shown in museum and gallery exhibitions throughout the United States and Europe. His art has also been acquired into the permanent collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington DC; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; Los Angeles County Museum of Art; New Orleans Museum of Art; Philbrook Museum, Tulsa OK; Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; UC Berkeley Art Museum; The Oakland Museum; San Jose Museum of Art; Crocker Art Museum, Sacramento; amongst other institutions.

De Staebler is represented by Dolby Chadwick Gallery in San Francisco and Zolla Lieberman Gallery in Chicago.

Major Retrospective

From January 14 - April 22, 2012, the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco will present the first major retrospective of the artist's work at M. H. de Young Memorial Museum

M. H. de Young Memorial Museum

The M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, commonly called simply the de Young Museum, is a fine arts museum located in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park. It is named for early San Francisco newspaperman M. H...

. Entitled “Matter + Spirit: Stephen De Staebler,” the exhibition will be accompanied by a monograph, titled "Matter + Spirit: Stephen De Staebler", which will include essays by Timothy Anglin Burgard ("Stephen De Staebler: Humanist Sculptor in an Existentialist Age"), Rick Newby, and Dore Ashton as well as a chronology of the artist’s life.

Awards

Stephen De Staebler received a plethora of honors and awards through his career, including two National Endowment for the Arts Fellowships, 1979 and 1981; Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship, 1983; American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award in Art, 1989; the Nobukata-Shikanai Special Prize and 4th Rodin Grand Prize Exhibition, Utsukushi-ga-hari Open Air Museum, Japan, 1992; and American Craft Council

American Craft Council

The American Craft Council , was founded in 1943 as a national, nonprofit, educational organization to support and foster interest in the crafts in America. The council sponsers national craft shows, publishes American Craft magazine, and has an extensive awards program...

 Fellow, 1994.

In 2011 De Staebler died of complications from cancer in Berkeley, California

Berkeley, California

Berkeley is a city on the east shore of the San Francisco Bay in Northern California, United States. Its neighbors to the south are the cities of Oakland and Emeryville. To the north is the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington...

 at the age of 78

Sources

• Adams, Doug, Transcendence with the Human Body in Art: George Segal
  George Segal (artist)
  George Segal was an American painter and sculptor associated with the Pop Art movement. He was presented with a National Medal of Arts in 1999.-Works:...
  
  , Stephen De Staebler, Jasper Johns
  Jasper Johns
  Jasper Johns, Jr. is an American contemporary artist who works primarily in painting and printmaking.-Life:Born in Augusta, Georgia, Jasper Johns spent his early life in Allendale, South Carolina with his paternal grandparents after his parents' marriage failed...
  
  , and Christo, New York, Crossroad, 1991.
• Burgard, Timothy Anglin, ed., Matter + Spirit: Stephen De Staebler, San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco; Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012 (forthcoming).
• De Staebler, Stephen, Stephen De Staebler, Sculpture, Oakland, CA, Oakland Museum, 1974.
• De Staebler, Stephen, Stephen De Staebler, The Figure, San Francisco, Chronicle Books, 1987.
• Roby, Diane. Internationally Acclaimed Sculptor Stephen De Staebler Has Died at Age 78. Press release retrieved on prweb.com on 20 May 2011.
• New York Times obit.