Streptaxidae is a family

Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 of air-breathing land snail

Land snail

A land snail is any of the many species of snail that live on land, as opposed to those that live in salt water and fresh water. Land snails are terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells, It is not always an easy matter to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less...

s, terrestrial

Terrestrial animal

Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land , as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water , or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats...

 pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the
Stylommatophora

Stylommatophora

Stylommatophora is a taxon of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon is currently considered to be a clade. It was previously regarded as an infraorder...

. Six Streptaxidae subfamilies are accepted in the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi

Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)

The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

.

Streptaxidae are a carnivorous family except one species Edentulina moreleti

Edentulina moreleti

Edentulina moreleti is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :Edentulina moreleti is endemic to the Seychelles....

, that is herbivorous. All streptaxids have well-developed radula

Radula

The radula is an anatomical structure that is used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared rather inaccurately to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus...

, except Careoradula perelegans

Careoradula perelegans

Careoradula perelegans is a species of air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Streptaxidae.Careoradula perelegans is the only species in the genus Careoradula....

, which is the only known terrestrial gastropod without radula.

Altogether 66 species from the family Streptaxidae have been listed in the 2010 IUCN Red List

IUCN Red List

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species , founded in 1963, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature is the world's main authority on the conservation status of species...

.

Distribution

The historical area of origin of Streptaxidae is probably Gondwanaland.

The Recent native distribution of Streptaxidae include South America, Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, Seychelles, Mayotte, Comores, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, India, Sri Lanka, Andamans, South-East Asia and Philippines. The genus Gibbulinella is found in the Canary Islands.

2005 taxonomy

Only one family Streptaxidae has been recognized within Streptaxida Streptaxoidea

Streptaxoidea

Streptaxoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the Stylommatophora.- 2005 taxonomy :...

 in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)

Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)

The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

.

There are 6 subfamilies in the family Streptaxidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005

Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)

The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

):

• Streptaxinae Gray, 1860 - synonym: Artemonidae Bourguignat, 1889
• Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883 - synonym: Streptostelidae Bourguignat, 1889
• Marconiinae Schileyko, 2000
• Odontartemoninae Schileyko, 2000
• Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921 - synonyms: Gibbinae Steenberg, 1936; Gonidominae Steenberg, 1936
• Ptychotrematinae Pilsbry, 1919

2010 taxonomy

Sutcharit et al. (2010) have established a new family Diapheridae

Diapheridae

Streptaxidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Streptaxoidea.Sutcharit et al. established the new family Diapheridae within the superfamily Streptaxoidea in 2010.- Genera:...

 within Streptaxoidea and they have added two genera Diaphera

Diaphera

Diaphera is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Diapheridae.Diaphera is the type genus of the family Diapheridae.The genus Diaphera is generally poorly known.-Distribution:...

and Sinoennea

Sinoennea

Sinoennea is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Diapheridae.-Distribution:The distribution of Sinoennea includes India, Indochina, China, Malaysian Peninsula in Malaysia, Sumatra, Japan and South Korea.-Species:Species in the genus Sinoennea...

into Diapheridae.

Genera

Genera in the family Streptaxidae include:

Streptaxinae

• Acanthennea Martens, 1898 - with the only species Acanthennea erinacea
  Acanthennea erinacea
  Acanthennea erinacea is a species of air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Streptaxidae.Acanthennea erinacea is the only species within the genus Acanthennea.- Distribution :...
  
  (Martens, 1898)
• Augustula Thiele, 1931 - with the only species Augustula braueri
  Augustula braueri
  Augustula braueri is a species of air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Streptaxidae.Augustula braueri is the only species within the genus Augustula.- Distribution :...
  
  (Martens, 1898)
• Careoradula Gerlach & van Bruggen, 1999 - with the only species Careoradula perelegans
  Careoradula perelegans
  Careoradula perelegans is a species of air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Streptaxidae.Careoradula perelegans is the only species in the genus Careoradula....
  
  (Martens, 1898)
• Discartemon
  Discartemon
  is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.-Species:Species within the genus include:*- Further reading :...
  
  Pfeiffer, 1856
• Glabrennea
  Glabrennea
  Glabrennea is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Glabrennea includes:* the Seychelles-Species:...
  
  
• Glyptoconus
  Glyptoconus
  is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus includes:* Busuangga Island, the Philippines-Species:...
  
  Möllendorff, 1894
• Hypselartemon
  Hypselartemon
  Hypselartemon is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Hypselartemon includes Brazil and Colombia.-Species:...
  
  Wenz, 1947
• Indoartemon
  Indoartemon
  is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus includes:* Sri Lanka* South-East Asia* Hainan, China-Species:...
  
  Forcart, 1946
• Martinella
  Martinella
  is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus includes:* Ecuador* south Brazil-Species:Species within the genus include:...
  
  Jousseaume, 1887
• Micrartemon
  Micrartemon
  is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus includes:* the Philippines-Species:Species within the genus include:*...
  
  Möllendorff, 1890
• Perrottetia
  Perrottetia (gastropod)
  Perrottetia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Perrottetia includes:* south India* South-East Asia* Mascarenes-Species:...
  
  Kobelt, 1905
• Platycochlium
  Platycochlium
  is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus includes:* Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia-Species:Species within the genus include:...
  
  Laidlaw, 1950
• Rectartemon
  Rectartemon
  is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus includes:* Brazil* Venezuela* Caribbean Islands-Species:...
  
  Baker, 1925
• Sairostoma
  Sairostoma
  is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus includes:* north-east Brazil-Species:Species within the genus include:...
  
  Haas, 1938
• Seychellaxis
  Seychellaxis
  Seychellaxis is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Seychellaxis includes:* the Seychelles-Species:...
  
  
• Silhouettia Gerlach & van Bruggen, 1999 - with the only species Silhouettia silhouettae
  Silhouettia silhouettae
  Silhouettia silhouettae is a species of air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Streptaxidae.Silhouettia silhouettae is the only species within the genus Silhouettia.- Distribution :...
  
  (Martens, 1898)
• Stemmatopsis
  Stemmatopsis
  is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus includes:* north Vietnam-Species:Species within the genus include:*...
  
  
• Stereostele Pilsbry, 1919 - with the only species Stereostele nevilli
  Stereostele nevilli
  Stereostele nevilli is a species of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.Stereostele nevilli is the only species in the genus Stereostele.- Subspecies :...
  
  (Adams, 1868)
• Streptartemon
  Streptartemon
  is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus includes South America:* Brazil* Bolivia* Colombia* Venezuela* Guyana-Species:...
  
  Kobelt, 1905
• Streptaxis
  Streptaxis
  Streptaxis is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus includes:* Brazil* Colombia* Venezuela-Species:...
  
  Gray, 1837 - type genus
  Type genus
  In biological classification, a type genus is a representative genus, as with regard to a biological family. The term and concept is used much more often and much more formally in zoology than it is in botany, and the definition is dependent on the nomenclatural Code that applies:* In zoological...
  
   of the family Streptaxidae
• Tonkinia
  Tonkinia
  is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus includes:* north Vietnam-Species:Species within the genus include:*...
  
  Mabille, 1887

Enneinae

• Ennea
  Ennea (gastropod)
  Ennea is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.Ennea is the type genus of the subfamily Enneinae.- Distribution :...
  
  H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 - type genus of the subfamily
• Maurennea
  Maurennea
  Maurennea is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Maurennea includes:* Mauritius* Comoros?...
  
  
• Indoennea
  Indoennea
  Indoennea is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Indoennea includes:* India* Malaya* Sumatra, Indonesia...
  
  Kobelt, 1904
• Bruggennea
  Bruggennea
  Bruggennea is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.The generic name Bruggennea is in honor of Dutch malacologist Adolph Cornelis van Bruggen.- Distribution :...
  
  Dance, 1972
• Elma
  Elma (gastropod)
  Elma is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Elma includes:* Taiwan* Vietnam...
  
  Adams, 1866
• Streptostele
  Streptostele
  Streptostele is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :Indigenous distribution of the genus Streptostele include:...
  
  Dohrn, 1866
• Varicostele
  Varicostele
  Varicostele is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Varicostele includes:* Central Africa* Congo Basin* Uganda...
  
  Pilsbry, 1919

Marconiinae

• Macrogonaxis
  Macrogonaxis
  Macrogonaxis is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Macrogonaxis includes:* East Africa* the Seychelles-Species:...
  
  Bequaert & Clench, 1936
• Marconia
  Marconia (gastropod)
  Marconia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.Marconia is the type genus of the subfamily Marconiinae....
  
  Bourguignat, 1889 - type genus of the subfamily
• Stenomarconia
  Stenomarconia
  Stenomarconia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Stenomarconia includes:* Tanzania* Kenya-Species:...
  
  Germain, 1934

Odontartemoninae

• Afristreptaxis
  Afristreptaxis
  Afristreptaxis is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Afristreptaxis includes:* Afrotropical* South Africa-Species:...
  
  Thiele, 1932
• Artemonopsis
  Artemonopsis
  Artemonopsis is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Artemonopsis includes:* Ivory Coast-Species:...
  
  Germain, 1908
• Gigantaxis
  Gigantaxis
  Gigantaxis is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae....
  
  Tomlin, 1930
• Odontartemon
  Odontartemon
  Odontartemon is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.Odontartemon is the type genus of the subfamily Odontartemoninae.-Species:Species within the genus Odontartemon include:...
  
  L. Pfeiffer, 1856 - type genus of the subfamily
• Pseudogonaxis
  Pseudogonaxis
  Pseudogonaxis is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Pseudogonaxis includes:* Congo Basin* Uganda -Species:...
  
  Thiele, 1932
• Somalitayloria
  Somalitayloria
  Somalitayloria is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Somalitayloria includes:* Somalia-Species:...
  
  Verdcourt, 1962
• Tayloria Bourguignat, 1889

Orthogibbinae

• Edentulina
  Edentulina
  Edentulina is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :Distribution of the genus include:* East Africa** Tanzania* Comores* the Seychelles-Species:...
  
  Pfeiffer, 1856
• Gibbulinella
  Gibbulinella
  is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus includes:* the Canary Islands-Species:Species within the genus include...
  
  Wenz, 1920
• † Gibbus
  Gibbus
  Gibbus is an extinct genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The genus was endemic to Mauritius and it is now extinct....
  
  Montfort, 1810 - this genus was endemic to Mauritius and it is now extinct
• Gonaxis
  Gonaxis
  Gonaxis is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :Distribution of the genus Gonaxis include Equatorial Africa and South Africa:* South Africa* Tanzania...
  
  Taylor, 1877
• † Gonidomus
  Gonidomus
  Gonidomus is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The genus Gonidomus was endemic to Mauritius and it is now extinct.-Species:...
  
  Swainson, 1840 - this genus was endemic to Mauritius and it is now extinct
• Gonospira
  Gonospira
  Gonospira is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :Distribution of the genus Gonospira include:* Mauritius and Rodrigues* Réunion-Species:...
  
  Swainson, 1840
• Haploptychius
  Haploptychius
  is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus includes:* Andaman Islands and south India* South-East Asia* southern and central China...
  
  Kobelt, 1905
• Imperturbatia
  Imperturbatia
  Imperturbatia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :Distribution of the genus include:* the Seychelles-Species:...
  
  Martens, 1898
• Microstrophia
  Microstrophia
  Microstrophia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :Distribution of the genus include:* Mauritius* Réunion-Species:...
  
  Möllendorff, 1887
• Oophana
  Oophana
  is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.-Species:Species within the genus include:* Oophana bulbulus - type species...
  
  Ancey, 1884
• Orthogibbus Germain, 1919 - type genus of the subfamily
• Plicadomus
  Plicadomus
  Plicadomus is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The genus Plicadomus is endemic to Mauritius.-Species:Species within the genus Plicadomus include:*...
  
  Swainson, 1840
• Priodiscus
  Priodiscus
  Priodiscus is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The genus Priodiscus is endemic to the Seychelles.-Species:...
  
  Martens, 1898
• Pseudelma
  Pseudelma
  Pseudelma is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Pseudelma includes:* Mayotte* Comores...
  
  Kobelt, 1904

Ptychotrematinae

• Gulella
  Gulella
  Gulella is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.Until recently, species which are now in the genus Costigulella were included here.- Distribution :...
  
  Pfeiffer, 1856
• Huttonella
  Huttonella
  Huttonella is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :...
  
  Pfeiffer, 1855
• Mirellia
  Mirellia
  Mirellia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae....
  
  Thiele, 1933
• Parennea
  Parennea
  is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.-Species:Species within the genus include:*- Further reading :...
  
  Pilsbry, 1919
• Ptychotrema
  Ptychotrema
  Ptychotrema is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.Ptychotrema is the type genus of the subfamily Ptychotrematinae.- Distribution :...
  
  L. Pfeiffer, 1853 - type genus of the subfamily
• Sinistrexcisa
  Sinistrexcisa
  Sinistrexcisa is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Sinistrexcisa includes:* south-west Cameroon* Equatorial Guinea...
  
  De Winter, Gomez & Prieto, 1999

unsorted to subfamily:

• Conturbatia Gerlach, 2001 - with the only species Conturbatia crenata
  Conturbatia crenata
  is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Streptaxidae. It is the only species in the genus Conturbatia....
  
  Gerlach, 2001
• Costigulella Pilsbry, 1919 - formerly included in Gulella
• Parvedentulina
  Parvedentulina
  Parvedentulina is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Streptaxidae.94 species of Parvedentulina were known in 2002 although the majority of these species were described in 2002...
  
  Emberton & Pearce, 2000 - endemic to Madagascar

Notes:

• Scolodonta
  Scolodonta
  is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Scolodontidae.Scolodonta is the type genus of the family Scolodontidae.This genus is sometimes classified within the Streptaxidae.- Distribution :...
  
  Doering, 1875 used to be classified within Streptaxinae, but Scolodonta is the type genus of the family Scolodontidae
  Scolodontidae
  Scolodontidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonategastropod mollusks in the superfamily Rhytidoidea .-Taxonomy:...
  
  .

See also

• taxa of Streptaxidae described by Adolph Cornelis van Bruggen

Further reading

• Zilch A. (1961). "Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg 24: Mollusca, Streptaxidae". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 90: 79-120.