Strumien
Encyclopedia
Strumień AUD is a town and the seat of Gmina Strumień
, in Cieszyn County
, in the Silesian Voivodeship
(province
) of southern Poland
, on the Vistula
River.
Currently situated in the Silesian Voivodeship
(since 1999), Strumień was previously part of the Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship (1975–1998).
It is located in the north-eastern part of the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia
and is the smallest town of Cieszyn Silesia and one of the smallest in Poland.
, this little town has found itself under various national and imperial jurisdictions (see Duchy of Cieszyn
). The town existed under Austrian dominion from 1653 until the end of the First World War and was referred to in German as Schwarzwasser. The town with its Polish name Strumień joined the Second Polish Republic
in 1920. Following the invasion of Poland and the annexation of Cieszyn Silesia
by the German army
in 1939, it became part of Nazi Germany
(as Schwarzwasser again). At the end of World War II
the town returned to Poland.
census of 1910 the town had 1,579 inhabitants, 1,513 of whom had permanent residence there. Census asked people for their native language, 824 (54.5%) were German-speaking, and 681 (45%) were Polish-speaking. Jews
were not allowed to declare Yiddish
, most of them thus declared the German language as their native. Most populous religious groups were Roman Catholics with 1,484 (94%), followed by the Jews
with 67 (4.2%) and Protestants with 28 (1.8%).
Gmina Strumien
Gmina Strumień is an urban-rural gmina in Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia...
, in Cieszyn County
Cieszyn County
Cieszyn County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Czech and Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998...
, in the Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...
(province
Administrative divisions of Poland
The administrative division of Poland since 1999 has been based on three levels of subdivision. The territory of Poland is divided into voivodeships ; these are further divided into powiats , and these in turn are divided into gminas . Major cities normally have the status of both gmina and powiat...
) of southern Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, on the Vistula
Vistula
The Vistula is the longest and the most important river in Poland, at 1,047 km in length. The watershed area of the Vistula is , of which lies within Poland ....
River.
Currently situated in the Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...
(since 1999), Strumień was previously part of the Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship (1975–1998).
It is located in the north-eastern part of the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia or Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered around the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic...
and is the smallest town of Cieszyn Silesia and one of the smallest in Poland.
History
Because of its proximity to the VistulaVistula
The Vistula is the longest and the most important river in Poland, at 1,047 km in length. The watershed area of the Vistula is , of which lies within Poland ....
, this little town has found itself under various national and imperial jurisdictions (see Duchy of Cieszyn
Duchy of Cieszyn
The Duchy of Cieszyn or Duchy of Teschen or Duchy of Těšín was an autonomous Silesian duchy centered on Teschen in Upper Silesia. After the feudal division of Poland it was split off in 1281 and ruled by Silesian dukes from the Piast dynasty since 1290...
). The town existed under Austrian dominion from 1653 until the end of the First World War and was referred to in German as Schwarzwasser. The town with its Polish name Strumień joined the Second Polish Republic
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland refers to Poland between the two world wars; a period in Polish history in which Poland was restored as an independent state. Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland , the Polish state was...
in 1920. Following the invasion of Poland and the annexation of Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia or Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered around the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic...
by the German army
Wehrmacht
The Wehrmacht – from , to defend and , the might/power) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer , the Kriegsmarine and the Luftwaffe .-Origin and use of the term:...
in 1939, it became part of Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
(as Schwarzwasser again). At the end of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
the town returned to Poland.
Historical population
According to the AustrianAustria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
census of 1910 the town had 1,579 inhabitants, 1,513 of whom had permanent residence there. Census asked people for their native language, 824 (54.5%) were German-speaking, and 681 (45%) were Polish-speaking. Jews
Jews
The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...
were not allowed to declare Yiddish
Yiddish language
Yiddish is a High German language of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, spoken throughout the world. It developed as a fusion of German dialects with Hebrew, Aramaic, Slavic languages and traces of Romance languages...
, most of them thus declared the German language as their native. Most populous religious groups were Roman Catholics with 1,484 (94%), followed by the Jews
Jews
The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...
with 67 (4.2%) and Protestants with 28 (1.8%).