Su Bingwen
Encyclopedia
Su Bingwen (September 1892 – May 1975), was a Chinese military leader. Graduating from officers school in 1914 he joined the Model Regiment as a platoon leader in 1916, became a company commander, and then battalion commander. He served in the Fujian Army in 1920 as the first Army Brigade Chief of Staff, then the Chief of Staff 13th brigade of the Northeast Army. In 1921 he commanded the 6th Army brigade in the north east, then the 17th Division office in 1927. In 1928, Su became Jiang's chief of staff and deputy commander of the northeastern border National Defense Office Directory. First in 1930 as the military commander of the Eastern Railway garrison then, the Hulun Buir garrison commander in 1931 in charge of the Heilungkiang garrisons of the "Barga District" at the extreme west of Heilungkiang on the Soviet frontier.
After the Mukden Incident
occurred Gen. Su kept his isolated command beyond the Hsingan Mts. free of both any of the fighting or any bodies of Japanese troops, and doing nothing of importance in support of either Manchukuo
or Gen. Ma Zhanshan
. In consequence the farmers settled along the Chinese Eastern Railway mainline west of Tsitsihar had remained undisturbed by the upheaval gripping the land and were able to get in their harvests.
Then on September 27, when the Japanese turned their attentions south to restore the security of the vital facilities in the South of Manchuria endangered by the volunteer forces there, Gen. Su Bingwen's soldiers staged a mutiny seizing hundreds of Japanese civilians and isolated military personnel as hostages. The mutineers, calling themselves the Heilungkiang National Salvation Army
moved eastwards aboard trains towards Tsitsihar to join Gen. Ma Zhanshan in re-capturing that provincial capital.
Ma Zhanshan had emerged onto the plains again from his shelter in the Little Hsingan range along the Amur River after the Japanese had defeated the forces in the north. He arrived in Longmen County in September and established relationship with Su Bingwen's force. But from September to December 1932, nearly 30,000 Japanese and Manchukuoan soldiers including the Japanese 14th Division and the 4,500 Mongol Cavalrymen of the Manchukuoan "Hsingan" Army directed a fierce campaign at Su and Ma's troops.
On November 28, 1932, Japanese 14th division attacked Ma Zhanshan and Su Bingwen around Qiqihaer. Japanese planes bombed Ma Zhanshan's headquarter in Hailaer. By December 3, the Japanese took over Hailaer's Ma Zhanshan headquarters. The following day, after heavy fighting, Ma Zhanshan and Su Bingwen and the remnants of their forces left Hailar for the Soviet border and entered Russian territory on December 5. Most of their troops were transferred to Rehe
,
After the retreat to the Soviet Union
, Su returned to Nanjing
, via Germany
and served the KMT government as a military board member and military inspection group director during the Second Sino-Japanese War
. He retired in 1945 to go to Beijing
. After the end of the Chinese Civil War
in February 1955, Su served in Heilongjiang Province as member of the CPPCC Standing Committee, a member of the CPPCC National Committee, and member of the provincial People's Committee, and was Founding Director, Provincial vice chairman of the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee, among other posts. On July 9, 1957, he became a government counselor and managed in Harbin
. He died in May 1975.
After the Mukden Incident
Mukden Incident
The Mukden Incident, also known as the Manchurian Incident, was a staged event that was engineered by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for invading the northern part of China known as Manchuria in 1931....
occurred Gen. Su kept his isolated command beyond the Hsingan Mts. free of both any of the fighting or any bodies of Japanese troops, and doing nothing of importance in support of either Manchukuo
Manchukuo
Manchukuo or Manshū-koku was a puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia, governed under a form of constitutional monarchy. The region was the historical homeland of the Manchus, who founded the Qing Empire in China...
or Gen. Ma Zhanshan
Ma Zhanshan
Ma Zhanshan or Ma Chan-san , was a Chinese Muslim general who initially opposed the Imperial Japanese Army in the invasion of Manchuria, briefly defected to Manchukuo, and then rebelled, and fought against the Japanese in Manchuria and in other parts of China.-Early life:Ma was born...
. In consequence the farmers settled along the Chinese Eastern Railway mainline west of Tsitsihar had remained undisturbed by the upheaval gripping the land and were able to get in their harvests.
Then on September 27, when the Japanese turned their attentions south to restore the security of the vital facilities in the South of Manchuria endangered by the volunteer forces there, Gen. Su Bingwen's soldiers staged a mutiny seizing hundreds of Japanese civilians and isolated military personnel as hostages. The mutineers, calling themselves the Heilungkiang National Salvation Army
Heilungkiang National Salvation Army
On September 27, 1932, the forces of Gen. Su Bingwen mutinied in Hailar. Calling themselves the Heilungkiang National Salvation Army they moved eastwards aboard trains towards Tsitsihar to join Gen. Ma Zhanshan in re-capturing that provincial capital....
moved eastwards aboard trains towards Tsitsihar to join Gen. Ma Zhanshan in re-capturing that provincial capital.
Ma Zhanshan had emerged onto the plains again from his shelter in the Little Hsingan range along the Amur River after the Japanese had defeated the forces in the north. He arrived in Longmen County in September and established relationship with Su Bingwen's force. But from September to December 1932, nearly 30,000 Japanese and Manchukuoan soldiers including the Japanese 14th Division and the 4,500 Mongol Cavalrymen of the Manchukuoan "Hsingan" Army directed a fierce campaign at Su and Ma's troops.
On November 28, 1932, Japanese 14th division attacked Ma Zhanshan and Su Bingwen around Qiqihaer. Japanese planes bombed Ma Zhanshan's headquarter in Hailaer. By December 3, the Japanese took over Hailaer's Ma Zhanshan headquarters. The following day, after heavy fighting, Ma Zhanshan and Su Bingwen and the remnants of their forces left Hailar for the Soviet border and entered Russian territory on December 5. Most of their troops were transferred to Rehe
Rehe
Rehe , also known as Jehol, is a defunct Chinese Special administrative district and later province.-Administration:Rehe was located north of the Great Wall, west of Manchuria, and east of Mongolia. The capital of Rehe was the city of Chengde. The second largest city in the province was Chaoyang,...
,
After the retreat to the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, Su returned to Nanjing
Nanjing
' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...
, via Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
and served the KMT government as a military board member and military inspection group director during the Second Sino-Japanese War
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany , the Soviet Union and the United States...
. He retired in 1945 to go to Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
. After the end of the Chinese Civil War
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of...
in February 1955, Su served in Heilongjiang Province as member of the CPPCC Standing Committee, a member of the CPPCC National Committee, and member of the provincial People's Committee, and was Founding Director, Provincial vice chairman of the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee, among other posts. On July 9, 1957, he became a government counselor and managed in Harbin
Harbin
Harbin ; Manchu language: , Harbin; Russian: Харби́н Kharbin ), is the capital and largest city of Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China, lying on the southern bank of the Songhua River...
. He died in May 1975.