Succineidae
Encyclopedia
Succineidae are a family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 of small to medium-sized, air-breathing, land snail
Land snail
A land snail is any of the many species of snail that live on land, as opposed to those that live in salt water and fresh water. Land snails are terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells, It is not always an easy matter to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less...

s (and slug
Slug
Slug is a common name that is normally applied to any gastropod mollusc that lacks a shell, has a very reduced shell, or has a small internal shell...

s), terrestrial
Terrestrial animal
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land , as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water , or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats...

 pulmonate gastropod molluscs. They are commonly called amber snails because their thin fragile shells are translucent and amber-colored. They usually live in damp habitats such as marshes.

Succineidae is the only family in the superfamily Succineoidea.

The animal is very soft and also appears to be too large for the shell.

Anatomy

In this family, the number of haploid chromosome
Chromosome
A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.Chromosomes...

s varies greatly. The most common totals are less than 10, and also lies between 21 and 25, but other values are also possible (according to the values in this table).

Taxonomy

The family Succineidae contains two subfamilies (according taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

):
  • Succineinae Beck, 1837 - synonyms: Hyalimacinae Godwin-Austen, 1882; Oxylomatinae Schileyko & I. M. Likharev, 1986
  • Catinellinae Odhner
    Nils Hjalmar Odhner
    Nils Hjalmar Odhner was a Swedish zoologist who studied mollusks, a malacologist. During his lifetime he was professor of invertebrate zoology at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm...

    , 1950

Genera

Genera in the family Succineidae include:

  • Succineinae
    • Oxyloma
      Oxyloma
      Oxyloma is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Succineidae, the ambersnails.-Species:The genus Oxyloma includes the following species and subspecies:...

      Westerlund, 1885
    • Succinea
      Succinea
      Succinea, common name amber snails, is a genus of small, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Succineidae.They usually live in damp habitats such as marshes.-Species:...

      Draparnaud, 1801
    • Succinella
      Succinella
      Succinella is a genus of small, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Succineidae, commonly called amber snails. They usually live in damp habitats such as marshes.-Distribution:...

      Mabille, 1871
    • Novisuccinea
      Novisuccinea
      Novisuccinea is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Succineidae, the ambersnails.- Species :Species in the genus Novisuccinea include:* Novisuccinea ovalis - oval ambersnail...

      Pilsbry, 1948
    • Hyalimax
      Hyalimax
      Hyalimax is a genus of small, air-breathing, land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Succineidae, the amber snails.- Species :...

      H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855

  • Catinellinae Odhner
    Nils Hjalmar Odhner
    Nils Hjalmar Odhner was a Swedish zoologist who studied mollusks, a malacologist. During his lifetime he was professor of invertebrate zoology at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm...

    , 1950
    • Catinella Pease, 1870
    • Quickella C. Boettgger, 1939


subfamily ?
  • Omalonyx
    Omalonyx
    Omalonyx is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Succineidae, the amber snails.-References:*...

    d’Orbigny, 1837

Conservation status

The World Conservation Union
World Conservation Union
The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources is an international organization dedicated to finding "pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges." The organization publishes the IUCN Red List, compiling information from a network of...

 (IUCN) considers five species or subspecies of ambersnail as threatened with extinction, and a further three species are categorized as "data deficient" which were previously considered Vulnerable
Vulnerable species
On 30 January 2010, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species identified 9694 Vulnerable species, subspecies and varieties, stocks and sub-populations.-References:...

 or Extinct, and two species are listed as Near Threatened
Near Threatened
Near Threatened is a conservation status assigned to species or lower taxa that may be considered threatened with extinction in the near future, although it does not currently qualify for the threatened status...

.

Threatened species

  • Oxyloma kanabense - anab Ambersnail], Critically Endangered
    Critically Endangered
    Critically Endangered is the highest risk category assigned by the IUCN Red List for wild species. Critically Endangered means that a species' numbers have decreased, or will decrease, by 80% within three generations....

  • Succinea piratarum
    Succinea piratarum
    Succinea piratarum is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Succineidae, the amber snails....

    - Endangered
  • Succinea quadrasi
    Succinea quadrasi
    Succinea quadrasi is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Succineidae, the amber snails....

    - Endangered
  • Boninosuccinea ogasawarae
    Boninosuccinea ogasawarae
    Boninosuccinea ogasawarae is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Succineidae, the amber snails.-Distribution:This species of amber snail is endemic to Japan....

    - Vulnerable
    Vulnerable species
    On 30 January 2010, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species identified 9694 Vulnerable species, subspecies and varieties, stocks and sub-populations.-References:...

  • Boninosuccinea punctulispira
    Boninosuccinea punctulispira
    Boninosuccinea punctulispira is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Succineidae, the amber snails.-Distribution:This species is endemic to Japan....

    - Vulnerable

Assigned other IUCN categories

  • Catinella arenaria
    Catinella arenaria
    The sandbowl snail, Catinella arenaria, also known as Quickella arenaria, is a small species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Succineidae, the amber snails.-Habitat:...

    - Sandbowl Snail, Near Threatened
    Near Threatened
    Near Threatened is a conservation status assigned to species or lower taxa that may be considered threatened with extinction in the near future, although it does not currently qualify for the threatened status...

  • Succinea sanctaehelenae
    Succinea sanctaehelenae
    Succinea sanctaehelenae is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Succineidae, the amber snails....

    - Near Threatened
  • Succinea guamensis
    Succinea guamensis
    Succinea guamensis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Succineidae, the amber snails....

    - Data Deficient
    Data Deficient
    Data Deficient is a category applied by the IUCN, other agencies, and individuals to a species when the available information is not sufficient for a proper assessment of conservation status to be made...

    , previously considered Extinct
  • Succinea chittenangoensis - Chittenago Ovate Ambersnail - Data Deficient, previously Vulnerable
  • Succinea philippinica
    Succinea philippinica
    Succinea philippinica is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Succineidae, the amber snails....

    - Data Deficient, previously Vulnerable
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